A garland is a decorative braid , knot or wreath of flowers, leaves, or other material. Garlands can be worn on the head or around the neck, hung on an inanimate object, or laid in a place of cultural or religious importance.
41-780: A garland is a type of decoration. Garland may also refer to: Garland From the French guirlande , itself from the Italian ghirlanda , a braid . In countries of the Indian subcontinent , such as India and Pakistan, people may place garland around the necks of guests of honour, as a way of showing respect to them. Garlands are worn by the bridegroom in South Asian weddings. Garlands were historically purely secular at first, sought for their fragrance and beauty and used for decorating houses, roads, and streets. It
82-482: A national church which is not established (as the official religion of the nation), but is nonetheless recognised under civil law as being the country's acknowledged religious denomination. Whilst these are not Christian states, the official Christian national church is likely to have certain residual state functions in relation to state occasions and ceremonial. Examples include Scotland ( Church of Scotland ) and Sweden ( Church of Sweden ). A national church typically has
123-408: A secular state with guaranteed religious freedom . However, Orthodox Christians with 6,079,396 adherents comprise 84.5% of the country's population. The Serbian Orthodox Church is the largest traditional church of the country, adherents of which are overwhelmingly Serbs . The SOC directly or indirectly has cultural influence on both the decisions and positions of the state . Tonga became
164-674: A Christian state under George Tupou I in the 19th century, with the Free Wesleyan Church , a member of the World Methodist Council , being established as the country's state Church. Under the rule of George Tupou I, there was established a "rigorous constitutional clause regulating observation of the Sabbath ". The Church of Tuvalu , a Calvinist church in the Congregationalist tradition,
205-672: A Christian state. In the Middle Ages , efforts were made in order to establish a Pan-Christianity state by uniting the countries within Christendom . Christian nationalism played a role in this era in which Christians felt the impulse to also recover those territories in which Christianity historically flourished, such as the Holy Land and North Africa. The First Great Awakening , American Revolution , and Second Great Awakening caused two rounds of disestablishment among
246-539: A Christmas tree. Christian countries A Christian state is a country that recognizes a form of Christianity as its official religion and often has a state church (also called an established church ), which is a Christian denomination that supports the government and is supported by the government. Historically, the nations of Aksum , Armenia , Makuria , and the Holy Roman Empire have declared themselves as Christian states, as well as
287-674: A broadly Christian character" that is widely flouted. The Church of the Faroe Islands is the state church of Faroe Islands . Georgia is one of the oldest Christian states. Article 8 of Georgian Constitution and the Concordat of 2002 grants the Georgian Orthodox Church special privileges, which include legal immunity to the Patriarch of Georgia . The Orthodox Church is the most trusted institution in
328-654: A decree went out in 1739 ordering that "Elementary schooling for all Norwegian children became mandatory, so that all Norwegians should be able to read the Bible and the Lutheran Catechism firsthand." The modern Constitution of Norway stipulates that " The Church of Norway , an Evangelical-Lutheran church, will remain the Established Church of Norway and will as such be supported by the State." As such,
369-575: A unique garland: The tradition of garlanding statues as a sign of respect extends to respected non-divine beings, including ancient King Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II and the innovative colonial administrator Mark Cubbon . A reference to a garland is found in the Nepalese national anthem, Sayaun Thunga Phulka . The first line reads, "Woven from hundreds of flowers, we are one garland that's Nepali." In Christian countries , garlands are often used as Christmas decorations , such as being wrapped around
410-567: Is "officially headed by the queen of Denmark". Furthermore, clergy "in the Church of Denmark are civil servants employed by the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs" and the "economic base of the Church of Denmark is state-collected church taxes combined with a direct state subsidiary (12%), which symbolically covers the expenses of the Church of Denmark to run the civil registration and the burial system for all citizens." Barbara Yorke writes that
451-463: Is a department of the state. Church affairs are governed by a central government ministry, while clergy are government employees. The registration of births, deaths and marriages falls under this ministry of church affairs, and normally speaking the local Lutheran pastor is also the official registrar. Over 82% of the population of Denmark are members of the Lutheran Church of Denmark, which
SECTION 10
#1732772413593492-691: Is eventually applied to Hindu deities as an important and traditional role in every festival where these garlands are made using different fragrant flowers (often jasmine ) and leaves. Both fragrant and non-fragrant flowers and religiously-significant leaves are used to make garlands to worship Hindu deities. Some popular flowers include: Apart from these, leaves and grasses like arugampul , maruvakam, davanam , maachi, paneer leaves, lavancha are also used for making garlands. Fruit, vegetables, and sometimes even currency notes are also used for garlands, given as thanksgiving . Wedding ceremonies in India include
533-796: Is much lower, standing at 65% of the population in 2021. Samoa became a Christian state in 2017. Article 1 of the Samoan Constitution states that “Samoa is a Christian nation founded of God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit”. Serbia as a territory became a Christian state during the time of Constantine the Great in Christianization of Eastern Roman Empire , according to the research and discoveries of artifacts left by
574-624: Is the state church of Tuvalu and was established as such in 1991. The Constitution of Tuvalu identifies Tuvalu as "an independent State based on Christian principles". Vatican City is a Christian state, in which the " Pope is ex officio simultaneously leader of the Catholic Church as well as Head of State and Head of the Government of the State of the Vatican City; he also possesses ( de jure ) absolute authority over
615-482: The Faroes ), England , Georgia , Greece , Hungary , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Malta , Monaco , Norway , Samoa , Serbia , Tonga , Tuvalu , Vatican City , and Zambia . A Christian state stands in contrast to a secular state , an atheist state , or another religious state, such as a Jewish state , or an Islamic state . The Armenian Apostolic Church church puts its founding at 301, with
656-577: The House of Lords . In characteristically British fashion, where the state is representative of civil society, it was Parliament that determined, in the Act of Establishment, that the monarch had to be Anglican . Christian religious education is taught to children in primary and secondary schools in the United Kingdom. English schools have a legal requirement for a daily act of collective worship "of
697-630: The Hungarian Constitution of 2011 describes Hungary as "part of Christian Europe" and acknowledges "the role of Christianity in preserving nationhood", while Article VII provides that "the State shall cooperate with the Churches for community goals". However, the constitution also guarantees freedom of religion and separation of church and state. Around AD 1000, Iceland became a Christian state . The Encyclopedia of Protestantism states that: The majority of Icelanders are members of
738-741: The Illyrians , Triballi and other kindred tribes. More research has since been made that perhaps prove the existence of Serbs living in the Balkans during Roman times in Ilyria . In the centuries that followed from the fourth- to the 12th-century, when Catholic Church was in a battleground between Serbia due the Eastern Orthodox Church , Serbia prevailed as Orthodox Christian state under his jurisdiction through Saint Sava . Serbia as modern state, defines in his constitution as
779-705: The Kingdom of Denmark , the Church of Denmark is the established church of Greenland through the Constitution of Denmark : The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State. This applies to all of the Kingdom of Denmark, except for the Faroe Islands , as the Church of the Faroe Islands became independent in 2007. The preamble to
820-617: The President of the Republic must be a Roman Catholic. In Armenia Christianity is the state religion and the Armenian Apostolic Church is the national church . Armenia is the first country who recognised Christianity as a state religion. The constitution of Costa Rica states that "The Catholic and Apostolic Religion is the religion of the State". As such, Catholic Christian holy days are recognized by
861-946: The Roman Empire and its continuation the Byzantine Empire , the Russian Empire , the Spanish Empire , the British Empire , the Portuguese Empire , and the Frankish Empire , the Belgian colonial empire , the French empire . Today, several nations officially identify themselves as Christian states or have state churches. These countries include Argentina , Armenia , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Denmark (incl. Greenland and
SECTION 20
#1732772413593902-479: The " Carolingian Renaissance heightened appreciation within England of the role of king and church in a Christian state." As such, Since the 1701 Act of Establishment , England's official state church has been the Church of England , the monarch being its supreme governor and ' defender of the faith '. He , together with Parliament, has a say in appointing bishops , twenty-six of whom have ex officio seats in
943-457: The "Norwegian constitution decrees that Lutheranism is the official religion of the State and that the King is the supreme temporal head of the Church." The administration of the Church "is shared between the Ministry for Church, Education and Research centrally and municipal authorities locally", and the Church of Norway "depends on state and local taxes". The Church of Norway is responsible for
984-597: The "authorities of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church have the duty to teach which principles are right and which are wrong" and that "religious teaching of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Faith shall be provided in all State schools as part of compulsory education". Article 9 of the Constitution of Monaco describes " La religion catholique, apostolique et romaine [the catholic, apostolic and Roman religion]" as
1025-576: The "maintenance of church buildings and cemeteries". In the mid-20th century, the vast majority of Norwegians participated in the Lutheran Church. According to a 1957 description, "[o]ver 90 percent of the population are married by state church clergymen, have their children baptized and confirmed , and finally are buried with a church service." However, current membership in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Norway
1066-549: The Minister of Education. Liechtenstein 's constitution designates the Catholic Church as being the state Church of that country. In public schools, per article 16 of the Constitution of Liechtenstein , religious education is given by Church authorities. Section Two of the Constitution of Malta specifies the state's religion as being the Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion. It holds that
1107-440: The bride and groom wearing a wedding garland. On other occasions, garlands are given as a sign of respect to an individual person or to a divine image . A gajra is a flower garland which women in India and Bangladesh wear in their hair during traditional festivals. It is commonly made with jasmine . It can be worn around a bun, as well as in braids. Women usually wear these when they wear sarees . Sometimes, they are pinned in
1148-412: The conservation of nadavanams that belonged to the " Big Temple ". Marigold and nitya kalyani garlands are used only for corpses in burial rituals. At social functions, garlands are used to denote the host. At Srirangam Ranganathar temple , only garlands made by temple sattharars ( brahmacaris employed for garland-making) are used to adorn the deity Ranganatha . Garland and flowers from outside
1189-589: The conversion of Tiridates and declaration of Christianity as the official state religion, although the date is disputed. In 380, three Roman emperors issued the Edict of Thessalonica ( Cunctos populos ), making the Roman Empire a Christian state, and establishing Nicene Christianity , in the form of its State Church , as its official religion. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in
1230-743: The country and its head, Patriarch Ilia II , the most trusted person. Greece is a Christian state, with the Greek Orthodox Church playing "a dominant role in the life of the country". Mount Athos and most of the Athos peninsula are governed as an autonomous region in Greece by the monastic community of Mount Athos , which is ecclesiastically under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople . Being an autonomous constituent country within
1271-500: The government and "public schools provide religious education ", although parents are able to opt-out their children if they choose to do so. As early as the 11th century AD, "Denmark was considered to be a Christian state", with the Church of Denmark , a member of the Lutheran World Federation , being the state church. Prof. Wasif Shadid, of Leiden University , writes that: The Lutheran established church
Garland (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-753: The hair with other flowers, such as roses. In ancient times, Tamil kings employed people to manufacture garlands daily for a particular deity. These garlands were not available for public consumption. In contemporary times, each Hindu temple in southern India has a nandavanam (flower garden) where flowers and trees for garlands are grown. Large Shiva temples like Thillai Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram , Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur , and Arunachaleswara Temple , and those found in Thiruvannamalai still preserve such nandavanams for supplying flowers for daily rituals. Stone inscriptions of Rajaraja I at Thanjavur gives details of patronage bestowed by royals to
1353-512: The history of the Church began when not just localised communities but nations became Christian. The stage is associated with the conversion of Constantine and the beginnings of a Christian Empire, but the Byzantine Emperor was not the first ruler to lead his people into Christianity, thus setting up the first Christian state. That honour traditionally goes to the church of Armenia. As a Christian state, Armenia "embraced Christianity as
1394-660: The late 5th century, the Eastern Roman Empire under the emperor Justinian (reigned 527–565), became the world's predominant Christian state, based on Roman law, Greek culture, and the Greek language." In this Christian state, in which nearly all of its subjects upheld faith in Jesus, an "enormous amount of artistic talent was poured into the construction of churches, church ceremonies, and church decoration". John Binns describes this era, writing that: A new stage in
1435-438: The legislative, executive and judicial branches." Jeroen Temperman, a professor of international law at Erasmus University Rotterdam writes that: Zambia is officially a Christian state as well, though the legal ramifications clearly do not compare to the latter state. The Preamble of the Constitution of Zambia establishes Zambia as a Christian state without specifying "Christian" denominationally. It simply proclaims: "We,
1476-543: The people of Zambia...declare the Republic a Christian nation..." As far as state practice is concerned, it may be pointed out that the Government maintains relations with the Zambian Council of Churches and requires Christianity to be taught in the public school curriculum. After "Zambia declared itself a Christian nation in 1991", "the nation's vice president urged citizens to 'have a Christian orientation in all fields, at all levels'." A number of countries have
1517-485: The religion of the King, the nobles, and the people". In 326, according to official tradition of the Georgian Orthodox Church, following the conversion of Mirian and Nana , the country of Georgia became a Christian state, the Emperor Constantine the Great sending clerics for baptising people. In the 4th century, in the Kingdom of Aksum , after Ezana 's conversion to the faith, this empire also became
1558-486: The religion of the state. Church and state were formally separated in 2017 after a change to the constitution in 2012. A timeline for the relationship between church and state is provided on the Norwegian Government's official website. Cole Durham and Tore Sam Lindholm, writing in 2013, stated that "For a period of one thousand years Norway has been a kingdom with a Christian state church " and that
1599-615: The state church. Almost all children are baptized as Lutheran and more than 90 percent are subsequently confirmed . The church conducts 75 percent of all marriages and 99 percent of all funerals. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Iceland is a member of the Lutheran World Federation and the World Council of Churches . All public schools have mandatory education in Christianity , although an exemption may be considered by
1640-557: The states of the new United States , from 1776 to 1833. Article 2 of the Constitution of Argentina explicitly states that "the Federal Government supports the Roman Catholic Apostolic Faith" and Article 14 guarantees freedom of religion . Although it enforces neither an official nor a state faith, it gives Catholic Christianity a preferential status. Before its 1994 amendment , the Constitution stated that
1681-486: The temple grounds are forbidden. Sattarars have several disciplinary rules for many aspects of their profession, some of which include: While making garlands, the sattarars keep flowers and other materials on a table in order to keep them away from the feet, which are traditionally viewed as unclean and unfit for use in a religious context. Material is always kept above hip level. South Indian garlands are of different types. Some of them are as follows: Each Hindu deity has