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37-607: The idea for the creation of a theater in Batavia (the colonial name for Jakarta) came from the Governor-General of Batavia at that time, Herman Willem Daendels . This idea was realized by Stamford Raffles , who was known for his passion for the study and preservation of local culture. In 1814 Raffles ordered the construction of a simple bamboo theatre near Waterlooplein (a square in Jakarta, now Lapangan Banteng ), under

74-581: A comprehensive road network with a primary route connecting Elmina and Kumasi in Ashanti . The Dutch government granted him considerable autonomy and a substantial budget to execute his plans. Simultaneously, Daendels viewed his governorship as an opportunity to establish a personal monopoly on business in the Dutch Gold Coast . In 1817, the British accused Daendels of supporting and facilitating

111-741: A death sentence resulting from the Patriots' defeat. During this time, he closely observed the French Revolution unfolding. In 1794, Daendels returned to the Netherlands as a general in the French revolutionary army, serving under General Charles Pichegru and commanding the Batavian Legion . He actively supported the elevation of unitarian politician Pieter Vreede to power through a coup d'état on 25 January 1798. This move

148-446: A theater under the name Sin'tsu Cekizyoo ( Japanese : 心痛劇場 ). During the independence era the building was used as a meeting place for a group of youth artists known as Seniman Merdeka , ("Independent Artists"), among whom were Rosihan Anwar , Usmar Ismail , El Hakim, and HB Jassin . On August 29, 1945, twelve days after the official declaration of independence of Indonesia , the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno , inaugurated

185-725: A two sequence of governors, in Java and Sumatra. After 1948 in negotiations for independence, the equivalent position was named high commissioner of the crown in the Dutch East Indies . Since the VOC era, the highest Dutch authority in the colonial possessions of the East Indies resided with the office of the governor-general . During the Dutch East Indies era the governor-general functioned as colonial chief executive, president of colonial government, as well as commander-in-chief of

222-668: The Battle of Berezina . From February 1813 until December 1813, General Daendels commanded Polish forces defending the Modlin Fortress , located northwest of Warsaw. It was the final French stronghold along the Vistula to surrender. Following the downfall of Napoleon , concerns arose within the Dutch government, including King William I , regarding the potential influence and oppositional leadership of Daendels. To prevent this, he

259-647: The Central Indonesian National Committee , which had its first meeting in the building. In 1951 the building was used by the Faculty of Economy and Law of Indonesia University . And from 1957 to 1961, the building was used by the Indonesian National Theater Academy. The building was again changed its name to Bioskop Diana (Diana Theater) in 1968 and a year later an institution for the building

296-545: The Dutch East India Company (VOC). After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, the territorial possessions of the VOC were nationalised under the Dutch government as the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands . Governors-general were now appointed by either the Dutch monarch or the Dutch government. During the Dutch East Indies era most governors-general were expatriate Dutchmen, while during

333-669: The Dutch cemetery in Elmina . He had been in the country less than two years. Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies ( Dutch : Gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië ) represented Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949. The first governors-general were appointed by

370-552: The Patriots , a faction gaining control in various Dutch cities. In September 1786, he unsuccessfully defended the town of Hattem against troops loyal to the stadholder . The following year, in September 1787, Daendels played a role in the defense of Amsterdam against the invading Prussian army, which aimed to reinstate William V of Orange . Subsequently, when William V regained power, Daendels fled to French Flanders to evade

407-570: The Raad van Indie (Indies Council), which were jointly referred to as the high government . Overall colonial policy and strategy were the responsibility of the Ministry of Colonies based in The Hague , often headed by a former governor-general. From 1815 to 1848 the ministry was under direct authority of the Dutch monarch. In the 20th century the colony gradually developed as a state distinct from

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444-620: The Badeners in the Russian campaign 1812. Daendels arrived in Vilnius on 8 and 15 September, subsequently reaching Minsk. On 11 October, his division moved to Babinovichi , and on 20 October, they received orders to proceed to Vitebsk . By 27 October, they had occupied the nearby town of Beshankovichy . The following day, temperatures dropped below zero. The supplies in Vitebsk were lost when

481-531: The Dutch metropole with treasury separated in 1903, public loans being contracted by the colony from 1913, and quasi-diplomatic ties were established with Arabia to manage the Haji pilgrimage from the Dutch East Indies. In 1922 the colony came on equal footing with the Netherlands in the Dutch constitution, while remaining under the Ministry of Colonies. During the tenure of governors-general who were proponents of

518-459: The Russian army captured the city, and it began to snow on 29 October. On 11 November, Daendels and the rearguard arrived in Chashniki , approximately 90 km southwest of their previous location. On 14 November, during the battle of Smoliani , the French suffered the loss of 3,000 men against General Peter Wittgenstein , and heavy snowfall of about 1.5 meters occurred that day. Four days later,

555-471: The bamboo theater began to show signs of deterioration, and in 1821, supported by the Dutch colonial government, it was replaced with a more permanent structure. The architect chosen to design the building was J.C. Schultze (who also designed the Harmony Society, Batavia building. The contractor was Lie Atjie, who took material from the spinning house ( spinhuis ) in the old town area to use for

592-415: The beginning of last month, a large Spanish ship was four days at anchor in Elmina roads, receiving water and bartering dollars for goods suited for the purchase of slaves." None of Daendels' infrastructure plans came to fruition, as he succumbed to malaria on 2 May 1818 while in the castle of St. George d'Elmina , which served as the Dutch seat of government. His body was interred in the central tomb at

629-511: The colonial ( KNIL ) army. Until 1903 all government officials and organisations were formal agents of the governor-general and entirely dependent on the central administration of the office of the governor-general for their budgets. A governor-general represented the Dutch Empire and monarch and was the most influential party in the colony. Until 1815 the governor-general had the absolute right to ban, censor or restrict any publication in

666-458: The colony. The so-called exorbitant powers of the governor-general allowed him to exile anyone regarded as subversive and dangerous to peace and order, without involving any court of law. Until 1848 the governor-general was directly appointed by the Dutch monarch, and in later years via the crown on advice of the Dutch metropolitan cabinet. During two periods (1815–1835 and 1854–1925) the governor-general ruled jointly with an advisory board called

703-493: The construction of this thousand-kilometer road in a single year resulted in the deaths of numerous Javanese forced laborers. Daendels adopted a stern stance towards Javanese rulers, causing them to align themselves with the British against the Dutch. He also imposed forced labor ( Rodi ) on the population of Java, which sparked rebellious incidents like the ones in Cadas Pangeran, West Java . Opinions differ regarding

740-471: The development of Schouwburg Weltevreden was slow, and it had difficulty making a profit, because Batavia lacked European female opera singers and did not have a complete orchestra. The government took over the theater in 1848, when the private company failed, and held it until 1892. In 1911 its administration was assigned to the city of Batavia. At first, lighting inside the building was done using candles and kerosene lamps. Gas light came in 1864. Electricity

777-410: The earlier VOC era most governors-general became settlers who stayed and died in the East Indies. Under the period of British control (1811–1816) , the equivalent position was the lieutenant-governor , of whom the most notable is Thomas Stamford Raffles . Between 1942 and 1945, while Hubertus Johannes van Mook was the nominal governor-general, the area was under Japanese control, and was governed by

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814-478: The ethical policy a people's council called the Volksraad for the Dutch East Indies was installed in 1918. The Volksraad , an infant form of democratic council, was limited to an advisory role and only a small portion of the population were able to vote for its members. The council comprised 30 indigenous members, 25 European and 5 from Chinese and other populations, and was reconstituted every four years. In 1925

851-622: The extent to which Daendels improved the efficiency of the local bureaucracy and curbed corruption, although he accumulated personal wealth during his time in office. Despite his efforts to bolster defenses, Daendels was unsuccessful in halting the British invasion of the Spice Islands in 1810. During the incorporation of the Kingdom of Holland into France in 1810, Daendels returned to Holland and resided in Paris by November 1811. He

888-625: The former name Gedung Kesenian Pasar Baru . The building features two open halls (one on each side), the 24 by 17.5 metres (79 ft × 57 ft) main concert room with a balcony (capacity: 475 people), a stage measuring 10.75 by 14 by 17 metres (35.3 ft × 45.9 ft × 55.8 ft), and a "loge", which is basically an empty place to the right and left of the spectators, where five seats could be installed if required. [REDACTED] Media related to Gedung Kesenian Jakarta at Wikimedia Commons Herman Willem Daendels Herman Willem Daendels (21 October 1762 – 2 May 1818)

925-569: The name "Military Theater Venue". It was built by English soldiers and had a capacity of 250 people. This first theater in Batavia was used from 1811 to 1816 for the entertainment of British soldiers. In August 1816, the English gave the Indies back to the Dutch East Indies and Batavia was under the governorship of the Netherlands once more. Performances were again held in the building on April 21, 1817, by groups of Dutch amateur performers. In 1820

962-475: The new theater. Construction took 14 months. The new building was designed in Neoclassical style and was called Schouwburg Weltevreden , also popularly known as Gedung Komedi ("Comedy building"). Inauguration was planned for October 1821 but had to be postponed until December 7 because of a cholera epidemic. The first performance in the building was Shakespeare's Othello . During the mid 19th century,

999-673: The slave trade, despite its prohibition by both the British and Dutch authorities, from his position at the Elmina fort, which was then under Dutch control. On 5 March 1817, the British governor of Cape Coast, John Smith, wrote to the African Committee in Parliament in London, stating, "We deem it our duty to inform you of the conduct of General Daendels, who is acting independent of his Government. Portuguese vessels were furnished with canoes, and Spaniards were supplied with water. At

1036-520: The supplies in Minsk were also lost when Pavel Chichagov captured the city. On 24 November, Daendels skirmished with some Russians but reunited with the rest of the French army near Bobr. Subsequently, all the French soldiers proceeded to Borisov , where the Russian army destroyed a crucial bridge crossing the Berezina River. Daendels' division, consisting of 4,000 men, played a decisive role in

1073-531: Was a Dutch military officer and colonial administrator who served as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1808 to 1811. Herman Willem Daendels was born on 21 October 1762 in Hattem , Netherlands . His father, Burchard Johan Daendels, served as a mayoral secretary; his mother was Josina Christina Tulleken. Daendels pursued a legal education at the university of Harderwijk and obtained his doctorate on 10 April 1783. In 1785, Daendels aligned himself with

1110-482: Was appointed as a divisional general ( major general ) and assumed command of the 26th Division of the Grande Armée . This division consisted of troops from Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Berg. In mid-March 1812, Daendels was appointed as the commander of the 26th Division, serving under Marshal Victor as part of IX Corps , which acted as a reserve. In August, Victor received orders to march eastward, joining

1147-553: Was appointed as the Governor-general of the Dutch Gold Coast (now part of Ghana ) and effectively prohibited from returning to the Netherlands. After the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade , Daendels aimed to revitalize the neglected Dutch territories into an African plantation colony focused on legitimate business. Leveraging his experience from the East Indies, he devised ambitious infrastructure projects, such as

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1184-602: Was built in Surabaya . Additionally, he relocated the central government from Old Batavia to Weltevreden and commissioned the construction of a palace in Paradeplaats . His most renowned achievement was the Great Post Road ( Indonesian : Jalan Raya Pos ) that spanned northern Java from Anyer to Panarukan . Today, this road serves as the main thoroughfare on the island, known as Jalur Pantura . Notably,

1221-614: Was compelled to resign after failing to avert the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in 1799. He later pursued farming in Heerde , Gelderland . Louis Bonaparte appointed Daendels as colonel-general in 1806 and Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies in 1807. Daendels arrived in Batavia (now Jakarta ) on 5 January 1808 after a lengthy voyage, assuming the role previously held by Albertus Henricus Wiese . His primary objective

1258-549: Was established under the leadership of Brigadier General Pimgadie. In 1970, the institution transformed the building into a cinema showing Chinese movies. It was known during this period as the City Theater. In 1984 a Law was enacted to return the building to its original function. It was renovated at a cost of 3 billion rupiah . On September 5, 1987, it was renamed the Gedung Kesenian Jakarta , replacing

1295-454: Was first used inside the building in 1882, but gas light was still used outside until 1910. In 1926, during Indonesia's period of National Awakening , the building was used by the local Youth Alliance for the first Kongres Pemoeda (Youth Congress). During the Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945, the building was used temporarily as a military headquarters. In April 1943 it was used as

1332-472: Was motivated by dissatisfaction with the conservative-moderate majority in parliament, which hindered the development of a more democratic and centralized constitution. However, Vreede's rule did not yield the anticipated outcomes, leading to another coup d'état against him on 14 June 1798, in which Daendels played a role. In the Batavian Republic , Daendels held various political positions but

1369-481: Was to expel the British from Java . During his tenure, Daendels undertook various infrastructure projects. He established new hospitals and military barracks, constructed arms factories in Surabaya and Semarang , and founded a military college in Batavia. The Castle in Batavia was dismantled and replaced by a new fort in Meester Cornelis ( Jatinegara ). At the same time, Fort Lodewijk (Fort Ludwig)

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