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47-983: Coordinates : 32°50′N 119°20′E / 32.833°N 119.333°E / 32.833; 119.333 Lake in China Gaoyou Lake [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Gaoyou Lake Coordinates 32°50′N 119°20′E / 32.833°N 119.333°E / 32.833; 119.333 Basin countries China Max. length 39 km (24 mi) Max. width 30 km (19 mi) Surface area 674.7 km (300 sq mi) Average depth 1.44 m (5 ft) Max. depth 2.4 m (8 ft) Water volume 971.6 × 10 ^ m (34.31 × 10 ^ cu ft) Surface elevation 5.7 m (19 ft) Settlements Gaoyou Gaoyou Lake ( Chinese : 高邮湖 ; pinyin : Gāoyòu Hú )
94-543: A prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with the full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used
141-679: A little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against
188-416: A location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of
235-538: A longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly,
282-593: A narrow sandy spit. Khanka Lake freezes in the second half of November and thaws in April. The fauna and flora of Lake Khanka are rich in species. In 1971, the Ramsar Convention gave the lake the status of a wetland of international importance. In 1990, the Khanka Nature Reserve was organized in part of the then- Soviet basin of Lake Khanka. In April 1996, an agreement was signed between
329-700: A national cartographical organization include the North American Datum , the European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from
376-872: A simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ), the default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by
423-503: A year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at
470-586: Is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b a tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}
517-418: Is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system
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#1732765011901564-454: Is a freshwater lake on the border between Primorsky Krai , Russia and Heilongjiang province, Northeast China (at 45°0′N 132°25′E / 45.000°N 132.417°E / 45.000; 132.417 ). On the Delisle map of 1706, the lake is named Himgon and from it flows a river labelled with the names Usurou and Ousuri . On the 1739 map of Johann Matthias Hase ,
611-464: Is an ancient lake, rich in fish and bird species - a richness reflected in the ancient name Khankai-Omo - "Sea of bird feathers". Likewise, in the Middle Ages, the fish fauna of Lake Khanka furnished the tables of both Chinese and Jurchen emperors with an abundance of delicacies. In 1868, Nikolay Przhevalsky visited Lake Khanka, leaving for posterity his descriptions of the flora and fauna of
658-438: Is cloudy, which is explained by frequent winds and, as a result, strong mixing. On average, the water inflow is about 1.94 km (0.47 cu mi) per year, and the outflow about 1.85 km (0.44 cu mi). On the northern (Chinese) shore lies Lake Small Khanka ( Chinese : 小兴凯湖 ; pinyin : Xiaoxingkai Hu ; Russian : о́зеро Малая Ха́нка, ozero Malaya Khanka ), separated from Lake Khanka proper by
705-575: Is in Chinese territory. The lake is pear-shaped, with an extension in its northern part. The surface area of the water is highly variable, depending on climate conditions. The maximum extension reaches 5,010 km (1,930 sq mi), the minimum extension is 3,940 km (1,520 sq mi). The length of the lake is about 90 km (56 mi), the maximum width is 67 km (42 mi). There are 24 rivers flowing into Lake Khanka, with only one outflow: Songacha River , which connects it with
752-851: Is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Lake Khanka Lake Khanka ( Russian : о́зеро Ха́нка ) or Lake Xingkai ( simplified Chinese : 兴凯湖 ; traditional Chinese : 興凱湖 ; pinyin : Xīngkǎi Hú ),
799-519: Is named as the Usuri . On the 1860 map attached to the Convention of Peking , two lakes are shown: the larger Oz. Khankai (Russian: "Lake Khankai"), with Khankai glossed as signifying "quiet", (but given without a Manchu transliteration), and the smaller Oz. Dobiku (Russian: "Lake Dobiku") - given with a Manchu transliteration of Dobiku . From the big lake is shown flowing a river, labelled with
846-544: Is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at
893-612: Is the Songacha River . The maximum monthly mean temperature is 20 °C (68 °F) in July, while the minimum monthly mean temperature is −21 °C (−6 °F) in January. Rainfall mainly occurs in summer, with average annual precipitation of 500–650 mm annually. The residence time of Lake Khanka is 9.9 years. Popular Culture: The surveyors in the 1975 Akira Kurosawa film " Dersu Uzala " were sent to explore
940-753: Is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as the French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines
987-629: Is the sixth largest freshwater lake in China , it is located between Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province . In a sense Gaoyou Lake is a manmade lake, and its creation is part of a long story about flood control and hydraulic engineering in ancient China. Gaoyou Lake is now part of the Huai River system as the Huai River flows south through Gaoyou Lake on its way to the Yangtze River and
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#17327650119011034-405: Is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations
1081-494: The Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In the 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from
1128-4196: The Pacific . It is about 39 kilometres (24 mi) long and 30 kilometres (19 mi) wide, covering approximately 674.7 square kilometres (300 sq mi). See also [ edit ] 1931 China floods Gaoyou Grand Canal (China) Notes [ edit ] ^ "www.aboutgaoyou.com" . Archived from the original on 2018-07-25 . Retrieved 2011-11-04 . ^ Sumin, Wang; Hongshen, Dou (1998). Lakes in China . Beijing: Science Press. p. 279. ISBN 7-03-006706-1 . v t e Lakes of China Five Great Lakes Poyang Dongting Chao Tai Hongze [REDACTED] Notable freshwater lakes Xingkai Poyang Dongting Tai Hulun Hongze Nansi Bosten Chao Gaoyou Ngoring Gyaring Sayram Baiyangdian Honghu Longgan Liangzi Dianchi Manasarovar Ulansuhai Luoma Erhai Junshan Fuxian Shiju Wabu Nanyi Dongping Ge Yangcheng Chenghai Dianshan Yangzong Xingyun Qilu Yilong Ayding Buir Chagan Daming Diexi Dongqian Heaven (Changbai Tianchi) Baihua Karakul Kunming Lugu Ruyi South Tangjiashan Baiyun Xuanwu Yueya Kanas Dushu Notable salt lakes Qinghai Namtso Siling Zhari Namco Tangra Yumco Ulungur Yamdrok Pangong Rakshastal (La-Ang Tso) Aibi National Parks Jingpo Wudalianchi Tai West (Hangzhou) East Lake (Wuhan) Tianshan Tianchi Songhua Jingyue Slim West Dongting Hongfeng Dianchi Jin Crescent Qinghai Chao Fairy West (Huizhou) Qiong Bosten Feiyun Huguang Rock Bailong Sayram Huating Zhelin Protected wetlands Dongting Poyang Hulun South Dongting West Dongting Xingkai Bita Napa Lashi Nygoring Gyaring Nature Reserves Hengshui Xingkai Wudalianchi Yinglong Caiyun Shengjin Poyang Dongting Erhai Serling West (Dunhuang) Gahai Qinghai Caohai Hulun Kanas Hongze Haba Major urban lakes West (Hangzhou) East (Wuhan) Tangxun Lake Kunming Jinji Yuyuantan West (Huizhou) Slim West Taiye Dianchi Daming Yueya Ruyi South Xuanwu Qujiangchi Lotus Pond Baiyun Yinglong Caiyun Moon Reservoirs Three Gorges Longtan Longyangxia Danjiangkou Supung Thousand Islands Xinfengjiang Liujiaxia Changshou Yantan Jiangkou Guanting Miyun Yuqiao Beidagang See also: List of dams and reservoirs in China [REDACTED] Lakes portal [REDACTED] China portal Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaoyou_Lake&oldid=1170914864 " Categories : Lakes of Jiangsu Lakes of Anhui Huai River Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Articles using infobox body of water without alt Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map alt Articles using infobox body of water without image bathymetry Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS )
1175-509: The Ussuri , and that in turn with the Amur River system. Lake Khanka is a shallow body of water, with an average depth of 4.5 metres (15 ft) and a prevailing depth of 1–3 metres (3.3–9.8 ft); the greatest depth is 10.6 m (35 ft). Its average volume is 18.3 km (4.4 cu mi), though it can fill up to 22.6 km (5.4 cu mi). The water in the lake
1222-704: The "pearl" often made an appearance around Fanliang in Yangzhou, the people there erected a "Pearl Pavilion" on a wayside, where people came by boat in hopes to see the mysterious flying object. Lake Khanka, the largest lake in Primorsky Krai , is located in the centre of the Khankan lowland on the border with the People's Republic of China in Heilongjiang Province . The northern part of the lake
1269-539: The Chinese Xiaohu , that is, "Small Lake"). On the 1864 map by A.F. Budishchev, a captain in the Corps of Foresters , the lake is named as Khinkai ( Singkai ). On the ethnographic map of Shrenk the abbreviated Russian names Oz. Khanka and Oz. Mal. Khanka ("Lake Khanka" and "Little / Lesser Lake Khanka") are used. Explorer, traveler, naturalist and writer Vladimir Arsenyev (1872–1930) wrote, concerning
1316-512: The Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and
1363-789: The Governments of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the establishment of an international Russian-Chinese nature reserve around the lake, from the Khankai Reserve in Russia and the Chinese Singkai-Hu Reserve. The wetlands of the Lake Khanka basin (Водно-болотные угодья озера Ханка, Vodno-bolotnye ugod'ya ozera Khanka ) represent a unique natural complex. The lowland of
1410-543: The Prihanka and, in fact, the shores of the lake represent a fairly swampy terrain. So-called melt-plant communities, formed by various species of sedge and grass, form a solid turf covering the water mirror for many tens of square kilometers. Diverse ecosystems are represented, such as meadows (from marshy to steppe), meadow forest, forest-steppe and steppe plant communities. In the lake itself there are many species of fish and aquatic invertebrates, many of which are endemic. In
1457-456: The Russian names Uzhu and Sungachan , with the second of these names being glossed with a Manchu transliteration. On the 1861 map made by 'M. Popov' (= rear-admiral Andrei Alexandrovich Popov ?), the larger lake is given the name Kengka , while the smaller is called Ai'-Kengka - to which name is added (in brackets) the further name Siauhu (which can be understood as a transcription of
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1504-520: The city of Yangzhou at night, but described first by local inhabitants of eastern Anhui and then in Jiangsu . Shen wrote that a man near Xingkai Lake observed this curious object; allegedly it: ...opened its door and a flood of intense light like sunbeams darted out of it, then the outer shell opened up, appearing as large as a bed with a big pearl the size of a fist illuminating the interior in silvery white. The intense silver-white light, shot from
1551-464: The far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana ,
1598-491: The interior, was too strong for human eyes to behold; it cast shadows of every tree within a radius of ten miles. The spectacle was like the rising Sun, lighting up the distant sky and woods in red. Then all of a sudden, the object took off at a tremendous speed and descended upon the lake like the Sun setting. Shen went on to say that Yibo, a poet of Gaoyou , wrote a poem about this "pearl" after witnessing it. Shen wrote that since
1645-414: The lake and its surroundings. It was thirty-four years later, in 1902, that the explorer Vladimir Arsenyev made his first expedition to the area. In Shen Kuo 's Dream Pool Essays , a passage called "Strange Happenings" contains a peculiar account of an unidentified flying object . Shen wrote that, during the reign of Emperor Renzong (1022–1063), an object as bright as a pearl occasionally hovered over
1692-413: The lake is named Lake Hinka and the river flowing from it called by the names Ousoury and Schur . On the 1752 map of d'Anville , the lake is named Hink , and the river from it is called Songhachan , which flows, in turn, into the river Usuri . On an 18th-century map showing the "Irkutsk governorate with the adjacent islands and the western coast of America", the river issuing from Lake Hinka
1739-454: The lake there live 52 species of fish, among them such as carp , perch , silver carp , catfish , and snakehead . A variety of birds nest and stop on the lake or its banks. The lake's drainage basin covers an area of 16,890 km (6,520 sq mi), of which 97% is in Russian territory. It is fed by 23 rivers (8 in China and 15 in Russia), but the only outflow of the lake
1786-415: The length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand the distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get
1833-481: The motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to) the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on
1880-552: The name of the lake: "In the Liao Dynasty, Khanka Lake was called Beitsin-hai , but it is now known as Khanka , Khinkai and Sinkai-hu , meaning "Lake of Prosperity". It must be assumed that the name Khanka originated from another word, namely khanhai , meaning "hollow" - a name by which the Chinese call every low place...Subsequently, the Russians must have changed this word to its current form of Khanka . " Lake Khanka
1927-474: The one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm
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1974-535: The proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with the International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and
2021-430: The same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because the location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection
2068-664: The same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding the length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text
2115-486: The shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for a region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using
2162-464: The surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface
2209-445: The width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!} is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi }
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