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94-581: Gashi may refer to: Gashi (tribe) , a major historical tribe of northern Albania Gashi (surname) , a surname associated with the tribe Gashi (rapper) , an American rapper See also [ edit ] Gashi, Iran (disambiguation) , places in Iran Mado Gashi , a small town in Kenya Gaši , a Serbo-Croatian version of Gashi Innocent Thing (Korean: 가시 , romanized:  Gasi ),

188-787: A wgs test of a member of the Gashi tribe from the village of Bajçinë in Llap , a distinct branch of the old Gashi also known as Gashi i Gurit in Kosovo was discovered. The result from Llap forms a new branch with a family from the village of Luzhë in Tropojë . Historical records from the 17th century indicate that most residents of the Gashi village in Pult were forcibly resettled by the Ottomans in Llap as

282-497: A South Korean film Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gashi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gashi&oldid=1256505665 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Korean-language text Short description

376-491: A balance of righteousness: wherefore one of them was dragged down to Hades by the weight of his blasphemy [the balance points downward] , whereas the other was lightened of his transgressions unto the comprehension of theology [the balance points upward] . O Christ God, glory to Thee." The Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity on New York City's Upper East Side is the largest Eastern Orthodox Christian church in

470-472: A certain Marin Gashi was mention as being the ruler of Mattia . The first mention of Gashi tribe in historical documents is believed to be in the reports of Don Vincenti and Benedetto Orsini in the years 1628–1629, where it is stated: ″The region of Pult among the mountains above Shkodër , stretching in length from Mount Bishkazi in the west to Mount Gashi in the east″. Robert Elsie emphasized that

564-692: A clean slate is given. Through baptism a person is united to the Body of Christ by becoming a member of the Eastern Orthodox Church. During the service, water is blessed. The catechumen is fully immersed in the water three times in the name of the Trinity. This is considered to be a death of the "old man" by participation in the crucifixion and burial of Christ, and a rebirth into new life in Christ by participation in his resurrection. Properly,

658-654: A component of the Gashi tribe that live in the area between the Tropoja River and the Morina Pass. According to legend, the Shipshani are descendants of the Albanian Kall Kamberi, who had 3 sons - Gegë, Buçë and Papë Kalla - who lived about 14-15 generations ago. The geographical origin of the three brothers is not completely certain, but it is known that Gegaj, Buçaj and Papaj are settlements of

752-403: A formal declaration of an ecumenical council. Lack of formality does not imply lack of authority within holy tradition. As the church increased in size through the centuries, the logistic dynamics of operating such large entities shifted: patriarchs, metropolitans, archimandrites, abbots and abbesses, all rose up to cover certain points of administration. Lesser cycles also run in tandem with

846-691: A great deal between cultures. The Eastern Orthodox Church places emphasis and awards a high level of prestige to traditions of monasticism and asceticism with roots in Early Christianity in the Near East and Byzantine Anatolia . The most important centres of Christian Orthodox monasticism are Saint Catherine's Monastery in the Sinai Peninsula ( Egypt ) and Mount Athos in Northern Greece . All bishops are monks; if

940-633: A great deal to 14th-century Hesychast mysticism and the wood-carving genius of the Russian Orthodox Church . The first ceiling-high, five-leveled Russian iconostasis was designed by Andrey Rublyov in the cathedral of the Dormition in Vladimir in 1408. The small top crossbar represents the sign that Pontius Pilate nailed above Christ's head. It often is inscribed with an acronym, "INRI", Latin for " Jesus of Nazareth, King of

1034-528: A man who is not a monk is elected a bishop, he must be tonsured a monk before he may be consecrated. Customarily, also, a man must either be a monk or be married to be ordained. Aspects of the iconography borrow from the pre-Christian Roman and Hellenistic art . Henry Chadwick wrote, "In this instinct there was a measure of truth. The representations of Christ as the Almighty Lord on his judgment throne owed something to pictures of Zeus. Portraits of

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1128-471: A new life of salvation through repentance whose purpose is to share in the life of God through the work of the Holy Spirit. The Eastern Orthodox Christian life is a spiritual pilgrimage in which each person, through the imitation of Christ and hesychasm , cultivates the practice of unceasing prayer. Each life occurs within the life of the church as a member of the body of Christ . It is then through

1222-487: A person dies the soul is temporarily separated from the body. Though it may linger for a short period on Earth, it is ultimately escorted either to paradise ( Abraham's bosom ) or the darkness of Hades , following the Temporary Judgment . Orthodox do not accept the doctrine of Purgatory , which is held by Catholicism. The soul's experience of either of these states is only a "foretaste"—being experienced only by

1316-549: A punishment for their anti-Ottoman stance during the Austro-Turkish War of 1683-1699. Shortly after this population displacement, the old Gashi village remained completely abandoned; however, some families that managed to escape deportation formed the village of Luzhë on the other side of the Valbona River . The rest mostly left Llap and spread throughout Kosovo. Genetic linkage confirms the common origin of

1410-527: A report of 1698, the Bardhaj are already mentioned as a tribe and distributed amongst 68 households in 4 villages on the Valbona river. They consisted of many Catholic women, but the men were all Muslim. They were initially a distinct tribe separate from the Gashi tribe, both in name and religion (as the Gashi were still mainly Catholic at this time). There are several different legends about their origin, but

1504-718: A seed in the tribe of the Gashi. With the gradual abandonment of the old village of Gash, a large part of the inhabitants moved to different parts of Kosovo , while a part managed to stay in the Gjakova Highlands within the villages of Luzhë and Botushë. The Bardhi/Bardhaj who populated the area between the Gashi River and the Tropoja River are considered to be the descendants of an Albanian called Bardh Aga, who had three sons - Brahim, Ali and Memi Bardhi. These three brothers - who according to generational calculations may have lived about 400 years ago - were Muslims . In

1598-738: A strong sense of seeing each other as parts of one Church. Adherents of Eastern Orthodox Christianity sees their year punctuated by the liturgical calendar of the church on which they depend. Eastern Orthodoxy holds that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and rejects the Filioque clause ("and the Son ") added to the Nicene Creed by the Latin Church , on the grounds that no council

1692-596: A tradition of descent from the Highlands of Gjakova. In some cases, families have forgotten their origins over the centuries, but in many cases, Albanian families who have historically inhabited Kosovo prior to the arrival of the Gashi tribe and joined them thereafter mistakenly claim descent from the tribe. Therefore, the Gashi tribal affiliation of Albanian families in Kosovo is not necessarily related to origins in northern Albania and could very well be local Albanian families that may in fact originate in Kosovo. Gashi tribe

1786-762: A union that transcends time and space and joins heaven to earth. This unity of the Church is sometimes called the communion of the saints . Pre-eminent among the saints is the Virgin Mary (commonly referred to as Theotokos or Bogorodica : " Mother of God "). In Eastern Orthodox theology , the Mother of God is the fulfillment of the Old Testament archetypes revealed in the Ark of the Covenant (because she carried

1880-557: Is a Paleo-Balkan lineage which has been found in samples throughout the region from coastal Dalmatia (Bronze Age) to eastern Dardania (Roman era) as well as in Iron Age Daunians (Italy). It represents 14-18% of Albanian lineages. The oldest J-L283 sample in northern Albania is found in MBA Shkrel as early as the 19th century BCE. In northern Albania, IA Çinamak ( Kukës County ), half of the men carried J-L283. E-V13,

1974-664: Is a psalm, and is in the book of psalms, it is not classified as being within the Psalter (the first 150 psalms). Eastern Orthodoxy does not subscribe to the doctrine of sola scriptura . Rather, Eastern Orthodoxy teaches that its church has defined what Scripture is, and therefore, its church also interprets the meanings of Scripture. Scriptures are understood by Eastern Orthodox interpretation to contain historical fact, poetry, idiom, metaphor, simile, moral fable, parable, prophecy and wisdom literature , and each bears its own consideration in its interpretation. While divinely inspired,

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2068-478: Is also believed that her virginity was not compromised in conceiving God-incarnate, that she was not harmed and that she remained forever a virgin. Scriptural references to "brothers" of Christ are interpreted as kin. Due to her unique place in salvation history according to Eastern Orthodox teaching, Mary is honoured above all other saints in this religion and especially venerated for the great work that God accomplished through her. The Eastern Orthodox Church regards

2162-751: Is based on the valleys of the Llugaj and Bushtrica rivers, bordering the Krasniqi to the west, the Bytyçi to the south over the Luzha Pass ( Qafa e Luzhës ), and the Morina (tribe) to the southeast. The Gashi tribe also held summer pasturelands to the north of the mountain east of Vuthaj . The Gashi are centred in the historical region of the Highlands of Gjakova ( Albanian: Malësia e Gjakovës), which spans

2256-588: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gashi (tribe) Gashi is one of the most widespread Albanian tribes in northern Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia. Their tribal territory corresponds to the District of Tropoja and District of Gjakova in Albania and Kosovo respectively; it extends from the east of the town of Bajram Curri to villages such as Botushë and Koshare in Kosovo. Their tribal region

2350-507: Is known as holy tradition . Holy tradition does not change in the Eastern Orthodox Church because it encompasses those things that do not change: the nature of the one God in Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, the history of God's interactions with his peoples, the Law as given to the Israelites, all Christ's teaching as given to the disciples and Jews and recorded in scripture, including

2444-451: Is often called Palamism . In understanding the Trinity as "one God in three persons", "three persons" is not to be emphasised more than "one God", and vice versa. While the three persons are distinct, they are united in one divine essence, and Their oneness is expressed in community and action so completely that They cannot be considered separately. For example, Their salvation of mankind is an activity engaged in common: "Christ became man by

2538-666: Is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity , alongside Catholicism and Protestantism . Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonical ") Eastern Orthodox Church is organised into autocephalous churches independent from each other. In the 21st century, the number of mainstream autocephalous churches is seventeen ; there also exist autocephalous churches unrecognized by those mainstream ones . Autocephalous churches choose their own primate . Autocephalous churches can have jurisdiction (authority) over other churches, some of which have

2632-515: Is still formed in the image of God; humans are still God's creation, and God has never created anything evil, but fallen nature remains open to evil intents and actions. It is sometimes said among the Eastern Orthodox that humans are "inclined to sin"; that is, people find some sinful things attractive. It is the nature of temptation to make sinful things seem the more attractive, and it is the fallen nature of humans that seeks or succumbs to

2726-582: Is used in services, which bishops preside, and which of the typica is followed by specific congregations . In the Middle East, Orthodox Christians are usually referred to as Rum ("Roman") Orthodox, because of their historical connection with the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire . Those things which in the West are often termed sacraments or sacramentals are known among the Eastern Orthodox as

2820-476: Is used in several Albanian tribal historiographies, as it is an Albanian term that refers to the indigenous peoples of a region. Anas does not refer to Slavic populations. Gabeti, said to have been an Orthodox Christian from Montenegro , came across the original native population who were the ancestors of the Kolë Pep Fura family and whose last male descendant died about 1900. Baron Nopsca believes that

2914-621: The Austro-Turkish War of 1683–1699, the Gashi and the other Catholic tribes of the area supported the Austrians, and were therefore punished by the Ottomans after the defeat of the Austrians. In the years 1690-1693, the village of Gash was burned down by the Pasha of Peja and its population was expelled to the Llap region in Kosovo. Nonetheless, some families either returned to their original territories or escaped persecution, as in 1693–1697,

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3008-703: The District of Tropojë in Albania and the Gjakova Municipality in Kosovo . They are thought to be related to the Toplana . According to tradition, recorded by Baron Nopcsa in 1907, the ancestor of Shllaku was named "Can Gabeti", one of four brothers (the others were the founder of the Gashi, Toplana and Megulla). The four brothers lived in the Shllaku region where they divided up their possessions. The Gashi and Toplana eventually moved eastwards, with

3102-493: The Gregorian modes in the West, and to other ancient Christian musical systems, is used. Byzantine music is microtonal . Northern Slavs, however, have used simpler tonal systems evolved through the sundry local types of Znamenny chant ; today Western music , often with four-part harmony , and the "tones" are simply sets of melodies. There are numerous versions and styles that are traditional and acceptable and these vary

3196-874: The Ottoman Empire . During the Albanian uprising of 1912, the Gashi tribe joined the Krasniqi tribe (at this time led by Bajram Curri ) as well as the Hasi and Bytyqi tribes in the battle of Prush Pass, near the Has region , where the Ottomans had left a garrison of four battalions. A bloody battle ensued, resulting in a heavy defeat for the Ottoman Turks. The rebels obtained much of the Ottoman ammunition, arms, machine guns and cannons. There were many casualties for

3290-593: The Son is eternal and begotten of the Father, and the Holy Spirit is eternal and proceeds from the Father. Eastern Orthodox doctrine regarding the Trinity is summarised in the Greek edition of the Nicene Creed , which notably does not affirm the Filioque . Eastern Orthodox Christians believe in a monotheistic conception of God (God is only one), which is both transcendent (wholly independent of, and removed from,

3384-481: The Western Hemisphere . Locality is also expressed in regional terms of churchly jurisdiction, which is often also drawn along national lines. Many Orthodox churches adopt a national title (e.g. Albanian Orthodox , Bulgarian Orthodox , Georgian Orthodox , Greek Orthodox , Romanian Orthodox , Russian Orthodox , Serbian Orthodox , Ukrainian Orthodox , etc.) and this title can identify which language

3478-577: The "sacred mysteries". While the Roman Catholic Church numbers seven sacraments, and many Protestant groups list two (baptism and the Eucharist) or even none, the Eastern Orthodox do not limit the number. However, for the sake of convenience, catechisms often speak of the seven great mysteries. Among these are Holy Communion (the most direct connection), baptism , Chrismation , confession , unction , matrimony , and ordination . But

3572-429: The Albanian population of the older Gashi tribe of the 17th century continues to live. Due to their constant resistance against Ottoman rule , the Gashi tribe were repeatedly punished via military expeditions, which led to the departure of the population from their initial settlements and a gradual conversion to Islam in the years 1690-1743. Luzha's current inhabitants remember their ancestors up to 15 generations, of which

3666-674: The Balkans, notably in towns such as Sofia , Niš , and Smederevo . During his campaigns, the defenders of Leskovac and Prokuplje retreated from their positions upon the advance of the Albanian army from Kosovo. Captain Antonije Znorić retreated from Prokuplje to Kruševac . Units under Halil Pasha of the Gashi (Serasker of Skopje), Mustafa Pasha Arnauti (Beglerbeg Rumelia), and the mercenaries of Mahmut Pasha of Begolli (Sanjakbeg of Prizren and Rrafshi i Dukagjinit ), attacked immediately after their retreat, forcing their way into

3760-474: The Church Fathers, though, the authority of interpretation grows, and full patristic consensus is very strong. With canon law (which tends to be highly rigorous and very strict, especially with clergy) an unalterable validity also does not apply, since canons deal with living on earth, where conditions are always changing and each case is subject to almost infinite variation from the next. By tradition,

3854-626: The Eastern Orthodox Church, when faced with issues that are larger than a single bishop can resolve, holds a local council. The bishops convene (as St. Paul called the Corinthians to do) to seek the mind of the church . A council's declarations or edicts then reflect its consensus (if one can be found). An ecumenical council is only called for issues of such importance, difficulty or pervasiveness that smaller councils are insufficient to address them. Ecumenical councils' declarations and canons carry binding weight by virtue of their representation across

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3948-471: The Eastern Orthodox Church. As baptism is a person's participation in the death and resurrection of Christ, so Chrismation is a person's participation in the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost . A baptised and chrismated Eastern Orthodox Christian is a full member of the church and may receive the Eucharist regardless of age. Anointing with chrism substitutes for the laying-on of hands described in

4042-745: The Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord ; Wednesday is consecrated to the Cross and recalls Judas' betrayal; Thursday honors the holy apostles and hierarchs, especially St. Nicholas, Bishop of Myra in Lycia ; Friday is also consecrated to the Cross and recalls the day of the Crucifixion; Saturday is dedicated to All Saints, especially the Mother of God , and to the memory of all those who have departed this life in

4136-648: The Gash villages of Luzhë and Botushë appear in documents. In Serbian monastery documents, a certain Halil Pasha Gashi (Gašlija in Serbian ) from the Gashi tribe is recorded as an Ottoman military commander in the late 17th century. Halil Pasha lead a force of approximately 15,000 soldiers, mostly recruited from members of the northern Albanian tribes , but also from the sanjaks of Elbasan , Ohrid , Vlora , and Delvina . He conducted significant campaigns in

4230-528: The Gashi brotherhood of Bajçinë and the brotherhoods of Luzhë from the old Gashi village. The newly emerged branch on the YFull tree is approximately 650 years old, while many others with STR tests almost certainly belong to this lineage too. The Gashi tribe also shares a common ancestor with the Krasniqi and Nikaj tribes around 1200 CE, indicating their presence in the Tropojë region in the Middle Ages . Meanwhile, up to now, all families from Bardhet and Shipshan brotherhoods are under E-V13>PH2180. J-L283

4324-412: The Gashi first settling in Serma between the Nikaj and Leshnica rivers. Their settlement in Serma was short-lived, and they moved to their current location at around 1660 after Catholic members of the tribe killed 2 imams. Begolli Bey of Peja had his troops surround the tribe and force them to move to a new region (the Highlands of Gjakova) where the native population called Anas lived. The title 'Anas'

4418-418: The Gashi separated from the Toplana and Shllaku tribes at around 1524 or possibly somewhat earlier, probably as a result of the first Ottoman war in Albania. However, the alleged connection with Toplana and Shllaku is not supported by genetic results, which indicate that the Toplana and Shllaku are related to one another but do not have blood ties with the Gashi. Nonetheless, the Gashi are thought to have been

4512-555: The Gashi tribe are found in traditionally Albanian-inhabited territories in Kosovo , Serbia , North Macedonia and northern Albania . The Gashi tribe is present in every province of Kosovo. Some families identify as Gash i Gurit, while others identify as Gash. Many of the Gashi family in Kosovo preserve memories and origins from the Gjakova Highlands , such as in the villages of Carrabreg i Poshtëm , Dobërdol in Podujevë , Kryshec, Llapashticë e Epërme , Llapashticë e Poshtme , Llaushë , Lubovec, Mramor in Pristina , Radishevë etc. Among

4606-463: The Gashi tribe took its current form when the Aga of the Gashi in Botushë united the Luzha with the bajrak of Bardhi and Shipshan as a protective measure against the surrounding tribes who were bigger in number. Gashi as a patronym is attested in the Ottoman defter of 1485 in the settlement of Bazari Lepoviça in the nahiye of Petrishpan-ili. The settlement had thirty households; amongst them were: Mrija, son of Gashi and Nikolla, son of Gashi. In 1602,

4700-410: The Gashi were the first northern Albanian tribe that lived in the region of Tropojë . The Gashi tribe and their origins were documented during a visit from Frang Bardhi to the villages of Pult in 1638; Bardhi recorded the village of Gash as one of the largest villages in Pult, with 97 houses and 866 Christian inhabitants. He stated that every household belonged to the Gashi, and that 95 people held

4794-548: The Jews " or "INBI", Greek Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεύς τῶν Ἰουδαίων for "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews". Other crosses associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church are the more traditional single-bar crosses, budded designs, the Greek cross , the Latin cross , the Jerusalem cross (cross pattée), Celtic crosses , and others. A common symbolism of the slanted foot stool is the foot-rest points up, toward Heaven, on Christ's right hand-side, and downward, to Hades, on Christ's left. "Between two thieves Thy Cross did prove to be

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4888-476: The Mother of God were not wholly independent of a pagan past of venerated mother-goddesses. In the popular mind the saints had come to fill a role that had been played by heroes and deities." Icons can be found adorning the walls of churches and often cover the inside structure completely. Most Eastern Orthodox homes have an area set aside for family prayer, usually an eastern facing wall, where are hung many icons. Icons have been part of Orthodox Christianity since

4982-407: The New Covenant in the person of Christ) and the burning bush that appeared before Moses (symbolising the Mother of God's carrying of God without being consumed). The Eastern Orthodox believe that Christ, from the moment of his conception, was both fully God and fully human. Mary is thus called the Theotokos or Bogorodica as an affirmation of the divinity of the one to whom she gave birth. It

5076-403: The Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed—possess a verified authority that endures forever, irrevocably. However, with local councils and patristic writings, the church applies a selective judgement. Some councils and writers have occasionally fallen into error, and some contradict each other. In other cases, opinions differ, no consensus is forthcoming, and all are free to choose. With agreement among

5170-448: The Ottoman force and expel them from the highlands. The Gashi tribe, led by Ali Ibra and Haxhi Brahimi, participated in the Battle of Nokshiq in Montenegro , in which the Albanian League of Prizren defeated a numerically superior Montenegrin force. Sulejman Aga Batusha of Botushë was a chieftain of the Gashi tribe, acting as their leader in the Gjakova region during the early 20th century and participating in many uprisings against

5264-412: The Shipshani, and that the first two generations of the tribe were of the Catholic faith. Based on the calculation of generations, it can be assumed that the spread of the Shipshani in today's territory began in the 17th century. The ancestral lineage of the old Gashi tribe is identified as J2b-L283>Y126399>Y252971, whereas the newer Bardhaj and Shipshani branches are under E-V13>PH2180. Through

5358-408: The Turks; hundreds of casualties and prisoners of war. The Ottoman prisoners were disarmed and released, and were deceivingly told by their captors that the uprising was an attempt to free Albanian and Anatolian peasants from oppression - surprised and in belief of the falsehoods they were told, they had virtually demoralised Gjakova's entire garrison upon their return to the town. This battle improved

5452-406: The annual ones. A weekly cycle of days prescribes a specific focus for each day in addition to others that may be observed: Each day of the Weekly Cycle is dedicated to certain special memorials. Sunday is dedicated to Christ's Resurrection ; Monday honors the holy bodiless powers (angels, archangels, etc.); Tuesday is dedicated to the prophets and especially the greatest of the prophets, St. John

5546-417: The attraction. Eastern Orthodox Christians reject the Augustinian position that the descendants of Adam and Eve are actually guilty of the original sin of their ancestors. The Eastern Orthodox Church understands the death and resurrection of Jesus to be real historical events, as described in the gospels of the New Testament . Church teaching is that Eastern Orthodox Christians, through baptism, enter

5640-464: The authority that Christ bestowed on his disciples when he made them apostles. Holy tradition is firm, even unyielding, but not rigid or legalistic; instead, it lives and breathes within the church. For example, the New Testament was entirely written by the early church (mostly the apostles). The whole Bible was accepted as scripture by means of holy tradition practised within the early church. The writing and acceptance took five centuries, by which time

5734-406: The beginning of the church. An iconostasis , also called the templon , is a wall of icons and religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church . Iconostasis also refers to a portable icon stand that can be placed anywhere within a church. The modern iconostasis evolved from the Byzantine templon in the 11th century. The evolution of the iconostasis probably owes

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5828-573: The bodies of all saints as holy because of their participation in prescribed rituals called holy mysteries . Physical items connected with saints are also regarded as holy, through their participation in the earthly works of those saints. According to Eastern Orthodox church teaching and tradition, God himself bears witness to this holiness of saints' relics through the many miracles connected with them that have been reported throughout history since biblical times, often including healing from disease and injury. Eastern Orthodox Christians believe that when

5922-453: The church as embracing all Christ's members, those now living on earth, and also all those through the ages who have passed on to the heavenly life. The church includes the Christian saints from all times, and also judges, prophets and righteous Jews of the first covenant, Adam and Eve, even the angels and heavenly hosts. In Eastern Orthodox services, the earthly members together with the heavenly members worship God as one community in Christ, in

6016-530: The country where the primate resides (e.g., the case of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople whose canonical territory is located partly in northern Greece and the east); sometimes they overlap (the case of Moldova where the jurisdictions of the patriarchs of Bucharest and of Moscow overlap). The spread of Eastern Orthodoxy began in the eastern area of the Mediterranean Basin within Byzantine Greek culture . Its communities share an understanding, teaching and offices of great similarity, with

6110-412: The doctrinal definitions and statements of faith of the seven ecumenical councils, including the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed , and some later local councils, patristic writings, canon law , and icons. Not all portions of holy tradition are held to be equally strong. Some—the holy scriptures foremost, certain aspects of worship, especially in the Divine Liturgy, the doctrines of the ecumenical councils,

6204-425: The essence of God but rather participating in His energies. This would mean that we do not become "divine", we still remain human but become "gods" by grace, or in other words "icons of the living God" as many call it. The Eastern Orthodox Church, in understanding itself to be the Body of Christ , and similarly in understanding the Christian life to lead to the unification in Christ of all members of his body, views

6298-487: The fire of God's love in the action of the Holy Spirit that each member becomes more holy, more wholly unified with Christ, starting in this life and continuing in the next. The church teaches that everyone, being born in God's image, is called to theosis , fulfillment of the image in likeness to God. God the creator, having divinity by nature, offers each person participation in divinity by cooperatively accepting His gift of grace. This isn't to be mistaken as participating in

6392-403: The first 3-4 have Catholic names, while the rest are Muslim. Even in Botusha and Deçan, about 10-11 generations with Muslim names are remembered, while the previous generations with Catholic names. Both Luzha and Botusha are mentioned by Catholic priests who visited some villages beyond the Diocese of Pult in 1693-1694. In 1697, Luzha itself is mentioned as a village of 12 Catholic homes, and as

6486-420: The first tribe in the region of Tropoja , i.e. before the Krasniqja . Historical reference is made to another ancestral father of the Gashi called Leka, the son of Pjetër Spani , who lived in the settlement of Selimaj (Gegëhysen) in the second half of the fifteenth century. What is clear, however, is that the Gashi were traditionally composed of 3 main brotherhoods or smaller tribes: According to local legend,

6580-579: The good will of the Father and by the cooperation of the Holy Spirit. Christ sends the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father, and the Holy Spirit forms Christ in our hearts, and thus God the Father is glorified." Their "communion of essence" is "indivisible". Trinitarian terminology—essence, hypostasis, etc.—are used "philosophically", "to answer the ideas of the heretics", and "to place the terms where they separate error and truth". When Eastern Orthodox Christians refer to "fallen nature", they do not mean that human nature has become evil in itself. Human nature

6674-488: The holy scriptures themselves had become in their entirety a part of holy tradition. But holy tradition did not change, because "that faith which has been believed everywhere, always, and by all" remained consistent, without additions, and without subtractions. The historical development of the Divine Liturgy and other worship services and devotional practices of the church provide a similar example of extension and growth "without change". Besides these, holy tradition includes

6768-572: The hope of resurrection and eternal life. The main service offered in the Church is the Divine Liturgy . Most parishes offer this service on Sunday mornings and on major feast days, though it can be offered almost any day of the year. Additional services include Orthros and Vespers ; prayer services in the morning and evening, respectively. For the composition of religious chant, the Octoechos , an eight- tone (mode) system, analogous to

6862-606: The material universe) and immanent (involved in the material universe). In discussing God's relationship to His creation, Eastern Orthodox theology distinguishes between God's eternal essence, which is totally transcendent, and His uncreated energies , which is how He reaches humanity. The God who is transcendent and the God who touches mankind are one and the same. That is, these energies are not something that proceed from God or that God produces, but rather they are God himself: distinct, yet inseparable from God's inner being. This view

6956-693: The morale of the Albanians in their movement for independence. The Gashi were traditionally composed of three brotherhoods in the Highlands of Gjakova - the Luzha , Bardhi/Bardhajt and the Shipshani ; the Luzha were not blood-related to the Bardhi and Shipshani upon their initial formation as the Gashi tribe. According to legend, there are two villages (Luzha and Botusha ) in the Highlands of Gjakova where

7050-601: The most common European sub-clade of E1b1b1a (E-M78) represents about 1/3 of all Albanian men and peaks in Kosovo (~40%). The current distribution of this lineage might be the result of several demographic expansions from the Balkans, such as that associated with the Balkan Bronze Age , and more recently, during the Roman era with the so-called "rise of Illyrian soldiery". Apart from their nucleus in Highlands of Gjakova , brotherhoods and families stemming from

7144-428: The mystery of baptism is administered by bishops and priests; however, in emergencies any Eastern Orthodox Christian can baptise . Chrismation (sometimes called confirmation ) is the mystery by which a baptised person is granted the gift of the Holy Spirit through anointing with Holy Chrism . It is normally given immediately after baptism as part of the same service, but is also used to receive lapsed members of

7238-470: The oldest data on the presence of the Gashi in Kosovo is the aforementioned report from 1697, which states: “ The village of Gashi with 120 houses, which were evicted from Pasha of Peja, are now located in the area of Kosovo, in a place called Llap , who are living there for 8 years, which are without priests and have begun to become Turkish (Muslim) and schismatic due to the lack of Catholic priests ". Nonetheless, many other Gashi families in Kosovo do not have

7332-588: The one collected by Rrok Zojzi is one of the main theories; this legend states that Bardh Aga came from Kuçi , an originally- Albanian tribe in Montenegro who have since been assimilated by the Slavs , and another one states that the Bardhi came from Kosovo . Bardh Aga was said to have settled with his sons in the area of Gosturan, which is where the Bardhi/Bardhajt still live today. The Shipshani are

7426-400: The parables, the prophecies, the miracles, and his own example to humanity in his extreme humility. It encompasses also the worship of the church, which grew out of the worship of the synagogue and temple and was extended by Christ at the last supper, and the relationship between God and his people which that worship expresses, which is also evidenced between Christ and his disciples. It includes

7520-433: The primary and authoritative written witness of holy tradition and is essential as the basis for all Orthodox teaching and belief. Once established as holy scripture, there has never been any question that the Eastern Orthodox Church holds the full list of books to be venerable and beneficial for reading and study, even though it informally holds some books in higher esteem than others, the four gospels highest of all. Of

7614-542: The rebellion, but did not succeed in establishing effective control of the region. In 1862, the Ottomans sent Maxharr Pasha with 12 divisions to implement the Tanzimat Reforms in the Highlands of Gjakova. Under the leadership of Mic Sokoli and Binak Alia , the Gashi, Krasniqi , Bytyçi and Nikaj-Mertur tribes organized a resistance near Bujan . The rebels were reinforced by the forces of Shala , led by Mark Lula. After heavy fighting, they managed to defeat

7708-637: The soul—until the Final Judgment , when the soul and body will be reunited. The Eastern Orthodox believe that the state of the soul in Hades can be affected by the love and prayers of the righteous up until the Last Judgment. For this reason the Church offers a special prayer for the dead on the third day, ninth day, fortieth day, and the one-year anniversary after the death of an Eastern Orthodox Christian. There are also several days throughout

7802-513: The status of " autonomous " which means they have more autonomy than simple eparchies . Many of these jurisdictions correspond to the territories of one or more modern states; the Patriarchate of Moscow , for example, corresponds to Russia and some of the other post-Soviet states . They can also include metropolises , bishoprics , parishes , monasteries , or outlying metochions corresponding to diasporas that can also be located outside

7896-583: The subgroups significant enough to be named, the " Anagignoskomena " (ἀναγιγνωσκόμενα, "things that are read") comprises ten of the Old Testament books rejected in the Protestant canon , but deemed by the Eastern Orthodox worthy to be read in worship services, even though they carry a lesser esteem than the 39 books of the Hebrew canon . The lowest tier contains the remaining books not accepted by either Protestants or Catholics, among them, Psalm 151 . Though it

7990-467: The surname of Gashi, all belonging to three brothers who were all alive and knew their descendants up to the fourth generation. He also described the Gashis as being tall, strong-bodied and handsome, as well as quite wealthy and proud. They had a leader named Mengu Kola, who had welcomed him into his home with great honor. The Gashi tribe were continuously documented throughout the 17th century, when Gashi

8084-400: The term also properly applies to other sacred actions such as monastic tonsure or the blessing of holy water , and involves fasting, almsgiving, or an act as simple as lighting a candle, burning incense, praying or asking God's blessing on food. Baptism is the mystery which transforms the old and sinful person into a new and pure one; the old life, the sins, any mistakes made are gone and

8178-509: The text still consists of words in human languages, arranged in humanly recognisable forms. The Eastern Orthodox Church does not oppose honest critical and historical study of the Bible. In Eastern Orthodoxy, " that faith which has been believed everywhere, always, and by all ", the faith taught by Jesus to the apostles, given life by the Holy Spirit at Pentecost , and passed down to future generations without additions and without subtractions,

8272-550: The translation by Theodotion . The Patriarchal Text is used for the New Testament . Orthodox Christians hold that the Bible is a verbal icon of Christ, as proclaimed by the 7th ecumenical council . They refer to the Bible as holy scripture , meaning writings containing the foundational truths of the Christian faith as revealed by Christ and the Holy Spirit to its divinely inspired human authors. Holy scripture forms

8366-547: The vicinity of Leskovac and Prokuplje and causing the local population to flee. In May 1845, following Reşid Pasha 's outlawing of the right to bear arms, the Gashi tribe, along with 2,000 people from the Gjakova region as well as the Gjakova Highlander tribes of Krasniqi and Bytyçi , rose in revolt. The rebels, numbering to about 8,000 men, drove the Ottoman garrison out of Gjakova . The Ottomans suppressed

8460-426: The whole church, by which the mind of the church can be readily seen. However, not all issues are so difficult as to require an ecumenical council to resolve. Some doctrines or decisions, not defined in a formal statement or proclaimed officially, nevertheless are held by the church unshakably and unanimously without internal disturbance, and these, also reflecting the mind of the church, are just as firmly irrevocable as

8554-697: The year that are set aside for general commemoration of the departed, sometimes including nonbelievers. These days usually fall on a Saturday, since it was on a Saturday that Christ lay in the Tomb . The Eastern Orthodox believe that after the Final Judgment: The official Bible of the Eastern Orthodox Church contains the Septuagint text of the Old Testament , with the Book of Daniel given in

8648-486: Was called for the addition. Eastern Orthodox Christians believe in the Trinity , three distinct, divine persons ( hypostases ), without overlap or modality among Them, Who each fully share in one divine essence ( ousia , Greek: οὐσία)—uncreated, immaterial, and eternal . These three persons are typically distinguished by their relation to each other. The Father is eternal, neither begotten nor proceeding from any,

8742-480: Was in conflict with Shala tribe until they made peace in August 1879, based on sultan's order. The Gashi tribe regarded themselves as related to the Krasniqi in the sense that they both came from the west, and Baron Nopcsa recorded that the Gashi were originally related to the Toplana . Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodoxy , otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity ,

8836-538: Was the centre of the Diocese of Pult . Reports indicated that the Gashi and Krasniqja tribes were in frequent conflicts with one another until 1680, when Pjetër Bogdani managed to reconcile 24 blood feuds between the two tribes. In 1689, Gashi tribal leaders wrote a letter to the Vatican , asking for greater clerical and material support. This letter is one of the oldest documents in the Albanian language. During

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