Garßen is a Lower Saxon village in the southern part of the Lüneburg Heath and, since 1973, part of the borough of Celle in Germany. It lies on the northeastern side of the town.
46-402: The name of the village is derived from Gersnethe (1248). Historically Garßen was part of the parish of Groß Hehlen . On 1 January 1973 Garßen lost its independence and was incorporated into the borough of Celle. The village is separated into an old and a new area by the B 191 federal road which runs from Celle to Eschede and Uelzen . Whilst the new area consists mainly of new houses, in
92-693: A diocese or see . Parishes within a diocese may be grouped into a deanery or vicariate forane (or simply vicariate ), overseen by a dean or vicar forane , or in some cases by an archpriest . Some churches of the Anglican Communion have deaneries as units of an archdeaconry . An outstation is a newly-created congregation, a term usually used where the church is evangelical , or a mission and particularly in African countries, but also historically in Australia. They exist mostly within
138-931: A transitional deacon in the Anglican and Roman churches, except that Lutheran vicars are not ordained. In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in South Africa, a vicar is a person who has completed seminary training and is awaiting ordination while serving at a parish where the Diocesan Council places him or her. The title Vikar , used in the Lutheran churches in Germany, is comparable while the Lutheran Church of Sweden calls it kyrkoherde ("church shepherd"), although that title
184-463: A vicar or rector , owing to the vagaries of the feudal tithe system: rectories usually having had greater income) and perhaps supported by one or more curates or deacons - although as a result of ecclesiastical pluralism some parish priests might have held more than one parish living , placing a curate in charge of those where they do not reside. Now, however, it is common for a number of neighbouring parishes to be placed under one benefice in
230-462: A certain degree of leadership in a territorial division of a diocese or a pastoral region known as a vicarate forane or a deanery. A parochial vicar is a priest assigned to a parish in addition to, and in collaboration with, the parish priest or rector . He exercises his ministry as an agent of the parish's pastor, who is termed parochus in Latin. Some papal legates are given the title Vicar of
276-485: A civil parish and is formally recognised as the level of local government below a district council . The traditional structure of the Church of England with the parish as the basic unit has been exported to other countries and churches throughout the Anglican Communion and Commonwealth but does not necessarily continue to be administered in the same way. The parish is also the basic level of church administration in
322-727: A digression in Framley Parsonage (chapter 14) on the incomprehensible logic that made one vicar rich and another poor. The 18th-century satirical ballad " The Vicar of Bray " reveals the changes of conscience a vicar (whether of the Bray in Berkshire or of that in County Wicklow ) might undergo in order to retain his meagre post, between the 1680s and 1720s. "The Curate of Ars " (usually in French: Le Curé d'Ars )
368-496: A local grouping of Methodist churches that share one or more ministers (which in the United Kingdom would be called a circuit ) is referred to as a parish. Vicar#Roman Catholic A vicar ( / ˈ v ɪ k ər / ; Latin : vicarius ) is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, vicar
414-435: A parish church, each parish may maintain auxiliary organizations and their facilities such as a rectory , parish hall , parochial school , or convent , frequently located on the same campus or adjacent to the church. Normally, a parish comprises all Catholics living within its geographically defined area, but non-territorial parishes can also be established within a defined area on a personal basis for Catholics belonging to
460-616: A particular rite , language, nationality, or community. An example is that of personal parishes established in accordance with the 7 July 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum for those attached to the pre- Vatican II liturgy. The Church of England 's geographical structure uses the local parish church as its basic unit. The parish system survived the Reformation with the Anglican Church's secession from Rome remaining largely untouched; thus, it shares its roots with
506-635: A review into the organisation of the Church and make recommendations as to its future shape. The group published its report ("Church in Wales Review") in July 2012 and proposed that parishes should be reorganised into larger Ministry Areas (Ardaloedd Gweinidogaeth). It stated that: "The parish system... is no longer sustainable" and suggested that the Ministry Areas should each have a leadership team containing lay people as well as clergy, following
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#1732790408852552-580: A small salary (paid sometimes by the diocese ). (See also in Church of England .) Today, the roles of a rector and a vicar are essentially the same. Which of the two titles is held by the parish priest is historical. Some parishes have a rector, others a vicar. In the Episcopal Church in the United States of America , the positions of "vicar" and "curate" are not recognized in the canons of
598-433: A subsidiary place of worship to the main parish church. In England civil parishes and their governing parish councils evolved in the 19th century as ecclesiastical parishes began to be relieved of what became considered to be civic responsibilities. Thus their boundaries began to diverge. The word "parish" acquired a secular usage. Since 1895, a parish council elected by public vote or a (civil) parish meeting administers
644-426: Is a need to avoid an overlapping jurisdiction. In some other Eastern Orthodox churches the term " chorbishop " is used instead of "vicar bishop". In Anglicanism , a vicar is a type of parish priest . Historically, parish priests in the Church of England were divided into vicars, rectors , and perpetual curates . The parish clergy and church were supported by tithes —like a local tax (traditionally, as
690-615: Is a term for what is known as suffragan bishop in the Anglican Communion or as auxiliary bishop in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church . A vicar bishop usually bears in his title the names of both his titular see (usually, a smaller town within the diocese he ministers in) and the see he is subordinate to. For example, Ignaty Punin, the vicar bishop under the Diocese of Smolensk , is titled "The Right Reverend Ignaty,
736-399: Is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese . A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest , often termed a parish priest , who might be assisted by one or more curates , and who operates from a parish church . Historically, a parish often covered the same geographical area as a manor . Its association with
782-535: Is also known for its sports club, the Sportverein SV Garßen Celle , which under the short name of SVG Celle had an unbroken run since 1998 in the Women's 2nd Handball Division (North) in Germany and, in 2009, was promoted to the 1st Division. In addition there has been a golf course on the eastern edge of the village for several years on the road to Lachendorf . Parish A parish
828-618: Is cognate with the English prefix "vice", similarly meaning "deputy". It also refers to a senior priest in the Church of England . The title appears in a number of Christian ecclesiastical contexts, but also as an administrative title , or title modifier, in the Roman Empire . In addition, in the Holy Roman Empire , a local representative of the emperor , such as an archduke , could be styled " vicar ". The Pope bears
874-423: Is divided into parishes, each with their own central church called the parish church , where religious services take place. Some larger parishes or parishes that have been combined under one parish priest may have two or more such churches, or the parish may be responsible for chapels (or chapels of ease ) located at some distance from the mother church for the convenience of distant parishioners. In addition to
920-402: Is established by law. Vicars general , episcopal vicars, and judicial vicars exercise vicarious ordinary power; they each exercise a portion of the power of the diocesan bishop ( judicial for the judicial vicar, executive for the others) by virtue of their office and not by virtue of a mandate. A vicar forane , also known as an archpriest or dean, is a priest entrusted by the bishop with
966-399: Is more comparable to a rector . Oliver Goldsmith 's novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766) and Honoré de Balzac 's The Curate of Tours ( Le Curé de Tours ; 1832) evoke the impoverished world of the 18th- and 19th-century vicar. Anthony Trollope 's Chronicles of Barsetshire are peopled with churchmen of varying situations, from wealthy to impoverished; the income differences prompted
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#17327904088521012-456: The Catholic and Anglican parishes. The Anglican Diocese of Cameroon describes their outstations as the result of outreach work "initiated, sponsored and supervised by the mother parishes". Once there is a big enough group of worshippers in the same place, the outstation in named by the bishop of the diocese. They are run by " catechists /evangelists" or lay readers, and supervised by
1058-490: The Catholic Church 's system described below. Parishes may extend into different counties or hundreds and historically many parishes comprised extra outlying portions in addition to its principal district, usually being described as 'detached' and intermixed with the lands of other parishes. Church of England parishes nowadays all lie within one of 42 dioceses divided between the provinces of Canterbury , 30 and York , 12. Each parish normally has its own parish priest (either
1104-523: The Church of Scotland . Spiritual oversight of each parish church in Scotland is responsibility of the congregation's Kirk Session . Patronage was regulated in 1711 ( Patronage Act ) and abolished in 1874, with the result that ministers must be elected by members of the congregation. Many parish churches in Scotland today are "linked" with neighbouring parish churches served by a single minister. Since
1150-487: The abolition of parishes as a unit of civil government in Scotland in 1929, Scottish parishes have purely ecclesiastical significance and the boundaries may be adjusted by the local Presbytery. The Church in Wales was disestablished in 1920 and is made up of six dioceses. It retained the parish system and parishes were also civil administration areas until communities were established in 1974, but did not necessarily share
1196-557: The cure or care of all the souls outside the episcopal cities. The position of the Roman Catholic vicar as it evolved is sketched in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1908). Vicars have various titles based on what role they are performing. An apostolic vicar is a bishop or priest who heads a missionary particular Church that is not yet ready to be a full diocese – he stands as the local representative of
1242-487: The Apostolic See . A vicar can be the priest of a " chapel of ease ", a building within the parish which is not the parish church. Non-resident canons led also to the institution of vicars choral , each canon having his own vicar, who sat in his stall in his absence (see Cathedral ). In Opus Dei , a regional vicar is a priest designated to fulfil responsibilities for an entire country or region, such as France or
1288-461: The Pope, in the Pope's role as bishop of all unorganized territories. A vicar capitular , who exercises authority in the place of the diocesan chapter, is a temporary ordinary of a diocese during a sede vacante period. Vicars exercise authority as the agents of the bishop of the diocese. Most vicars, however, have ordinary power , which means that their agency is not by virtue of a delegation but
1334-664: The United States. Within religious communities, the vicar is the secondary superior of the group, subject only to the Superior General , whether of an individual community or monastery, or of a wider jurisdiction, called, e.g., a Vicar Provincial. In these organizations, the office is filled by any member of the community, whether clergy or lay. In the Russian Orthodox Church and some other non-Hellenic Eastern Orthodox churches that historically follow Russian tradition, vicar ( Russian : vikariy / викарий)
1380-462: The bishop of Vyazma , the vicar of the Diocese of Smolensk", Vyasma being a smaller town inside the territory of the Diocese of Smolensk. Normally, only large dioceses have vicar bishops, sometimes more than one. Usually, Russian Orthodox vicar bishops have no independent jurisdiction (even in their titular towns) and are subordinate to their diocesan bishops; though some of them de facto may have jurisdiction over some territories, especially when there
1426-454: The charge of a priest who conducts services by rotation, with additional services being provided by lay readers or other non-ordained members of the church community. A chapelry was a subdivision of an ecclesiastical parish in England , and parts of Lowland Scotland up to the mid 19th century. It had a similar status to a township but was so named as it had a chapel which acted as
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1472-710: The committee of every local congregation that handles staff support is referred to as the committee on Pastor-Parish Relations. This committee gives recommendations to the bishop on behalf of the parish/congregation since it is the United Methodist Bishop of the episcopal area who appoints a pastor to each congregation. The same is true in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church . In New Zealand,
1518-547: The creator parish or archdeaconry . Outstations are not self-supporting, and in poor areas often consist of a very simple structure. The parish priest visits as often as possible. If and when the community has grown enough, the outstation may become a parish and have a parish priest assigned to it. In the Catholic Church, each parish normally has its own parish priest (in some countries called pastor or provost ), who has responsibility and canonical authority over
1564-465: The entire church. However, some diocesan canons do define "vicar" as the priest in charge of a mission; and "curate" is often used for assistants, being entirely analogous to the English situation. A vicarage, or vicarage house, is a residence provided by the church for the priest. They were usually located near the church and were sometimes quite elaborate and other times inadequate. Dating from medieval times, they were often rebuilt and modernized. In
1610-494: The etymology of tithe suggests, of ten percent) levied on the personal as well as agricultural output of the parish. Roughly speaking, the distinction was that a rector directly received both the greater and lesser tithes of his parish while a vicar received only the lesser tithes (the greater tithes going to the lay holder, or impropriator , of the living); a perpetual curate with a small cure and often aged or infirm received neither greater nor lesser tithes, and received only
1656-472: The fourth year (this is often referred to as "a vicarage", a homonym of the residence of the Vicar). Typically at the end of the year of vicarage, the candidate returns to seminary and completes a final year of studies. After being issued a call or assignment, the candidate is ordained as a pastor in the ministry of Word and Sacrament. The role of a vicar in the Lutheran tradition is most comparable to that of
1702-508: The old part there are several farms and old buildings. The head of the parish council ( Ortsbürgermeister ) is Dr. Michael Bischoff (CDU). The centrepiece of the old village is St Mark's Church ( Markuskirche ), which was built in the middle of the 14th century. Next to the church is the primary school and the special needs school. In addition there is a kindergarten in Garßen and a large hypermarket as well as several small craft shops. Garßen
1748-410: The parish church remains paramount. By extension the term parish refers not only to the territorial entity but to the people of its community or congregation as well as to church property within it. In England this church property was technically in ownership of the parish priest ex officio , vested in him on his institution to that parish. First attested in English in the late 13th century,
1794-490: The parish. What in most English-speaking countries is termed the "parish priest" is referred to as the "pastor" in the United States , where the term "parish priest" is used of any priest assigned to a parish even in a subordinate capacity. These are called "assistant priests", "parochial vicars", " curates ", or, in the United States, "associate pastors" and "assistant pastors". Each diocese (administrative region)
1840-659: The principles of 'collaborative ministry'. Over the next decade, the six dioceses all implemented the report, with the final Ministry Areas being instituted in 2022. In the Diocese of St Asaph (Llanelwy), they are known as Mission Areas (Ardaloedd Cenhadaeth) In the United Methodist Church congregations are called parishes, though they are more often simply called congregations and have no geographic boundaries. A prominent example of this usage comes in The Book of Discipline of The United Methodist Church , in which
1886-523: The same boundaries. The reduction in the numbers of worshippers, and the increasing costs of maintaining often ancient buildings, led over time to parish reorganisation, parish groupings and Rectorial Benefices (merged parishes led by a Rector). In 2010, the Church in Wales engaged the Rt Rev Richard Harries (Lord Harries of Pentregarth), a former Church of England Bishop of Oxford; Prof Charles Handy; and Prof Patricia Peattie, to carry out
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1932-808: The second half of the 20th century, most large vicarages were replaced with more modern and simpler houses. In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod , the Lutheran Church–Canada , and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod , a vicar is a candidate for ordained pastoral ministry, serving in a vicariate or internship, usually in the third year of seminary training, though it can be delayed to
1978-412: The surrounding district. Broadly speaking, the parish is the standard unit in episcopal polity of church administration, although parts of a parish may be subdivided as a chapelry , with a chapel of ease or filial church serving as the local place of worship in cases of difficulty to access the main parish church. In the wider picture of ecclesiastical polity, a parish comprises a division of
2024-566: The term "parish" occurs in the long-established Christian denominations: Catholic , Anglican Communion , the Eastern Orthodox Church , and Lutheran churches, and in some Methodist , Congregationalist and Presbyterian administrations. The eighth Archbishop of Canterbury Theodore of Tarsus (c. 602–690) appended the parish structure to the Anglo-Saxon township unit, where it existed, and where minsters catered to
2070-406: The title vicar of Christ (Latin: Vicarius Christi ). In Catholic canon law , a vicar is the representative of any ecclesiastic entity. The Romans had used the term to describe officials subordinate to the praetorian prefects . In the early Christian churches, bishops likewise had their vicars, such as the archdeacons and archpriests , and also the rural priest , the curate who had
2116-601: The word parish comes from the Old French paroisse , in turn from Latin : paroecia , the Romanisation of the Ancient Greek : παροικία , romanized : paroikia , "sojourning in a foreign land", itself from πάροικος ( paroikos ), "dwelling beside, stranger, sojourner", which is a compound of παρά ( pará ), "beside, by, near" and οἶκος ( oîkos ), "house". As an ancient concept,
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