50-529: Garfield Park may refer to: East Garfield Park, Chicago , a City of Chicago community area West Garfield Park, Chicago , a City of Chicago community area Garfield Park (Chicago) , a park in the East Garfield Park neighborhood of Chicago known for its conservatory Garfield Park (Indianapolis) , a park on the south side of Indianapolis known for its conservatory and sunken gardens Garfield Park,
100-468: A 55-acre complex near the community's southern section in neighboring North Lawndale, resulting in employment opportunities for East Garfield Park residents, increased land values and community stability. By 1920, the neighborhood had 56,269 residents with Russian Jews and Italians joining the early Irish and German residents. By the 1930s, Italians displaced the Irish and became the largest ethnic group in
150-418: A 2022 Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning report citing 2020 data, there were 19,992 people and 7,828 households residing in the area. The racial makeup of the area was 5.90% White , 84.90% African American , 0.90% Asian , 3.50% from other races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.80% of the population. Age distribution for the area is similar to other nearby communities, with 29.40% under
200-422: A Senate seat becomes vacant more than 28 months before the next general election for that seat, an election is held at the next general election. The replacement member must be a member of the same party as the departing member. The General Assembly has enacted a statute governing this process. Under that statute, a replacement member is appointed by the party committee for that district, whose votes are weighted by
250-592: A member of the Whig Party to serve in the General Assembly in 1834. He served four successive terms 1834–42 in the Illinois House of Representatives , supporting expanded suffrage and economic development. He later went to the presidency as part of then new Republican Party. In 1877, John W. E. Thomas was the first African American elected to the legislature. In 1922, Lottie Holman O'Neill
300-938: A park in Garfield Heights, Ohio Garfield Park , a playground in Washington, DC , under DPR (Department of Parks and Recreation), located at Third and G Streets SE ( Ward 6 ) Garfield Square , a park in the Mission District of San Francisco that is also known as Garfield Park Piatt Park , a park in Cincinnati, Ohio that is also known as Garfield Park Three areas of Willingboro Township, New Jersey named Garfield Park, Garfield Park East, and Garfield North A small park in Oakland, California A park in Corvallis, Oregon Topics referred to by
350-473: A plan to reimagine Madison Street, filled with architectural renderings of shops — a coffeehouse, a grocery store, a hardware shop — with residences above them. As yet, the plan has not been implemented. Due to its many positive attributes, the neighborhood is a likely gentrification target for real estate developers, but the neighborhood is proactively developing plans to stave off the displacement that has fractured other communities across Chicago. According to
400-532: A reduction veto. These veto powers are unusually broad among US state governors. The line item veto was added to the Illinois Constitution in 1884. The amendatory and reduction vetoes were new additions in the 1970 Constitution. The General Assembly can override full, amendatory and item vetoes by a three-fifths majority vote in both chambers. It can override a reduction veto by a simple majority vote in both chambers. If both chambers agree to
450-549: Is currently exercised by the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules (JCAR). JCAR is made up of 12 members, with equal numbers from the House and Senate and equal numbers from each political party. It can block proposed rules by a 3/5 vote. The General Assembly can then reverse the block by a joint resolution of both houses. JCAR was first established in 1978 and given only advisory powers. The General assembly gave it
500-584: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages East Garfield Park, Chicago East Garfield Park is a neighborhood on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois , west of the Loop . Taking its name from the large urban park, Garfield Park , the neighborhood is bordered by the Union Pacific railroad tracks on the north, Arthington and Taylor Streets on
550-681: Is divided into two adjacent House districts. The General Assembly meets in the Illinois State Capitol in Springfield . Its session laws are generally adopted by majority vote in both houses, and upon gaining the assent of the Governor of Illinois . They are published in the official Laws of Illinois . Two presidents of the United States , Abraham Lincoln and Barack Obama , began their political careers in
SECTION 10
#1732772764989600-636: Is the legislature of the U.S. state . It has two chambers , the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate . The General Assembly was created by the first state constitution adopted in 1818. As of 2023 , the current General Assembly is the 103rd; the term of an assembly lasts two years. Under the Illinois Constitution, since 1983 the Senate has had 59 members and the House has had 118 members. In both chambers, all members are elected from single-member districts . Each Senate district
650-446: Is the second Wednesday of January each year. The Secretary of State presides over the House until it chooses a Speaker and the governor presides over the Senate until it chooses a President . Both chambers must also select a Minority Leader from among the members of the second most numerous party. In order to serve as a member in either chamber of the General Assembly, a person must be a U.S. citizen, at least 21 years of age, and for
700-466: The 1818 and 1848 Illinois Constitutions , the legislature could add and reapportion districts at any time, and by 1870 it had done so ten times. Under the 1870 Illinois Constitution , Illinois was divided into 51 legislative districts, each of which elected one senator and three representatives. The representatives were elected by cumulative voting , in which each voter had three votes that could be distributed among one, two, or three candidates. Due to
750-569: The 2012 presidential election , East Garfield Park cast 9,046 votes for Barack Obama and cast 100 votes for Mitt Romney (98.51% to 1.09%). Chicago Public Schools operates district public schools. Laura Ward Elementary School is in Humboldt Park . The building was formerly the Martin Ryerson Elementary School. Ryerson School closed in 2013, and Laura Ward, previously in an East Garfield Park building,
800-836: The Blue Line and the Green Line , serves this neighborhood. The Green Line has stations at California , Kedzie , and Central Park Drive . The Blue Line has a station in the neighborhood in the median of the Eisenhower Expressway , Kedzie-Homan . The neighborhood is also served by the CTA's bus service. East-west bus routes include 20 along Madison Street, 126 along Jackson Street, and 7 along Harrison Street. North-south bus routes include 94 along California Avenue, 52 along Kedzie Avenue, and 82 along Homan Avenue. Illinois General Assembly The Illinois General Assembly
850-617: The Indian Removal Act which forced the area's indigenous tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River. The East Garfield Park community was undeveloped prairie and farmland until the late 1860s, with residential growth in the area curtailed by limited transportation facilities and few public improvements to the area. In 1869, the area became part of Chicago when the land from current-day Western Avenue to Pulaski Road and from North Avenue to about 39th Street
900-408: The elevated line and the electrification of the surface lines. In addition, industrial areas developed along the northern, eastern and southern borders where railroad tracks of many of the major rail lines of the time were located. Factories and warehouses were attracted to the area by the readily accessible rail transportation, lower land values and lower taxes. Workers were drawn to the area by
950-637: The 1950s, public housing adjacent to and just north of the Expressway was constructed in East Garfield Park by the Chicago Housing Authority including Harrison Courts, built from 1950–52; Maplewood Courts, built from 1950–52; and Rockwell Gardens , a fifteen-acre project built from 1954-1961. African Americans had been leaving their homes in the south since the turn of the century and by mid-century, their numbers had dramatically changed Chicago's demographic data; East Garfield Park
1000-408: The General Assembly are elected at the beginning of each even-numbered year. Representatives of the House elect from its membership a Speaker and Speaker pro tempore, drawn from the majority party in the chamber. The Illinois Secretary of State convenes and supervises the opening House session and leadership vote. State senators elect from the chamber a President of the Senate , convened and under
1050-467: The General Assembly is redistricted following each United States Census . To prevent complete turnovers in membership (except after an intervening Census), not all Senators are elected simultaneously. The term cycles for the Senate are staggered, with the placement of the two-year term varying from one district to another. Each district's terms are defined as 2-4-4, 4-2-4, or 4-4-2. Like House members, Senators are elected without term limits. The officers of
SECTION 20
#17327727649891100-404: The General Assembly may not hold other public offices or receive appointments by the governor, and their salaries may not be increased during their tenure. Seats in the General Assembly may become vacant due to a member resigning, dying, being expelled, or being appointed to another office. Under the Illinois Constitution, when a vacancy occurs, it must be filled by appointment within 30 days. If
1150-478: The Graemere Hotel opened in East Garfield Park. Located on the northeast corner of Homan Avenue and Washington Boulevard, across from Garfield Park, the building was designed by Walter W. Ahlschlager . The hotel soon became a favorite venue for weddings, bar mitzvahs, and other social gatherings. Wealthy people who enjoyed the convenience of hotel living became permanent residents. The most prominent of these
1200-487: The House districts would be based on population. House members continued to be elected by cumulative voting, three from each House district. With the adoption of the 1970 Illinois Constitution , the system of separate House and Senate districts was eliminated, and legislative districts were apportioned on a one person, one vote basis. The state was divided into 59 legislative districts, each of which elected one senator and three representatives. The cumulative voting system
1250-602: The Illinois General Assembly–– in the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Senate, respectively. The Illinois General Assembly was created by the first state constitution adopted in 1818. Initially, the state did not have organized political parties, but the Democratic and Whig parties began to form in the 1830s. Future U.S. President Abraham Lincoln successfully campaigned as
1300-488: The Midwest Community Council and Fifth City Development Project. More recently, the future of East Garfield Park is uncertain. The stagnation of yesteryear is apparent despite a strong working class core which has remained in place and active in churches and a confederation of block clubs. But efforts to reinvent and energize the community continue. In 2018, the community's chamber of commerce drafted
1350-547: The Sears YMCA. Following World War II , East Garfield Park experienced further declines in growth. Older housing stock deteriorated and neighborhood residents were displaced due to the construction of the Congress Street (now Eisenhower) Expressway . The expressway passes east and west through the southern portion of the community. As industry depended less on rail service and more on truck transportation using
1400-701: The age of 19, 23.90% from 20 to 34, 19.20% from 35 to 49, 16.50% from 50 to 64, and 11.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.4, just below the Chicago median age, which was 34.8. The median household income for the area was $ 23,067 as opposed to $ 62,097 for the city. The area's residents were disproportionately lower income with 52.0% of residents earned less than $ 25,000, 21.8% of residents earned between $ 25,000 and $ 49,999, 9.8% earned between $ 50,000 and $ 74,999, 5.4% earned between $ 75,000 and $ 99,999, 6.6% earned between $ 100,000 and $ 149,999, 4.4% earned $ 150,000 or more. There were 7,447 residents in
1450-540: The area, with the Russian Jews being the third largest group. Black residents, constituting 3 percent of the population at the time, were concentrated in the northwestern corner of the community. In the 1920s, a prosperous commercial strip on Madison Street, anchored at Kedzie Avenue, emerged and provided a generation or more of residents with goods and services until competition from a regional shopping center at Madison and Pulaski Road drew customers away. In 1923,
1500-446: The businesses along Madison as well as the area's commercial vitality. The city's main answer to the neighborhood's decline was to demolish scores of blighted buildings in a bid to improve public safety. By 1970, East Garfield Park suffered from stagnation and apathy. The commercial base of the community waned and the all-important Merchant's Bank at Kedzie and Madison closed, leaving only a small bank supported by area employer Sears at
1550-469: The changes the governor suggests in an amendatory veto, these changes can be approved by a simple majority vote in both chambers. If the General Assembly approves an amended law in response to the governor's changes, the bill becomes law once the governor certifies that the suggested changes have been made. By statute, the General Assembly has the power to block regulations, including emergency regulations, proposed by state administrative agencies. This power
Garfield Park - Misplaced Pages Continue
1600-652: The community area's southern end. In 1973, Sears moved to the Sears Tower and most of the North Lawndale facility was vacated. In 1978, the once beautiful and busy Graemere Hotel located in the East Garfield Park community was torn down. Community spirit rose quickly after the 1983 mayoral election and aldermanic elections brought increased community participation in its wake. A demand for improved city services accompanied more citizen involvement, led by community groups and block clubs . Especially active were
1650-435: The increase in economic activity and settled in the community. By 1900, East Garfield Park was a growing residential community, with first and second generation Irish and some Germans living in brick cottages, two-flats and older frame structures. The housing built throughout the community represented a lesson well-learned from the 1871 Chicago Fire as brick and stone structures predominated. In 1905, Sears, Roebuck built
1700-479: The labor force. In 2019, 18.4% of workers were employed in the healthcare industry, 10.0% were employed in retail, 12.5% were employed in administration, 8.9% worked in education, and 9.7% worked in hospitality and food services. The area had an unemployment rate of 19.0% during the analysis period. Nearly 20% of the neighborhood is managed by the Chicago Park District , with Garfield Park occupying
1750-409: The new expressways, many companies moved out of the city. In East Garfield Park, this trend was reflected in the gradual disappearance of the neighborhood's warehouse and manufacturing buildings. Industrial activities within East Garfield Park declined despite the presence of a large working class population, reflecting business choices to relocate where lower costs made operations more profitable. In
1800-607: The northwest corner of the neighborhood. The neighborhood is home to the Garfield Park Conservatory , one of the largest conservatories in the United States. The East Garfield Park community area has supported the Democratic Party in the past two presidential elections by overwhelming margins. In the 2016 presidential election , the East Garfield Park cast 6,690 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 141 votes for Donald Trump (96.22% to 2.03%). In
1850-529: The number of votes cast for that office in the area that each committee member represents. The appointment process was unsuccessfully challenged before the Illinois Supreme Court in 1988 as an unconstitutional grant of state power to political parties, but the challenge failed. The governor can veto bills passed by the General Assembly in four different ways: a full veto, an amendatory veto, and, for appropriations only, an item veto and
1900-423: The power to temporarily block or suspend administrative regulations for 180 days in 1980. In September 2004, the General Assembly expanded this temporary suspension power into a permanent veto. As the Illinois Constitution does not provide for a legislative veto , the constitutionality of this arrangement has been questioned. Among the charges brought against Governor Rod Blagojevich in his 2009 impeachment trial
1950-422: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Garfield Park . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garfield_Park&oldid=983317152 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2000-647: The south, Hamlin Avenue and Independence Boulevard to the west, and Rockwell Street to the east. East Garfield Park, along with all of Chicago, lies on the ancestral lands of indigenous tribes, including the Council of Three Fires —comprising the Ojibwe , Odawa and Potawatomi Nations—and the Miami , Ho-Chunk , Menominee , Sac , Fox , Kickapoo and Illinois Nations. On May 28, 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed
2050-527: The supervision of the governor . Since the adoption of the current Illinois Constitution in 1970, the Lieutenant Governor of Illinois does not serve in any legislative capacity as Senate President, and has had its office's powers transferred to other capacities. The Illinois Auditor General is a legislative officer appointed by the General Assembly that reviews all state spending for legality. The General Assembly's first official working day
Garfield Park - Misplaced Pages Continue
2100-445: The two years preceding their election or appointment a resident of the district which they represent. In the general election following a redistricting, a candidate for any chamber of the General Assembly may be elected from any district which contains a part of the district in which they resided at the time of the redistricting and reelected if a resident of the new district they represents for 18 months prior to reelection. Members of
2150-551: The unwillingness of downstate Illinois to cede power to the growing Chicago area, the district boundaries were not redrawn from 1901 to 1955. After voters approved the Legislative Apportionment Amendment in 1954, there were 58 Senate districts and 59 House districts, which did not necessarily coincide. This new arrangement was conceived as a "little federal" system: the Senate districts would be based on land area and would favor downstate, while
2200-633: Was abolished by the Cutback Amendment in 1980. Since then, the House has been elected from 118 single-member districts, which are formed by dividing each of the 59 Senate districts in half. Each senator is " associated " with two representatives. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to a two-year term without term limits . Members of the Illinois Senate serve two four-year terms and one two-year term each decade. This ensures that Senate elections reflect changes made when
2250-426: Was annexed to the city by the state legislature . At the same time, the state legislature created three West Side parks, including a vast, 182-acre tract in the northwestern corner of the community, designated Central Park and later renamed to Garfield Park in 1885 to honor slain president James Garfield. Land speculators invested in the land adjacent to the park, and the horse-drawn car line on Madison Street
2300-597: Was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives , becoming the first woman to serve in the Illinois General Assembly. Future U.S. President Barack Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996, serving there until 2004 when he was elected to the United States Senate . The size of the General Assembly has changed over time. The first General Assembly , elected in 1818, consisted of 14 senators and 28 representatives. Under
2350-496: Was extended to the park. Wealthy Chicagoans, attracted by the park, built their homes along Washington Boulevard as well as in a small tract located between Kedzie and Central Park Avenue, Jackson Boulevard and Madison Street. Despite this momentum, it was not until the period from 1885 to 1914 that the community developed more rapidly. Triggers for growth included the completion of the Lake Street and Garfield Park branches of
2400-645: Was longtime West Side congressman Adolph Sabath . In a pattern common to many other areas, however, the growth in the community and other factors led some of the area's most affluent and some of its middle class residents to move to the suburbs, such as Oak Park and Maywood on the city's western boundary. A dip in the population was noticeable after 1930 as the total of 63,000 decreased to 58,000 in 1934. By 1940, overcrowded, substandard housing, along with increased social problems, typified community life. Vice, crime, juvenile delinquency and gangs increased, challenging social service agencies such as Marillac House and
2450-653: Was moved to the former Ryerson building, which became the new Ward Elementary building; both school populations merged into one. There were members of the Ryerson community who were afraid that the Ward community would cause violent incidents at their school. In addition Urban Prep Academies operates the East Garfield Park Campus. Providence St. Mel School , a private school, is in East Garfield Park. Two of Chicago Transit Authority 's train lines ,
2500-565: Was no exception to that transformation. By 1960, East Garfield Park demographics had changed considerably from earlier years, with black residents constituting 62 percent of the population. New Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants had also joined the neighborhood, although the Italians remained the largest immigrant population in the area. In 1968, rioting in the aftermath of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination destroyed almost all of
#988011