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47-610: The Morlocks were depicted as an underground society (both literally and figuratively ) of outcast mutants living as tunnel dwellers in the sewers , abandoned tunnels, and abandoned subway lines beneath New York City . The Morlocks were composed of mutant misfits, especially those mutants who, because of physical mutations or other conspicuous manifestations of their mutant genetics, were unable to pass as human in normal society. Subjected to hate, fear, and disgust from human society due to their "deformed" appearances, dangerous mutations, or otherwise outcast or misfit statuses, most of

94-618: A sentient entity called the Collective , who has since come into violent conflict with the Avengers. In addition, a portion of the energy revived the body of Gabriel Summers , brother of both Alex (Havok) and Scott Summers (Cyclops), who had been trapped in space for many years following the defeat of Krakoa , as depicted in the X-Men: Deadly Genesis limited series. According to Marvel Editor-In-Chief Joe Quesada ,

141-569: A comparable group called Those Who Live in Darkness have emerged. Similar groups, called Morlocks by readers and/or the X-Men themselves, have appeared under Chicago and London . According to Callisto , she formed the Morlocks by first recruiting Caliban . She then used his power to track down other mutants who were unable to integrate into normal society. The Morlocks initially squatted in

188-571: A continuous breeze throughout the house, reducing or eliminating the need for air conditioning. As a step towards achieving the United Nations' SDGs (in particular Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable ), urban cities in developed economies of the world are increasingly looking "downwards" rather than expanding limited land resources at the surface. Helsinki , Singapore , Hong Kong , Minneapolis , Tokyo , Shanghai , Montreal etc. are some of

235-505: A duel for leadership of the Morlocks. Victorious, Storm orders an end to their attacks on normal humans, but she does not assume leadership of the Morlocks full-time. Against her wishes, several Morlocks later kidnap the child superheroes Power Pack so that they could be raised by the Morlock Annalee, who had lost her own children. When Callisto discovers what was going on, she forces Annalee to let them go. They promise to return in

282-462: A feature of fiction, such as the hobbit holes of the Shire as described in the stories of J. R. R. Tolkien and The Underground City by Jules Verne . Some films are almost entirely set underground, such as THX 1138 . The Fallout series also has underground shelters called Vaults. The majority of the early short science-fiction story " The Machine Stops " by British author E.M. Forster

329-462: A four-part limited series, Morlocks . In it, a small group of mutants living in the sewers of Chicago help each other to fulfill their one last wish on the surface while trying to escape the mutant-hunting Sentinels . In The Uncanny X-Men #397–398, parts 3 and 4 of the Poptopia story, a group of Morlocks living in the tunnels of London are introduced. They were being pursued by an agent of

376-764: A group called the Omegas , who appear in X-Men: The Last Stand . Similarly to the Morlocks, the Omegas are led by Callisto. Additionally, Leech appears as an unaffiliated mutant. The Morlocks were ranked #14 on a listing of Marvel Comics' monster characters in 2015. Underground living Underground living refers to living below the ground's surface, whether in natural or manmade caves or structures ( earth shelters ). Underground dwellings are an alternative to above-ground dwellings for some home seekers, including those who are looking to minimize impact on

423-717: A half million. Based on the mathematical comparisons of the oft-repeated 198 and several million, Marvel re-evaluated the 90% figure into "over 99%", as shown in Civil War: Battle Damage Report when Iron Man comments on the Post-CW world. Both Hank Pym and Beast note shortly after the event that it is impossible for the energy that certain mutants controlled to simply have vanished, and that it must have been "sent" somewhere. As would later be revealed in New Avengers , most of this energy became

470-504: A hill. This exposure can significantly improve interior lighting, although at the expense of greater exposure to the elements. There is only written documentation of Scythian and German subterranean dwellings. Remnants have been found in Switzerland, Mecklenburg and southern Bavaria, "They had a round shape with a kettle-like widening at the bottom, from eleven to fifteen metres in diameter, and from two to four metres in depth". In

517-582: A network of abandoned, interconnected tunnels beneath Manhattan , which had originally been built as Cold War bomb shelters and then forgotten, before also expanding into the sewers and abandoned subways beneath Manhattan. The Morlocks occasionally emerged to rob humans in Manhattan and would sometimes kidnap certain mutant children. The X-Men were alerted to the existence of the Morlocks when their leader Callisto kidnapped Angel and intended to make him her mate. This brought Storm to challenge Callisto to

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564-661: A number of mutants who still have their powers. While it has been stated that there are at least 198 remaining mutants, according to Henry Peter Gyrich in Avengers: The Initiative , there are actually "around 300"; the 198 number is merely the number of mutants the US government has cataloged, with a 199th mutant ( Mutant Zero ) being off the record. Over 198 mutants were identified post M-Day, but around 30 more died in following storylines such as Necrosha or Second Coming . Selene and her servant Eli Bard have used

611-554: A promising future for sustainable underground living, where it can contribute to making cities more liveable, resilient and inclusive. Historically planning of subsurface facilities has been subject to an ad-hoc development approach by separate sectors and disciplines. Successful integration of Urban Underground Space into city planning however requires a synergy of several disciplines and stakeholders to achieve rational use of space resources. There are various ways to develop structures for underground living. Underground living has been

658-401: A revived Healer, Leech, Masque, Marrow, Mole a revived Piper, Skids, and a revived Tommy. Debuting along with the rest of the Morlocks (with the exception of Caliban) it was revealed that Masque, Caliban, Callisto and Sunder founded the Morlocks under the streets of Manhattan. The " Mutant Massacre " was one of Marvel's annual crossovers events, centering on the Morlocks. The event resulted in

705-490: A society of millions to one of scant hundreds. This event, which occurred on November 2 according to X-Men (vol. 2) #191, is known as " M-Day " in the Marvel Universe . Reception among fans and critics was mixed, with a common complaint being the inconsistent manner in which mutants retained their powers while at times depicting "depowered" mutants as still having their physical mutations. "Decimation" began with

752-487: A trail of escaped mutants from the Breeding Pens lead the X-Men underground, they encountered a group of scared, orphaned children called the Morlocks. The X-Men offered to help bring them out of hiding in the sewers, but the Morlocks lashed out at them for fear of being locked up and thrown back into cages by the X-Men, now mutant-hunting officers of the newly restored human government. The X-Men emerged victorious and

799-664: Is later revealed that some of the Morlocks were actually failed experiments of the Dark Beast , although he made certain that they did not remember being tampered with; however, Mister Sinister recognized that some of the Morlocks were based on his own genetic studies (which the Dark Beast learned from the Sinister of his reality) and subsequently ordered the Marauders to kill the entire underground society. A new group called

846-431: Is said to be the earliest confirmed number. Numbers for pre-Decimation mutants vary from "over a million" ( House of M #8) to 14 million ( New X-Men #115, where it is said that the 16 million mutants who died on Genosha was around "over half" of the estimated global mutant population of 30 million mutants), giving a population, if the commonly used 90% depowered figure is true, of between one hundred thousand and one and

893-450: Is set in an imagined underground city. Parent categories: Types of underground living spaces and people, and related topics: Decimation (comics) " Decimation " is a storyline published by Marvel Comics in 2005 , spinning out of the events of the House of M limited series . The event started with a one-shot issue and took place in a number of various series all carrying

940-655: The Church of Humanity named Mr. Clean, a genetically engineered human who was stalking and killing mutants. This was their only appearance. It is unknown whether or not they survived the persecution of the Church of Humanity. In the 10th anniversary of the Age of Apocalypse event, which takes place after the nuclear attack in X-Men: Omega , several characters who were not in the original storyline are introduced, among them are

987-569: The Marauders killing many of the Morlocks under orders of Mr. Sinister . Only a few survived, with the protection of the X-Men , X-Factor , Power Pack and Thor . The event spanned The Uncanny X-Men #210–212, X-Factor #9–11, The New Mutants #46, Thor #373–374 and Power Pack #27. Many new Morlocks debuted, although many were killed in their first appearance. Most of the surviving Morlocks relocated themselves throughout New York City after

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1034-541: The " Endangered Species " storyline, Masque and the Morlocks with him began their search for Magneto where they had some future-telling diaries with them where one of them states that Magneto is still a mutant in light of M-Day. At the time when the Terrigen Cloud was loose on Earth infecting mutants with M-Pox since the " Infinity " storyline, the number of mutants that are living underground had increased. In addition to these mutants, Callisto showed sympathy towards

1081-557: The "Decimation" event was designed to reduce the number of mutant characters in the Marvel Universe , which he felt had gotten out of hand after forty years of publishing. Most criticisms by fans have been aimed at inconsistencies regarding the roster of mutants who retained their powers after the event. For example, in the Generation M mini-series, several characters were considered depowered, even though they retained their physical mutations. The Civil War Files one-shot revealed that

1128-485: The "Decimation" logo on the cover. The 2005 miniseries Generation M , Sentinel Squad O*N*E , X-Men: Deadly Genesis and X-Men: The 198 were all launched specifically for the "Decimation" storyline. The various stories were collected in five trade paper backs. The storyline focuses on the ramifications of the Scarlet Witch stripping nearly all of the mutant population of their powers, thereby reducing

1175-596: The Morlock named Pyro , who was outnumbered while fighting the Friends of Humanity and the police. Other members shown as of issue #82 are Caliban , Callisto , Sparks and Sunder (who was the leader). After a fight with the X-Men (who were trying to rescue Toad ), the Morlocks elected Nightcrawler as their new leader. In #90 Mister Sinister finishes his 10 mutant kills at the Morlock base. His kills include Leech and Angel . The Morlocks serve as loose inspiration for

1222-581: The Morlocks in The Uncanny X-Men #293. He floods the tunnels, attempting to destroy the remaining Morlocks. It is revealed later that he actually transported the Morlocks to another dimension dubbed the Hill, whose timeline moved faster than the main Marvel Universe . There, he set himself up as their king and forced them to fight for the right to live. With the Morlocks presumed dead from

1269-421: The Morlocks reappear under the leadership of Masque and now consisting of Bliss, Erg, Litterbug, Skids and a recently captured Leech. Later in this story, it was revealed Skids only joined the Morlocks to spy on them on behalf of S.H.I.E.L.D. Powered : Depowered : Former leaders not involved with group : There are other groups that are related to the main Morlocks group: In June 2002, Marvel released

1316-479: The Morlocks viewed humans (and even other more mainstream mutants such as the X-Men) with distrust and anger, and they occasionally committed criminal or antisocial acts upon the above-ground human society. Due to a series of tragedies, the original Morlocks no longer reside in subterranean New York City (except Marrow , who was one of the original Morlocks as a child), although a violent splinter cell Gene Nation and

1363-574: The Morlocks were brought back to the Xavier Institute where they were detained. The Morlocks in the Ultimate Marvel universe have a more sophisticated underground living situation than the mainstream Morlocks, including at least one mutant with energy-generating powers to provide electricity, hydroponic gardens to provide or supplement their food supply, and external air-exchange vents. In Ultimate X-Men #80 Nightcrawler saves

1410-458: The Morlocks which includes Feral , Leech , Marrow , Skids and Thornn among many other unnamed mutants. The Morlocks were largely a peaceful group that refused to follow Apocalypse's regime and for that decision they were all captured and imprisoned in the Breeding Pens for gruesome experiments by Sinister and the Beast . One known Morlock member was Artemis . After the fall of Apocalypse,

1457-550: The Transmode Virus to reanimate the mutant Caliban so that he may track down and reanimate deceased mutants (to both form an army and an energy source for Selene). The reanimated army appeared in the "Necrosha" story arc, consisting of thousands of inhabitants of Genosha , as well a number of notable deceased mutants associated with the X-Men. See the main Necrosha article to view the full list of those resurrected during

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1504-588: The Tunnel Rats which also calls itself "Those Who Live in Darkness" have inhabited the sewer tunnels just below the surface of Mutant Town/ District X . District X writer David Hine claims to never have intended this group to have any ties to the original Morlocks. During the " Decimation " storyline, some of the remaining powered Morlocks sought out asylum at the X-Mansion. There were some Morlocks that remained underground under Marrow's protection. During

1551-547: The US government's assessment of the number of mutants on Earth may not be accurate, which allowed Marvel to change the number of depowered mutants. Additionally, characters such as Namor and the Great Lakes Avengers , who are described as mutants but not particularly tied to the X-Men series of books, have not been affected by the event. Wizard magazine published a speculative list of supposedly decimated characters, which Marvel Comics dismissed as including

1598-436: The benchmark cities in this regard. Underground space as a valuable land resource can be integrated into a general urban resources management scheme and development policy, by rationalizing resource supply according to economic demand, and by coordinating stakeholders from the public administration, private administration, private developers and users. The consideration of the other dimension (underground) in city planning holds

1645-558: The chance of meeting a Morlock in the tunnels under New York is now harder than meeting an alligator in the Floridian sewers. Some former Morlocks who actually kept their powers sought refuge at Xavier's Institute and became known as the 198 . They are Beautiful Dreamer, Caliban, Erg, Leech, and Skids. Dark Beast and Mikhail Rasputin are also still powered, though Mikhail is in Kapalan. During Ed Brubaker 's "The Extremists" arc,

1692-432: The environment . Factories and office buildings can benefit from underground facilities for many of the same reasons as underground dwellings such as noise abatement, energy use, and security. Some advantages of underground houses include resistance to severe weather, quiet living space, an unobtrusive presence in the surrounding landscape, and a nearly constant interior temperature due to the natural insulating properties of

1739-524: The final stage of World War II , the Nazis relocated entire armaments factories underground, as the Allies' air supremacy made surface structures vulnerable to daylight strategic bombing raids . In parts of rural Australia, subterranean houses are built in a manner similar to prairie dog holes. There is a "chimney" placed higher than ground-level and a lower, ground-level, entrance. This orientation causes

1786-527: The floods caused by Mikhail Rasputin , some of the remaining Morlocks were relocated to Selima Oasis in North Africa . When attacked by Humanity's Last Stand , an emotional backlash caused D'Gard to assume control over Storm, who relinquished her leadership role. In X-Men: Prime many of the Hill Morlocks returned to found Gene Nation . As the new group, they attacked the human oppressors of

1833-598: The future to keep her company. A majority of the Morlocks are slaughtered by Mister Sinister 's Marauders in the " Mutant Massacre ". Most of the survivors move on to join Gene Nation , having lived in a pocket dimension led by Mikhail Rasputin . Leech instead becomes a ward of Generation X . Other survivors include Erg and Beautiful Dreamer (whose whereabouts were unknown until "Decimation" ), Thornn , (who would join X-Corporation ), and Caliban. It

1880-633: The humans who sought out refuge from the global landscape. As a way to live out the dream of Professor X, this unified society of humans and mutants lived together as the New Morlocks. The Morlock are further decimated by the Mauraders, but Cyclops helps the Chechnyan government expel rebels in exchange for a Morlock sanctuary. When Krakoa was established as a mutant paradise, the known Morlocks that reside there are Callisto, Caliban, Cybelle, Erg,

1927-695: The latest iteration of the mutant-hunting Sentinels to be robots piloted by humans, X-Men: Deadly Genesis , and X-Men: The 198 —and continues throughout the Marvel Universe, particularly in the X-Men -related titles. One consequence is an upswing of anti-mutant sentiment, especially among certain religious groups, who consider M-Day to be God's judgment against mutant-kind. It has been confirmed through various sources that there are considerably more than 198 mutants remaining—the number has been referred to as "symbolic" rather than actual, and in The 198 Files

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1974-501: The massacre. Few, however, returned to the Alley, their original home. There, Masque assumed leadership. Many new surviving Morlocks were introduced when Sabretooth decided to finish his original task. He is stopped by a newly "upgraded" Caliban . Later, a splinter group of the Morlocks is introduced. This group, led by Pixie , attempts to escape Masque. With Masque presumed killed, an insane Mikhail Rasputin takes over as leader of

2021-503: The past Morlocks under the leadership of Marrow . It is unknown whether the remaining Morlocks of Africa stayed there or relocated to New York. A few have been seen there since, as well as a few Morlocks who chose to remain in New York City despite previous attempts on their lives. After M-Day, some former Morlocks who lost their powers were Angel Dust, Boost, Callisto, Delphi, Irving, Marrow, Postman , Qwerty, Shatter, Tether and

2068-460: The probability of Feral and Thornn . However, Feral and Thornn were later seen re-powered; but this was later to be revealed in Wolverine vol. 3 #54-55 that only their physical mutations were restored, not their mutant powers, which led to Feral being killed by Sabretooth . In one of Generation M 's "Ex-Mutants' Diaries", Sally interviews Marrow about the Morlocks. Marrow reports that 80% of

2115-439: The remaining Morlocks (which was most likely already very small) are depowered now and look like humans. She states that most of them are still afraid about going out of the tunnels. Currently, Marrow works as a watchman of the Morlocks, as she is called by the remaining ones when problems occur. She explained this status in the aftermath of thirteen depowered Morlocks murdered by Ghoul . One character commented that, post-M-Day,

2162-702: The self-titled one-shot Decimation: House of M: The Day After , and heralded the relaunch of the Excalibur team in New Excalibur , focusing on Pete Wisdom looking for Captain Britain to head up a new British super team, as well as the relaunch of X-Factor from the MadroX miniseries. It also includes several mini-series— Son of M starring a depowered Quicksilver , Generation M focusing on other depowered characters, Sentinel Squad O*N*E showing

2209-707: The surrounding earth. One appeal is the energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of underground dwellings. However, underground living does have certain disadvantages, such as the potential for flooding, which in some cases may require special pumping systems to be installed. It is the preferred mode of housing to communities in such extreme environments as Italy's Sassi di Matera , Australia's Coober Pedy , Berber caves as those in Matmâta, Tunisia , and even Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station . Often, underground living structures are not entirely underground; typically, they can be exposed on one side when built into

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