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72-478: In addition to serving most of the southern portions of the city of Rosemead, the Garvey School District serves parts of the cities of Monterey Park and San Gabriel , as well as part of the unincorporated Los Angeles County community of South San Gabriel . Monterey Vista and Hillcrest Elementary schools are located in the city of Monterey Park, while Dewey Avenue Elementary school is located in

144-442: A film . A play adaptation has been performed annually outdoors since 1923. The novel's influence on the culture and image of Southern California was considerable. Its sentimental portrayal of Mexican elite colonial life contributed to establishing a unique cultural identity for the region. As its publication coincided with the arrival of railroad lines in the region, tourists used trains to visit sites thought to be associated with

216-490: A "Ramona monument" at her gravesite. The Ramona Pageant was a play adapted from the novel. It was staged outdoors, beginning in 1923 in Hemet . The pageant has been held there annually since. Most historians believe that the fictional Moreno Ranch is an amalgamation of various locations and was not intended to represent a single place. As Carey McWilliams said in his book Southern California Country (1946): Because of

288-453: A 17,000 square feet (1,600 m ) neighborhood convenience center. Anchor tenant CVS Pharmacy brings a full-service drug store back to the downtown project, and the center includes a Subway sandwich shop. The 507,000-square-foot (47,100 m ) Monterey Park Marketplace is the largest shopping center in the city. Located along the Pomona (60) Freeway west of Paramount Boulevard, this center

360-470: A decadent culture of leisure and recreation among the elite Latinos, who held huge tracts of land, lived in a region with prevailing mild weather and unusually fertile soil, and relied heavily on Native American laborers. The new settlers favored the Protestant work ethic . This view was not universal, however. Many American settlers and readers in other regions were taken by Jackson's portrayal of

432-485: A household in the city was $ 40,724, and the median income for a family was $ 43,507. Males had a median income of $ 32,463 versus $ 29,057 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,661. About 12.4% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. These were the ten neighborhoods in Los Angeles County with

504-537: A library containing over 1000 books. The grounds are open to the public for free astronomical observation on Wednesday evenings from 7:30PM – 10:00PM, hosted by LAAS members. Built in 1929, Jardin El Encanto, otherwise known as "El Encanto", is a Spanish-style building located at 700 El Mercado. The building, originally the sales office for Midwick Estates, was once a USO center and speakeasy. The city of Monterey Park has its own police and fire departments serving

576-678: A permanent community that is not threatened by encroachment of American settlers. They finally move into the San Bernardino Mountains . Alessandro slowly loses his mind, due to the forced relocations. He loves Ramona fiercely, and regrets having taken her away from relative comfort with Moreno. Their daughter, whose Native American name means "Eyes of the Sky", dies because an American doctor would not go to their homestead to treat her. They have another daughter, whom they name Ramona, but Alessandro still suffers. One day he rides off with

648-477: A result, many sites across Southern California tried to emphasize their Ramona connections. Jackson died without having specified locations for her novel. Two places claimed to have inspired her work: Rancho Camulos , near Piru , and Rancho Guajome in Vista , as she had visited both before writing her novel. Camulos became the most accepted "Home of Ramona" due to several factors. The description of Moreno Ranch

720-508: Is "Pride in the past, Faith in the future". Monterey Park is part of a cluster of cities (Alhambra, Arcadia , Temple City , Rosemead, San Marino , and San Gabriel in the west San Gabriel Valley) with a growing Asian American population. According to the 2010 Census , the city had a total population of 60,269. Monterey Park has consistently ranked as one of the country's best places to live due to its good schools, growing economy, and central location. For at least seven thousand years

792-754: Is a 45-acre regional shopping center for the San Gabriel Valley. In 2017, Monterey Park was recognized as "America's Best Places to Live 2017" ranked at #3 by Money magazine and three local news TV stations. It also ranked at #2 in Money Magazine's "The 10 Best Places in America to Raise a Family". On January 21, 2023, a mass shooting occurred at a dance studio in the city, after a Chinese New Year celebration where twenty people were shot, killing eleven of them, and injuring nine others. The gunman, identified as 72-year-old Huu Can Tran, fled and

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864-759: Is an American novel written by Helen Hunt Jackson . Set in Southern California after the Mexican–American War and annexation of the territory by the United States, Ramona explores the life of a mixed-race Scottish – Native American orphan girl. The story was inspired by the marriage of Hugo Reid and Victoria Reid . Originally serialized weekly in the Christian Union , the novel became immensely popular. It has had more than 300 printings, and has been adapted five times as

936-430: Is anchored by a multi-plex theater and a fitness center, in addition to eating establishments and other stores. The development includes 210 condos on the third through sixth floors. Monterey Park Village is a 40,000 sq. ft. shopping center on South Atlantic Boulevard commercial corridor. Tenants include: Staples, Walgreens and Togo’s eatery. The CVS Center on South Garfield Avenue is a redevelopment of infill site into

1008-498: Is free to marry his choice.) They have several children together. Their favorite is Ramona, daughter of Alessandro. Jackson wrote Ramona three years after A Century of Dishonor , her non-fiction study of the mistreatment of Native Americans in the United States . By following that history with a novel, she sought to portray the Indian experience "in a way to move people's hearts." She wanted to arouse public opinion and concern for

1080-744: Is in California's 28th congressional district , represented by Democrat Judy Chu . Chu previously served as mayor and city council member of Monterey Park. East Los Angeles College is located in Monterey Park in an area that was once part of East Los Angeles . California State University, Los Angeles is in proximity. Alhambra Unified School District , Garvey School District , Los Angeles Unified School District , and Montebello Unified School District serve different areas of Monterey Park. K-8 schools serving AUSD in Monterey Park include: Ramona Ramona ( 1884 )

1152-622: Is located in Monterey Park. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Monrovia Health Center in Monrovia , serving Monterey Park. In the state legislature Monterey Park is located in the 22nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Susan Rubio , and in the 49th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Mike Fong . In the United States House of Representatives , Monterey Park

1224-644: Is similar to the historic Rancho Camulos. Influential writers, such as George Wharton James and Charles Fletcher Lummis , avowed that it was so. When the Southern Pacific Railroad opened its main Ventura County line in 1887, it had a stop at Camulos. With the company engaged in a rate war, the trip to Camulos became relatively easy and affordable for visitors. Finally, the Del Valle family of Camulos welcomed tourists: they exploited

1296-773: The Spanish missions in California , which she romanticized. The story's fictional vision of Franciscan churchmen, señoritas and caballeros permeated the novel and captured the imaginations of readers. Her novel characterized the Americans as villains and the Native Americans as " noble savages ". Many American migrants to California were biased against the Mexicans who lived there. The new settlers from northern and midwestern states disparaged what they considered

1368-653: The 1980s, Monterey Park was referred to as "Little Taipei " or "The Chinese Beverly Hills". Frederic Hsieh, a local realtor who bought land in Monterey Park and sold it to newly arrived immigrants, is credited with engendering Monterey Park's Chinese American community. Many businesses from the Chinatown in downtown LA began to open up stores in Monterey Park. In the 1970s and 1980s, many affluent waisheng ren Taiwanese immigrants moved abroad from Taiwan and began settling into Monterey Park. Mandarin Chinese became

1440-578: The 1980s, the second generation Chinese Americans generally moved out of the old Chinatown and into the San Gabriel Valley suburbs, joining the new immigrants from Taiwan and mainland China. From that time, with a combined influx of Vietnamese, Taiwanese and Hong Kong immigrant students at the time, Mark Keppel High School , constructed during the New Deal era and located in Alhambra , but also serving most of Monterey Park and portions of Rosemead , felt

1512-535: The 19th century. By sixty years after its publication, 600,000 copies had been sold. There have been more than 300 reissues to date and the book has never been out of print. Subtle racism may have contributed to the popularity of the character of Ramona and the novel. Of mixed race, she was described as beautiful, with black hair and blue eyes. Errol Wayne Stevens, of the California Historical Society , notes several contemporary reviews of

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1584-759: The California-Mexican society. Readers accepted the Californio aristocracy as portrayed and the Ramona myth was born. Ramona was immensely popular almost immediately upon its publication in 1884, with more than 15,000 copies sold in the ten months before Jackson's death in 1885. One year after her death, the North American Review called it "unquestionably the best novel yet produced by an American woman" and named it, along with Uncle Tom's Cabin , as one of two most ethical novels of

1656-615: The East Side organization to bring industry to the East Side, and his residential and commercial development projects along Atlantic Boulevard (Gardens Square, Golden Gate Square, and the Midwick View Estates) were a major influence to the surrounding communities. The focal point of the Midwick View Estates was "Jardin del Encanto", otherwise known as "El Encanto," a Spanish style building that was to serve as

1728-681: The Garvey school district the site chosen for a new Rosemead high school by the Alhambra Union High School District . Monterey Park, California Monterey Park is a city in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California , United States, approximately seven miles (11 km) east of the Downtown Los Angeles civic center. It is bordered by Alhambra , East Los Angeles , Montebello and Rosemead . The city's motto

1800-521: The administration building and community center for Midwick View Estates. The development also included an observation terrace above Jardin del Encanto and the fountain with cascading water going down the hillside in stepped pools to De La Fuente. Now known as Heritage Falls Park or "the Cascades." The Great Depression brought an abrupt end to the real estate boom, as well as the Midwick proposal. From

1872-428: The area. The community voted itself into cityhood on May 29, 1916, by a vote of 455 to 33. The city's new board of directors immediately outlawed sewage plants within city boundaries and named the new city Monterey Park. The name was taken from an old government map showing the oak-covered hills of the area as Monterey Hills. In 1920, a large area on the south edge of the city broke away and the separate city of Montebello

1944-722: The arrival of the Spaniards, Old World diseases killed off many of the Tongva, and by 1870 very few Native-Americans had survived. In the early 19th century the area was part of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel mission system and later the Rancho San Antonio . Following the Civil War , an Italian, Alessandro Repetto, purchased 5,000 acres (20 km ) of the rancho and built his ranch house on

2016-536: The association in marketing their products, labeling their oranges and wine as "The Home of Ramona" brand . In contrast, Guajome did not publicly become associated with Ramona until an 1894 article in Rural Californian made the claim. However, as the house was nearly four miles (6 km) from the nearest Santa Fe Railroad station, getting there was not so easy. Additionally, the Couts family, who owned

2088-416: The betterment of their plight, much as Harriet Beecher Stowe 's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin had done for enslaved African Americans. Her success in this effort was limited. Jackson intended Ramona to appeal directly to the reader's emotions. The novel's political criticism was clear, but most readers were moved by its romantic vision of colonial California under Mexican rule. Jackson had become enamored of

2160-522: The city of San Gabriel. All other schools in the district are located in the city of Rosemead. Students from the Garvey School District feed into the high schools of the Alhambra Unified School District , primarily to San Gabriel High School , but also to Mark Keppel High School . Enrollment in the Garvey School District has been in decline for several years. As a result, several elementary schools have closed. Circa 1985

2232-655: The city. According to the city's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Monterey Park is home to the Garvey Ranch Observatory, located in Garvey Ranch Park, which is operated by the Los Angeles Astronomical Society (LAAS). It adjoins a historical museum, a classroom, and a workshop. The observatory houses an 8-inch (200 mm) refractor , a telescope making workshop, and

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2304-454: The city. Monterey Park City Municipal Elections were held every two years in odd numbered years, on the first Tuesday in March until the 2017 election. Effective with the 2020 California Primary election, City Council elections will be held on even-numbered years on a Tuesday after the first Monday in March. Five Council Members serve four year terms with overlapping terms in bi-annual elections:

2376-435: The corner of Atlantic Boulevard and Garvey Avenue, Laura Scudder invented the first sealed bag of potato chips. In an effort to maintain quality and freshness, Laura's team would iron sheets of wax paper together to form a bag. They would fill these bags with potato chips; iron the top closed, and then deliver them to various retailers. Real estate became a thriving industry during the late 1920s with investors attracted to

2448-538: The early 1990s, Taiwanese people are no longer the majority in the city. The construction boom of shopping centers had declined, but plans for redevelopment sought to change that. High property values and overcrowding in Monterey Park have contributed to a secondary migration away from Monterey Park. Redevelopment produced several projects included the massive Atlantic Times Square development that opened in 2010 with ground-floor shops and restaurants. The Atlantic Times Square, which has 215,000 square feet (20,000 m ),

2520-495: The family, giving her every luxury. Ramona's foster mother had requested this as her dying wish. Because Ramona has partial Native American heritage, Moreno reserves her love for her only child, Felipe Moreno, whom she adores. Señora Moreno identifies as Mexican of pure Spanish ancestry. She hates Americans since the United States annexation of California following its victory in the war. They have disputed her claim to her lands, and have divided her huge rancho . Señora Moreno delays

2592-405: The first subdivision in the area, Ramona Acres (named after the developer's daughter, who would also later inspire the title of the novel Ramona ), was developed north of Garvey and east of Garfield Avenues. In 1916, the new residents of the area initiated action to become a city when the cities of Pasadena , South Pasadena , and Alhambra proposed to put a large sewage treatment facility in

2664-542: The hill overlooking his land, about a half-mile north of where Garfield Avenue crosses the Pomona Freeway, not far from where the Edison substation is now located on Garfield Avenue. In 1886, a northwestern portion of the rancho was bought by Isaias Wolf Hellman , a Bavarian-born banker and philanthropist who is the namesake of Hellman Avenue, a street that partly forms the northern boundary of Monterey Park. It

2736-522: The horse of an American, who follows him and shoots him, although he knew that Alessandro was mentally unbalanced. After being away from the Moreno ranch for two years, the young widow is found by Felipe Moreno. He brings her and her daughter Ramona back to his mother's estate. Felipe has always loved the senior Ramona and finds her more beautiful than ever. Although Ramona still loves the late Alessandro, she agrees to marry Felipe. (His mother has died, so he

2808-458: The impact of this new immigration as the student population increased dramatically, leading to overcrowding. Today, many students are second or third-generation Asian Americans. In 1988, the City of Monterey Park passed an ordinance declaring a moratorium on new building, in an attempt to regulate the rapid growth the city experienced as a result of the influx of Asian immigrants. This moratorium

2880-541: The land was populated by the Tongva ( Gabrielino ) Native Americans. The Tongva lived in dome like structures with thatched exteriors, with an open smoke hole for ventilation and light at the top. Both sexes wore long hair styles and tattooed their bodies. During warm weather the men wore few clothes, and the women wore minimal skirts made of animal hides. During the cold weather they would wear animal skin capes and occasionally wore sandals made from hide or yucca fiber. With

2952-436: The largest concentration of people of Chinese descent. The Chinese American population in Monterey Park and San Gabriel Valley is relatively diverse in socio-economics and region of origin. The city has attracted immigrants from Taiwan , as well as mainland Chinese and the overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia . There are also significant Japanese , Vietnamese and Filipino communities living within Monterey Park. While

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3024-531: The largest percentage of Asian residents , according to the 2000 census: The Chinese-dominated business district, near the intersection of Garfield Avenue and Garvey Avenue, is called "Downtown Monterey Park". In the mid-1980s, Lincoln Plaza Hotel was built to predominantly service tourists from Taiwan and Hong Kong. Monterey Park has many choices of Hong Kong fusion cafes, there are several Cantonese seafood restaurants, as well as restaurants offering mainland Chinese fare. A variety of cuisine can be found throughout

3096-440: The late 1920s, the city had little development for nearly two decades. The end of World War II resulted in a revived growth trend with explosive population gains during the late 1940s and 1950s. Until this time, the population was concentrated in the northern and southern portions of the city, with the Garvey and Monterey Hills forming a natural barrier. With the renewed growth, many new subdivisions were developed, utilizing even

3168-409: The late 1980s, immigrants from mainland China and Vietnam began moving into Monterey Park. By the 1990 census, Monterey Park became the first city with an Asian descent majority population in the continental United States. Timothy P. Fong, a professor and director of Asian American studies at California State University, Sacramento , describes Monterey Park as the "First Suburban Chinatown ". In

3240-447: The many subdivisions under development and increasing commercial opportunities. The Midwick View Estates by Peter N. Snyder, a proposed garden community that was designed to rival Bel Air and Beverly Hills . Known as the "Father of the East Side", Mr. Snyder was a key player in the vast undertaking in the 1920s of developing the East Side as part of the industrial base of Los Angeles. His efforts to build Atlantic Boulevard, his work with

3312-469: The most widely spoken language in many Chinese businesses of the city during that time, displacing Cantonese that had been common previously. Cantonese has dominated the Chinatowns of North America for decades, but Mandarin is the most common language of Chinese immigrants in the past few decades. In 1983, Lily Lee Chen became the first Chinese American woman to be elected mayor of a U.S. city. By

3384-524: The multi-generational American-born Latino population was generally declining in Monterey Park, there has been a small new influx of Mexican immigrants (about one percent increase in the population). There were 19,564 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 15.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 17.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who

3456-835: The north, Rosemead to the northeast, Montebello to the south, and unincorporated South San Gabriel to the southeast. The 2010 United States Census reported that Monterey Park had a population of 60,269. The population density was 7,793.7 inhabitants per square mile (3,009.2/km ). The racial makeup of Monterey Park was 40,301 (66.9%) Asian (47.7% Chinese, 5.8% Japanese, 4.4% Vietnamese, 1.9% Filipino, 1.3% Korean, 0.9% Thai, 0.8% Cambodian, 0.4% Burmese, 0.4% Indonesian, 0.3% Indian), 28 (0.05%) Pacific Islander , 11,680 (19.4%) White (5.0% Non-Hispanic White), 252 (0.4%) African American , 242 (0.4%) Native American , 6,022 (10.0%) from other races , and 1,744 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16,218 persons (26.9%). The Census reported that 60,039 people (99.6% of

3528-485: The novel charts the two lovers' troubles. They have a daughter, and travel around Southern California trying to find a place to settle. In the aftermath of war, Alessandro's tribe is driven off their land, marking a new wave of European-American settlement in California from the United States. They endure misery and hardship, for the Americans who buy their land also demand their houses and their farm tools. Greedy Americans drive them off several homesteads, and they cannot find

3600-488: The novel in which writers dismissed the idea that Ramona could have been part Native American, a race which they characterized as "dull, heavy and unimpressionable," and "lazy, cruel, cowardly, and covetous." Carobeth Laird , in her 1975 autobiography, Encounter with an Angry God (p. 176), describes the reaction of her Chemehuevi Indian husband to the novel: "... when I tried to read him Helen Hunt Jackson's Ramona , he grew restless, walked up and down, and finally said that

3672-487: The novel's extraordinary popularity, public perception merged fact and fiction. California historian Walton Bean wrote: The novel contributed to the unique cultural identity of Southern California and the whole of the Southwest . The architecture of the missions had recently gained national exposure and local restoration projects were just beginning. Railroad lines to Southern California were just opening and, combined with

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3744-503: The novel. In Southern California , shortly after the Mexican–American War , a Scottish-Native American orphan girl, Ramona, is raised by Señora Gonzaga Moreno, the sister of Ramona's deceased foster mother. Ramona is referred to as illegitimate in some summaries of the novel, but chapter 3 of the novel says that Ramona's parents were married by a priest in the San Gabriel Mission . Señora Moreno has raised Ramona as part of

3816-650: The population) lived in households, 41 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 189 (0.3%) were institutionalized. There were 19,963 households, out of which 6,315 (31.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,538 (52.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,243 (16.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,460 (7.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 651 (3.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 85 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 3,641 households (18.2%) were made up of individuals, and 2,025 (10.1%) had someone living alone who

3888-419: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 26,966 people (44.7%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Monterey Park had a median household income of $ 56,014, with 15.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line. According to the 2009 American Community Survey , Monterey Park is 43.7% Chinese American , and is the city in the United States with

3960-458: The previously undeveloped central area to allow for maximum growth potential. A series of annexations of surrounding land also occurred. Many veterans settled in Monterey Park and continued through the 1950s. Around this time, Japanese Americans from the West Side , Chinese Americans from Chinatown , and Latinos from East Los Angeles also began settling in the area and largely assimilated into

4032-574: The property, were not eager to have flocks of tourists on the grounds, possibly due to a falling out between author Jackson and Senora Couts. Estudillo House in Old Town San Diego identified as "Ramona's Marriage Place"; the novel said briefly that Ramona was married in San Diego. Although no record existed of Jackson's having visited there, this house became a popular tourist destination. This status continued for years. Estudillo House

4104-497: The sheep shearing, a major event on the rancho, awaiting the arrival of a group of Native Americans from Temecula , whom she always hires for that work. The head of the Native American sheep shearers is Alessandro, son of Pablo Assís, chief of the tribe. Alessandro is portrayed as tall, wise, honest, and piously Catholic. Señora Moreno also awaits a priest, Father Salvierderra, from Santa Barbara . He will hear confessions of

4176-524: The small-town suburban culture. Beginning in the 1970s, middle-class ethnic Asian Americans and Asian immigrants began settling in the west San Gabriel Valley , primarily to Monterey Park. The City Council of Monterey Park subsequently tried and failed to pass English-only ordinances. In 1985 the Council approved drafting of a proposal that would require all businesses in Monterey Park to display English language identification on business signs. In

4248-830: The three seats elected in one election and two seats in the next election, at which time the City Clerk and City Treasurer are also elected. The current elected officials are: This is a list of Monterey Park mayors by year. Centennial Monument in front of City Hall lists all Mayors from 1916 - 2016 In the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors , Monterey Park is in the First District, represented by Hilda Solis . The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department had its central headquarters in Monterey Park. The Edmund D. Edelman Children's Court , Sybil Brand Institute, Central Juvenile District, (Dependency)

4320-461: The white woman knew nothing about Indians." Jackson was disappointed that she was unable to raise public concerns about the struggles of Indians in California, as readers were attracted to the romantic vision of Californio society. Historian Antoinette May argues in her book The Annotated Ramona (1989), that the popularity of the novel contributed to Congress passing the Dawes Act in 1887. This

4392-483: The workers and celebrate mass with them in her chapel after the shearing, before they return to Temecula. Alessandro quickly falls in love with Ramona and agrees to stay on at the Rancho. In time, Ramona also falls in love with Alessandro. Señora Moreno opposes the marriage, as she does not want Ramona to marry a Native American. Realizing that Señora Moreno has never loved her, Ramona elopes with Alessandro. The rest of

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4464-422: Was 43.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males. There were 20,850 housing units at an average density of 2,696.2 units per square mile (1,041.0 units/km ), of which 11,058 (55.4%) were owner-occupied, and 8,905 (44.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 33,073 people (54.9% of

4536-422: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01. There were 15,241 families (76.3% of all households); the average family size was 3.37. The population was spread out, with 10,932 people (18.1%) under the age of 18, 5,180 people (8.6%) aged 18 to 24, 15,597 people (25.9%) aged 25 to 44, 16,904 people (28.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,656 people (19.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

4608-452: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.43. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males. The median income for

4680-587: Was at this time, Richard Garvey, a mail rider for the U.S. Army whose route took him through Monterey Pass, a trail that is now Garvey Avenue , settled down in the King's Hills. Garvey began developing the land by bringing in spring water from near the Hondo River and by constructing a 54-foot-high (16 m) dam to form Garvey Lake located where Garvey Ranch Park is now. To pay for his development and past debts, Garvey began selling portions of his property. In 1906,

4752-486: Was challenged and defeated in 1989. This controversial move caused many Asian residents and businesses to shift focus, establishing themselves in the neighboring city of Alhambra . When the potential loss of business revenue was recognized, "Monterey Park went through a lot of upheaval that a lot of people regret," and relocation back to Monterey Park was highly encouraged in the Asian American community. Since

4824-504: Was entitled "Casa Estudillo/Ramona's Marriage Place". Other notable Ramona landmarks included "Ramona's Birthplace", a small adobe near Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , and the grave of Ramona Lubo on the Ramona Band of Cahuilla Indians reservation. Writer George Wharton James called Lubo the "real Ramona". Her life bore some resemblance to that of the fictional Ramona. Sixteen years after Lubo's death, in 1938 local people erected

4896-569: Was established. By 1920, the white and Spanish-surname settlers were joined by Asian residents who began farming potatoes and flowers and developing nurseries in the Monterey Highlands area. They improved the Monterey Pass Trail with a road to aid in shipping their produce to Los Angeles. The nameless pass, which had been used as a location for western movies, was called Coyote Pass by Pioneer Masami Abe. In 1926, near

4968-536: Was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in Torrance the next day. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 7.7 square miles (20 km ), of which, 7.6 square miles (20 km ) is land, and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km ) (0.39%) is water. The city boundaries include unincorporated East Los Angeles to the west and southwest, Alhambra to

5040-480: Was originally named the Ramona Freeway) and towns (unincorporated communities called Ramona in both Los Angeles and San Diego County) after the novel's heroine. Southern California became a tourist destination, as many people wanted to see the locations featured in the book. Its publication coincided with the opening of Southern Pacific Railroad 's Southern California rail lines, which fed a tourism boom. As

5112-630: Was the first American law to address Indian land rights but was aimed at assimilation of Indian families. It forced the breakup of communal lands and redistribution of allotted acres to individual households. The government defined as "surplus land" any reservation territory remaining, and allowed its sale to non-Native persons. The widespread popularity of the novel resulted in jurisdictions naming schools ( Ramona High School in Riverside ), streets, freeways (the San Bernardino Freeway

5184-492: Was unique in marketing solely in terms of Ramona -related tourism. The caretaker sold pieces of the house to tourists, which hastened its deterioration. In 1907, the new owner John D. Spreckels hired architect Hazel Wood Waterman to remodel the house to more closely match descriptions in the novel. When the reconstruction was completed in 1910, the building reopened as a full-fledged Ramona tourist attraction. Estudillo House's application for National Historic Landmark status

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