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131-626: The UGL, which has about 2 million members, has a close collaboration with the League of Matteo Salvini . Currently, the Deputy Minister of Labor of the Lega - 5 Stelle government is Claudio Durigon , former Deputy Secretary-General of UGL. At the enterprise level, UGL develops the Trade Union action to defend employees’ rights. In the framework of Italian industrial relations, it concurs to

262-686: A cabinet , which won support from the League, the M5S, the PD and FI. The League entered the new government with three high-profile ministers from the party's "centrist" wing: Giorgetti, the architect of the party's pro-Europeanist turn and close friend of Draghi, as minister of Economic Development , Massimo Garavaglia as minister of Tourism and Erika Stefani as minister for Disabilities . The party's support for Draghi's government stood in contrast to its Eurosceptic stances. In June 2021, Salvini proposed

393-459: A far-left joint list named Power to the People (PaP) under the leadership of Viola Carofalo . In late December 2017, the centrist post-NCD Popular Alternative (AP), which had been a key coalition partner for the PD, divided itself among those who wanted to return into the centre-right's fold and those who supported Renzi's coalition. Two groups of AP splinters (one led by Maurizio Lupi and

524-599: A member of the European Parliament and former editor-in-chief of Radio Padania Libera, was elected federal secretary of the LN, after having prevailed over Bossi in a leadership election . To revive a party overwhelmed by scandals and which had reached historical lows in the 2013 Italian general election , Salvini led the LN though dramatic changes, first by re-orienting it toward the European nationalist right. In

655-745: A single-member constituency , respectively in Acerra , near Naples , for the Chamber of Deputies and in Florence for the Senate. Salvini ran in many multi-member constituencies through the country and he was elected in Calabria due to the mechanism of the electoral law, while Meloni was elected in the single-member constituency of Latina, Lazio , for the Chamber of Deputies. Using the Gallagher index ,

786-535: A "neutral government" (irrespective of the M5S and the League's refusal to support such an option) to take over from the Gentiloni Cabinet , which was considered unable to lead Italy into a second consecutive election, as it was representing a majority from a past legislature, and offering an early election in July as a realistic option to take into consideration due to the deadlock situation. On 9 May, after

917-562: A 20% rate, or €40 billion with 15%. Berlusconi also proposed the cancellation of IRAP, a tax on productivity, plus increase of minimum pensions to €1,000, the introduction of a "dignity income" to fight poverty , the end of contribution on youth recruitment, changes to the Fornero Law , which regulated pensions , and the launch of a Marshall Plan for Africa to reduce illegal immigration to Italy. Within FI, there were some representatives of

1048-484: A 28-year-old local man, was arrested and charged with attempted murder, and was also charged for the attack against the local headquarters of the ruling PD party. After the attack, Traini reportedly had an Italian flag draped on his shoulders and raised his arm in the fascist salute . Traini stated that the attack was "revenge" for Pamela Mastropietro, an 18-year-old Roman woman whose dismembered body had been found few days earlier, stuffed into two suitcases and dumped in

1179-443: A brief co-operation with CasaPound , a far-right organisation. In December 2014 Salvini launched Us with Salvini ( Italian : Noi con Salvini , NcS), with goal of putting forward LN's issues in central and southern Italy and expanding the party's electorate. In the 2017 leadership election , Salvini was confirmed LN's leader, defeating Gianni Fava , from the party's traditionalist wing. The May 2017 federal congress marked

1310-518: A check for €400 per month for newborns up to the six years old to increase population growth , parental leave paid to 80% up to the sixth year of birth, increase in salaries and equipment to law enforcement , the increased use of the Italian Army as a measure to fight crime, and a new law on self-defense . The M5S presented a programme whose main points are the introduction of a basic income , known as "income of citizenship", to fight poverty,

1441-593: A coalition government with the PD after the next general election , respectively. Anyway, the PD's secretary Enrico Letta ruled it out. In most regions, the League forms coalitions with FdI and FI, while in South Tyrol it has teamed up with the South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP) since 2018. In Trentino the party is also in alliance with the similarly-regionalist Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (PATT). In Sardinia it has close ties with

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1572-413: A constitutional law that obliges members of parliament to resign if they intend to change party. Di Maio also proposed a legislative simplification, starting with the elimination of almost 400 laws with a single legislative provision. LeU focused on the so-called right to study, proposing in particular the abolition of tuition fees for students who take the exams regularly, with the estimated cost for

1703-427: A day of rumours, both the M5S and the League officially requested President Mattarella to give them 24 more hours to strike a government agreement between the two parties. Later in the evening that same day, Berlusconi publicly announced that FI would not support a M5S–League government on a vote of confidence but would still maintain the centre-right alliance, opening the doors to a possible majority government between

1834-499: A federal congress on 21 December 2019, the party's constitution undwerwent some major changes, including reduced powers for the federal president, the extension of the federal secretary's and federal council's terms from three to five years, the introduction of "dual membership" and the faculty given to the federal council to grant the use of the party's symbol to other political parties. With the end of its membership drive in August 2020,

1965-411: A federation with FI and other centre-right parties supporting Draghi (thus excluding FdI), which has so far went nowhere, as well as a campaign for six referendums on justice along with the liberal Radical Party . In February 2022 five of the six referendums were approved by Italy's Constitutional Court , opening the way for a popular vote by June. In the run-up of the 2022 Italian local elections ,

2096-416: A government between M5S and the PD, with a three-day deadline. The decision came after the previous attempt by Casellati failed to show any progress. On 30 April, following an interview of Renzi, who expressed his strong opposition to an alliance with the M5S, Di Maio called for new elections. On 7 May, President Mattarella held a third round of government formation talks, after which he formally confirmed

2227-441: A measure that would cost between €15 and €20 billion annually, plus the cut of the public debt by 40 points in relation to GDP in ten years, the adoption of measures to revitalise youth employment, a cut in pensions of over €5,000 net not entirely based on the contribution method, the reduction of IRPEF rates and the extension of the income tax threshold, the increase in spending on family welfare measures from 1.5 to 2.5% of GDP, and

2358-674: A preference vote for individual candidates. The seats are allocated by proportional representation. The electoral law allows for parties to form different coalitions on the lists abroad, compared to the lists in Italy; Forza Italia, the League, and Brothers of Italy formed a unified list for abroad constituencies. Source: "Eligendo: Senato [Scrutini] Collegio uninominale VALLE D'AOSTA - 01 (Italia) - Senato della Repubblica del 4 marzo 2018" . Ministero dell'Interno (in Italian) . Retrieved 5 March 2018 . Di Maio and Renzi run in

2489-467: A seat each in the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces : Trentino and South Tyrol ). The following is a list of the most relevant local institutions led by party members. Liga Veneta Lega Lombarda Lega Piemonte 2018 Italian general election Paolo Gentiloni Democratic Giuseppe Conte Independent (close to M5S ) The 2018 Italian general election

2620-555: A snap election. In the 2022 general election , the League, which was part of the winning centre-right coalition, won 8.8% of the vote, compared to 26.0% gained by the Brothers of Italy (FdI) and 8.1% by FI. As a result, Giorgia Meloni , leader of FdI, accepted the task of forming a new government and announced the Meloni government , which assumed official functions after each ministers were sworn in on 22 October. The League joined

2751-488: A spiral of violence." Gentiloni added that "hate and violence will not divide Italy". Minister Minniti condemned the attack against the Africans, saying that any political party must "ride the hate". Renzi, whose party was also accused about its position on immigration, stated that "calm and responsibility" from all political forces would now be necessary. In the constituency of Macerata, the centre-right coalition , led by

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2882-533: A thin white frame. A week later Salvini presented the new electoral logo: the word "Nord" and the Sun of the Alps were removed, the word "Lega" and the representation of Alberto da Giussano remained, while the slogan "Salvini Premier" was added. In the 2018 general election, the League gained its best-so-far result of 17.4% of the vote, becoming the largest party within the centre-right coalition and establishing itself as

3013-430: Is formally part of the centre-right coalition , along with Forza Italia (FI) and the Brothers of Italy (FdI); however, since 2018, the party has governed both with the populist Five Star Movement (M5S) and the centre-left Democratic Party (PD). In early 2022, two leading Democrats, minister Dario Franceschini and Goffredo Bettini , hinted that the League could re-affirm a "centrist" position and could again form

3144-403: Is rejected altogether by the party and, according to Salvini, "Italians are not a population of extremists, much less racists. We govern much of the country, and they would not vote for us if we were extremists. There is a lot of laziness on the part of the foreign press, because on the economic front we are absolutely liberal". Of Salvini's long-time three deputy secretaries, Giorgetti represented

3275-488: Is usually considered a liberal, while Bagnai (the party's economic spokesperson) identifies as " post-Keynesian " and " left-wing populist " and factions are somewhat anti-globalist . On welfare , the League is one of the major critics of the increase in the retirement age envisaged by Elsa Fornero 's 2011 pension reform and during Conte's first government got the approval of the so-called "Quota 100" (retirement with 62 years of age and 38 of contributions). Furthermore,

3406-646: The Corriere della Sera and a former centre-left politician, the League is "at least half centrist , surely it is entirely centrist in Veneto and Lombardy , both as electorate and political culture of its governors". Differently from Matteo Salvini , most leading members, such as ministers like Giancarlo Giorgetti and regional presidents like Luca Zaia and Massimiliano Fedriga , are frequently described as "centrist", "moderate" and pro-Europeanist , appealing to "centrist" voters and parties. The "far-right" label

3537-459: The 2006 Italian general election between Silvio Berlusconi and Romano Prodi . With few exceptions, almost every main political leader had denied his participation to an electoral debate with other candidates, preferring interviews with TV hosts and journalists; however, many debates took places between other leading members of the main parties. As a consequence of the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum and of two different sentences of

3668-603: The Animalist Movement led by Michela Vittoria Brambilla , whose main focus was the banning of fur clothing and stricter controls in circuses , free veterinary care, and the establishment of an ombudsman for animal rights . The League proposed the complete replacement of the Fornero Law and the possibility of retirement with 41 years of contributions, the "scrapping" of tax records for taxpayers in difficulty, an operation that should yield up to €35 billion to

3799-523: The Camorra and 'Ndrangheta organisations have also taken an interest. In late February 2018, Berlusconi indicated Antonio Tajani , the president of the European Parliament , as his candidate for the premiership if the centre-right coalition won the general election, and if FI achieved a plurality of the votes inside the coalition, condition that did not occur, resulting in a victory of

3930-686: The Constitutional Court of Italy , the electoral laws for the two houses of the Italian Parliament lacked uniformity. In October 2017, the PD, AP, FI, the League, and minor parties agreed on a new electoral law, which was approved by the Chamber of Deputies with 375 votes in favour and 215 against and by the Senate with 214 votes against 61; the reform was opposed by the M5S, the MDP, SI, FdI and minor parties. The so-called Rosatellum bis , named after Ettore Rosato (PD leader in

4061-650: The Democratic Party (PD) would be in the opposition during this legislature and he would resign as party leader when a new cabinet is formed. On 6 March, Salvini repeated his campaign message that his party would refuse any coalition with the Five Star Movement (M5S). On 14 March, Salvini offered to govern with the M5S, imposing the condition that the League ally Forza Italia , led by the former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi , must also take part in any coalition. Di Maio rejected this proposal on

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4192-626: The Democratic and Progressive Movement (MDP). Contextually, the NCD was transformed into Popular Alternative (AP). In April, Renzi was re-elected secretary of the PD and became the party's candidate for Prime Minister, defeating Minister of Justice Andrea Orlando and the governor of Apulia Michele Emiliano . In May 2017, Matteo Salvini was re-elected federal secretary of the Northern League and launched his own bid. Under Salvini,

4323-556: The Free and Equal left-wing parliamentary group , with Conte at its head, on 5 September 2019. Amid the 2021 Italian government crisis , the second Conte government was replaced by a national unity government headed by Mario Draghi . In the 2013 Italian general election held in March, none of the three main alliances (the centre-right coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi , the centre-left coalition led by Pier Luigi Bersani , and

4454-639: The Identity and Democracy group in the European Parliament in 2019. Throughout its history, the LN formed alliances both with centre-right and centre-left parties, but, in general elections, it was usually part of Silvio Berlusconi 's centre-right coalition and, occasionally, ran as a stand-alone party (in 1996 , gaining its best-so-far result: 10.1% of the vote). In the North several regions have been led by LN members, including Veneto (since 2010) and Lombardy (since 2013). In December 2013, Matteo Salvini ,

4585-663: The Italian electoral law of 2015 ( Italicum ) that would be declared partially unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Italy in January 2017 and replaced by the Italian electoral law of 2017 ( Rosatellum ), and a relaxation of labour and employment laws known as the Jobs Act with the intention of boosting economic growth that would also found by the same court to be partially unconstitutional in September 2018, which

4716-633: The Sardinian Action Party (PSd'Az), whose leader and president of the region Christian Solinas is often counted among the League's governors, so that, since 2018, there has been a "League–Salvini Premier–Sardinian Action Party" joint parliamentary group in the Senate . Finally, in Sicily the League has formed a short-lived federation with the Movement for Autonomy . Countrywide,

4847-536: The Senate of the Republic . On 7 April, Di Maio made an appeal to the PD to "bury the hatchet" and consider a governing coalition with the M5S. On 18 April, President Sergio Mattarella gave newly-elected Senate president Casellati a so-called "exploratory mandate" to form a government of M5S and the centre-right coalition, with a two-day deadline. On 23 April, President Mattarella gave newly-elected Chamber of Deputies president Fico an "exploratory mandate" to form

4978-768: The Ticino League in Switzerland . Moreover, locally, the regional parties forming the League continue to be supportive of regional identities, such as Venetian nationalism in Veneto and Lombard nationalism in Lombardy. The League supports the implementation of article 116 of the Constitution , the so-called "differentiated" or "asymmetrical" regionalism, i.e. the attribution of "particular forms and conditions of autonomy" also to ordinary-statute regions (with

5109-772: The Union of the Centre and the Italian Liberal Party . In the end, neither Fedriga nor Zaia chose to stand, while Vannacci accepted to be a candidate, despite strong reservations by virtually all senior members of the party. In the meantime, a group of former LN members, led by Tosi, formed the "Forza Nord" coalition within FI: these included Alessandro Sorte (leader of FI in Lombardy), Roberto Cota (former president of Piedmont), Marco Reguzzoni (former floor leader of

5240-479: The anti-establishment , populist Five Star Movement (M5S) led by Beppe Grillo ) won an outright majority in the Italian Parliament . After a failed attempt to form a government by Bersani, then-secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), and Giorgio Napolitano 's reluctantly-accepted second term as President of Italy in the 2013 Italian presidential election held in April, Enrico Letta , Bersani's deputy, received

5371-713: The political base of the LSP is in northern Italy, where the party gets most of its support and where it has maintained the traditional autonomist outlook of the LN, especially in Veneto and Lombardy . In February 2021, the League joined Mario Draghi 's government of national unity . After a disappointing result in the 2022 general election , the party joined Giorgia Meloni 's government with five ministers, including Giancarlo Giorgetti as minister of Economy and Finance and Salvini as deputy prime minister and minister of Infrastructure and Transport . The League also participates in 15 regional governments, including those of

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5502-475: The "national" turnaround. In October 2017, Salvini announced that in the 2018 general election the party would be re-branded simply as "Lega" and would field lists also in central-southern Italy. On 14 December 2017, the "Lega per Salvini Premier" party was established by long-time LN member Roberto Calderoli and its constitution was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale . LSP's official goals were

5633-529: The 600,000 migrants who have reached Italy through the Mediterranean over the past four years. Among the PD's allies, the CP proposed free nursery schools , a tax exemption for corporate welfare , and other measures regarding public health, including the contrast to the long waiting list in hospitals , the abolition of the so-called "supertickets", and an extension of home care for the elderly. +E advocated

5764-500: The Chamber of Deputies), is a mixed electoral system , with 37% of seats allocated using a first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting and 63% using the proportional largest remainder method , with one round of voting. The 630 deputies were to be elected as follows: The 315 elective senators were to be elected as follows: A small, variable number of senators for life were to be members of the Senate. For Italian residents, each house members were to be elected in single ballots, including

5895-427: The LN has become mostly inactive and has been practically supplanted by the LSP, which is active all around Italy. The LSP came third in the 2018 general election and first in the 2019 European Parliament election . Like the LN, the LSP is a confederation of regional parties, of which the largest and long-running are Liga Veneta and Lega Lombarda . Despite misgivings within the party's Padanian nationalist faction,

6026-531: The LN in the Chamber of Deputies), Massimiliano Bastoni (former member of LN's right-wing, as well as lately of the CN), Matteo Gazzini (outgoing MEP and leader of FI in South Tyrol) and Stefania Zambelli (outgoing MEP). Furthermore, Grimoldi revealed that Bossi was going to vote for FI too. The League's share of the vote was 9.0%, with Vannacci, who received more than half a million preferences, being one of

6157-549: The LSP became active throughout Italy. The LN, unable to be dissolved because of its burden of €49 million debt to the Italian state, was instead formally kept alive, while its membership cards were donated to former activists. Salvini's popularity was supposed to create better chances for the League to continue its winning streak in regional elections (the latest being the 2019 regional election in Umbria , where Donatella Tesei

6288-400: The League has gradually but decidedly set aside Padanian nationalism and separatism , which were long pursued by Lega Nord . Through " sovereigntism ", the party has also been making inroads in southern Italy . It is actually a matter of debate whether the League has embraced Italian nationalism and abandoned regionalism, or whether it combines nationalism and regionalism, similarly to

6419-510: The League is sceptical of asylum requests and related reception centers and hopes for the deportation of irregular immigrants. It has tried to regulate some of the immigration issues through the so-called "security decrees". In foreign policy , the party is Atlanticist and pro- Israel . It has also supported friendlier ties with Russia ; before the Russian invasion of Ukraine , it has long also opposed sanctions. In 2019, allegations that

6550-400: The League, the party led by Salvini. The first phase of the electoral campaign was marked by the statement of President Mattarella to parties for the presentation of "realistic and concrete" proposals during the traditional end of the year's message, in which he also expressed the wish for a high participation in the ballot. The electoral programme of the PD included, among the main points,

6681-467: The League, whose leaders both became deputy prime ministers in a populist coalition government led by the M5S-linked independent Giuseppe Conte as Prime Minister of Italy . The 2019 Italian government crisis started when the League withdrew its support of the government and the coalition ended with Conte's resignation on 20 August. A new M5S-led coalition was formed with the centre-left PD and

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6812-414: The League, won a plurality of the votes in the ballot, electing candidate Tullio Patassini, and showed an increase from 0.4% of the vote in 2013 to 21% in 2018, five years later. Differently from many other Western world countries, electoral debates between parties' leaders are not so common before general elections in Italy; the last debate between the two main candidates to premiership dated back to

6943-553: The M5S and the Democratic Party (PD), the incumbent government was eventually replaced by a new government led by Conte. The League thus returned into the opposition, together with its electoral allies of the centre-right coalition. During 2019, along with the LN's membership recruitment in the Centre-North, the party launched a parallel drive in the Centre-South for the LSP, practically supplanting NcS. Finally, during

7074-427: The M5S and the League agreed to the details regarding the government program, officially clearing the way for the formation of a governing coalition between the two parties. The final draft of their program was then published on 18 May. On 18 May, 44,796 members of the M5S cast their vote online on the matter concerning the government agreement, with 42,274, more than 94%, voting in favour. A second vote sponsored by

7205-535: The M5S, FI, and the Northern League , and causing a loss of popularity for Renzi. Into 2016, opinion polls registered the PD's strength, the growth of the M5S, the Northern League, and Brothers of Italy (FdI), FI's decline, SC's disappearance, and the replacement of Left Ecology Freedom (SEL) with Italian Left (SI). In the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum , a constitutional reform proposed by Renzi's government and duly approved by Parliament

7336-856: The MDP, SI, and Possible launched a joint list named Free and Equal (LeU) under the leadership of Pietro Grasso , the president of the Senate and former anti-mafia prosecutor. That same month, the Italian Socialist Party , the Federation of the Greens , Civic Area , and Progressive Area formed a list named Together in support of the PD, and the Communist Refoundation Party , the Italian Communist Party , social centres , minor parties, local committees, associations, and groups launched

7467-465: The PD. The LSP, which had already peaked in opinion polls after quitting the yellow-green government, continued a slow decline in opinion polls and would be eventually eclipsed both by the PD and the FdI during 2021. In the 2020 Venetian regional election , Luca Zaia , whose popularity was the result of a long-term focus on his home-region Veneto , was re-elected for a third consecutive term with 76.8% of

7598-511: The Trade Union action a pillar for the improvement of social justice. UGL aims to sustainable economic development in modern society, in a vision that considers the ultimate objective of the overall national interest. UGL has a vision known at the international level as the so-called “conservative socialism” or “third position” (in Italian known as “social right-wing”), which aims to a synthesis between right-wing cultural views and left-wing economic views. To achieve this aim UGL proposes: • To overcome

7729-443: The centre-left government of responsibility for Mastropietro's death through allowing migrants to stay in the country and having "blood on their hands", asserting that the blame lies with those who "fill [Italy] with illegal immigrants ". Prime Minister Gentiloni stated that he "trusts in the sense of responsibility of all political forces. Criminals are criminals and the state will be particularly harsh with anyone that wants to fuel

7860-434: The centre-right coalition was a tax reform based on the introduction of a flat tax ; for Berlusconi, it was initially based on the lowest current rate (23%) with the threshold raised to €12,000, then proceeding to a gradual reduction of the rate, while according to Salvini the tax rate should be only 15%. The economic newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore estimated the cost of this measure at around €25 billion per year calculated with

7991-548: The centre-right coalition won also in the 2023 Lazio regional election , in which the League obtained 8.5% of the vote. In June 2023, the LV held its congress: Marcato retired from the race when Franco Manzato emerged as an alternative opposition candidate. At the congress, outgoing federal commissioner Alberto Stefani , a loyalist of Salvini, was thus elected secretary with 64.3% of the vote against Manzato's 35.7%, possibly with Zaia's silent support. The congress' result stabilised

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8122-448: The consequent possibility for some regions to have further powers than others, but still less than the five special-statute regions). In home affairs, the League strongly opposes illegal immigration , especially migratory flows from the sea. It is highly critical of non-governmental organisations transporting migrants to European cross-border countries, as they believe them to be complicit in "human trafficking". Within Italy's borders,

8253-535: The conservative wing of the League, had been elected President of the Chamber of Deputies . In the wake of the disappointing result in the 2022 general election and the run-up to the 2023 Lombard regional election , some leading members of the party's traditional wing, rooted in Padanian nationalism, formed Comitato Nord (English: Northern Committee , CN). The Committee was inspired by Umberto Bossi and, under

8384-444: The constituency candidate and his/her supporting party lists. In each single-member constituency, the deputy or senator is elected on a plurality basis, while the seats in multi-member constituencies are allocated nationally. In order to be calculated in single-member constituency results, parties need to obtain at least 1% of the national vote. In order to receive seats in multi-member constituencies, parties need to obtain at least 3% of

8515-495: The country's third largest political force. After the election, the party formed an alliance with the populist Five Star Movement (M5S), which had come first in the election with 32.7% of the vote. The so-called " yellow-green government " was led by Giuseppe Conte , an independent jurist close to the M5S, and included Salvini as minister of the Interior . Since the government's formation, thanks to Salvini's approval as minister,

8646-467: The countryside; for this, three Nigerian drug dealers were arrested, the main suspect being Innocent Oseghale, a 29-year-old failed asylum seeker. Missing body parts had sparked allegations of the murder having been a muti killing also involving cannibalism . The case sparked anger and anti-immigrant sentiment in Macerata. Traini's lawyer reported "alarming solidarity" for Traini expressed by

8777-428: The disproportionality of the Chamber of Deputies in the election was 5.50, while for the Senate of the Republic it was 6.12. After the election's results were known, both Luigi Di Maio and Matteo Salvini stated that they must receive from President Sergio Mattarella the task of forming a new cabinet because they led the largest party and the largest coalition, respectively. On 5 March, Matteo Renzi announced that

8908-565: The election resulted in a hung parliament . The autonomous region of Aosta Valley , in northwestern Italy, elects one member to the Chamber of Deputies through a direct first-past-the-post election. Some parties that formed electoral coalitions in Italy, might have opted to run against one another (or form different coalitions) in this particular region. Source: "Eligendo: Camera [Scrutini] Collegio uninominale VALLE D'AOSTA - 01 (Italia) - Camera dei Deputati del 4 marzo 2018" . Ministero dell'Interno (in Italian). Archived from

9039-405: The following months, Grillo was accused by critics of continuing to play his role as de facto leader of the party, while an increasingly important, albeit unofficial, role was assumed by Davide Casaleggio , son of Gianroberto , a web strategist who founded the M5S along with Grillo in 2009 and died in 2016. In January 2018, Grillo separated his own blog from the movement; his blog was used in

9170-426: The government majority supporting his cabinet, while rejecting the proposal put forward by Lega and FI of a new government without the M5S. In that occasion, the League, despite calls from its regional presidents to do otherwise, as well as the M5S, FI and FdI, did not participate in the vote. Consequently, Draghi tendered his final resignation to President Mattarella, who dissolved the houses of Parliament, leading to

9301-450: The grounds that Salvini was "choosing restoration instead of revolution" because "Berlusconi represents the past". On 12 March, Renzi resigned as party leader and was replaced by deputy secretary Maurizio Martina . On 24 March, the centre-right coalition and the M5S agreed on the election of presidents of the houses of parliament , Roberto Fico of the M5S for the Chamber of Deputies and Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati of FI for

9432-463: The ideological concept of social class and the consequent class conflict • To promote employees participation in the companies • To fight all the discriminations in the workplaces • To support the unity in the world of work UGL considers that the achievement of an efficient social dialogue at Italian, European and World-wide levels, could represent a great resource to guarantee the workers’ rights, besides being an indispensable instrument able to contrast

9563-479: The influx of Giancarlo Pagliarini , to become more populist . The current party's platform includes the reduction of the tax burden and the implementation of a flat income tax at 15%, while opposing limits to cash payments. As a result, according to some sources, the party is distinctly " neo-liberal ", while other observers have contested any such characterisation and the League would be torn between " economic liberalism " and " Keynesian economics ". Giorgetti

9694-426: The introduction of a minimum hourly wage of €10, a measure that would affect 15% of workers, that is those workers who do not adhere to the national collective agreements, plus a cut of the contributory wedge for permanent contracts, a relocation allowance and an increase in subsidies for the unemployed , a monthly allowance of €80 for parents for each minor child, fiscal detraction of €240 for parents with children, and

9825-419: The lack of any possible majority (the M5S rejecting an alliance with the whole centre-right coalition, the PD rejecting an alliance with both the M5S and the centre-right coalition, and the League's Salvini refusing to start a government with the M5S without Berlusconi's FI, whose presence in the government was explicitly vetoed by M5S's Di Maio); on the same circumstance, he announced his intention to soon appoint

9956-479: The leadership of Paolo Grimoldi , a former leader of Lega Lombarda, and Angelo Ciocca , a member of the European Parliament, it attracted more than one thousand members in a couple of months. The inaugural event of the Committee, held in early December, was attended by some 600 people, including former ministers Roberto Castelli and Francesco Speroni . Contextually, provincial congresses were held in some of

10087-458: The liberal-centrist wing, Lorenzo Fontana the Catholic , traditionalist and social-conservative one, and Andrea Crippa the populist to right-wing populist one. However, fault lines are more complicate: Giorgetti is also a devout Catholic, Fontana has voiced concerns over the party's European alliances, while Crippa is outspokenly in favour of abortion and euthanasia . The League

10218-466: The most voted candidates in the election. The party improved its tally in the South, thanks to candidates like Patriciello and Raffaele Stancanelli , but suffered in its traditional strongholds of northern Italy, where the party fared even worse than in the 2022 general election. Contextually, indeed, in the 2024 Piedmontese regional election , the party won a mere 9.4% of the vote, while being part of

10349-411: The national vote. Elects from multi-member constituencies would come from closed lists . The voting paper, which is a single one for the first-past-the-post and the proportional systems, shows the names of the candidates to single-member constituencies and in close conjunction with them the symbols of the linked lists for the proportional part, each one with a list of the relative candidates. The voter

10480-453: The new government with five ministers: Giorgetti minister of Economy and Finance, Salvini deputy prime minister and minister of Infrastructure and Transport, Giuseppe Valditara (a former aide to Gianfranco Miglio and co-author of the party's liberal-conservative manifesto) minister of Education, Calderoli minister for Regional Affairs and Autonomies, and Alessandra Locatelli minister for Disabilities. Prior to that, Lorenzo Fontana , from

10611-410: The notion of replacing the League's symbol also in northern Italy was criticised by several party members, especially in Veneto, Calderoli ruled it out. In July 2022, the M5S did not participate in a Senate's confidence vote on a government bill. Prime Minister Draghi offered his resignation, which was rejected by President Mattarella. After a few days, Draghi sought a confidence vote again to secure

10742-523: The original on 3 April 2018 . Retrieved 5 March 2018 . Twelve members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by Italians abroad. Two members are elected for North America and Central America (including most of the Caribbean ), four members for South America (including Trinidad and Tobago ), five members for Europe, and one member for the rest of the world (Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Antarctica ). Voters in these regions select candidate lists and cast

10873-476: The other by Enrico Costa ) formed, along with Direction Italy , Civic Choice , Act! , Cantiere Popolare , and the Movement for Autonomies , a joint list within the centre-right named Us with Italy (NcI). The list was later enlarged to the Union of the Centre and other minor parties. The remaining members of the AP, Italy of Values , Centrists for Europe , Solidary Democracy , and minor groups joined forces in

11004-427: The parliament, even though the centre-right coalition won a plurality of seats as a coalition, and the Five Star Movement (M5S) won a plurality of seats as an individual party. The centre-right coalition, whose main party was the right-wing League led by Matteo Salvini , emerged with a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate, while the anti-establishment M5S led by Luigi Di Maio became

11135-616: The party accepted Russian funding were discussed in Italy and dubbed "Russiagate", before being completely dismissed. In September 2022, the Center for Strategic and International Studies wrote that the party was still "seen as Russia-friendly". Until 2018, the League expressed a strong opposition to the Euro currency; in the 2018 general election , Eurosceptic professors Alberto Bagnai and Claudio Borghi were elected in Parliament for

11266-459: The party had emphasised Euroscepticism , opposition to immigration , and other right-wing populist policies. His aim had been to re-launch it as a nationalist party, withering any notion of northern separatism. This focus became particularly evident in December 2017, when the party presented its new electoral logo dropping Nord ("Northern"). That same month, the League for Salvini Premier

11397-547: The party has federative pacts with the Union of the Centre and the Italian Liberal Party . The party's 2022 political manifesto, penned by Alessandro Amadori and Giuseppe Valditara in 2022, was described by the Corriere della Sera as liberal-conservative . More specifically, its authors designed a "country that should be liberal in its economy and society, wisely conservative on values, profoundly republican in its collective culture". While continuing to support autonomism , regionalism and federalism , under Salvini

11528-438: The party launched a new organisation named Italy First ( Italian : Prima l'Italia ) in southern Italy. The League will run under the "Italy First" banner in most southern cities and in the 2022 Sicilian regional election . According to Calderoli, who registered the new symbol on Salvini's behalf, Italy First could eventually become a new political party, possibly including also FI and other centrist parties. However, as

11659-483: The party opposes the citizens' income and regrets having voted for it in 2018. On social issues , the League generally holds conservative positions, with exceptions. For instance, the party has been a long proponent of the decriminalization of sex work . Additionally, a majority of the party's regional councillors in Veneto was supportive of a bill that would have regulated assisted suicide for terminally ill patients, under particular conditions. Since 2014,

11790-427: The party was regularly the country's largest party in opinion polls , at around or over 30%. In the 2019 European Parliament election , the League won 34.3% of the vote, winning for the first time a plurality of the electorate, while the M5S stopped at 17.1%. In August 2019 Salvini announced his intention to leave the coalition with the M5S, and called for a snap general election. However, after successful talks between

11921-406: The party with the largest number of votes. The centre-left coalition , led by former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi of the governing Democratic Party (PD), came third; however, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament . The 2018 Italian government formation lasted three months and the first Conte government was formed on 1 June between the M5S and

12052-565: The party's founding "national" sections in 1991. Umberto Bossi was the party's founder and later long-time federal secretary. The LN long advocated the transformation of Italy from a unitary state to a federation , fiscal federalism , regionalism and greater regional autonomy , especially for northern regions . At times, the party advocated the secession of the North, which the party referred to as " Padania ", and consequently Padanian nationalism . The party always opposed illegal immigration and often adopted Eurosceptic stances, joining

12183-594: The party's strongholds: critics of Salvini affiliated with the CN narrowly won in Bergamo and Brescia , while the pro-Salvini wing retained Varese for a handful of votes and Roberto Marcato , a regional minister loyal to Zaia, was leading the challenge in Veneto. Also, four regional councillors affiliated with the CN formed a separate group in the Regional Council of Lombardy and were subsequently ejected from

12314-487: The party's traditional rally in Pontida in September 2023 and organised a conference of the Identity and Democracy Party in Florence in December 2023. The party also tried to forge a big-tent, by wooing popular mayors and regional presidents like Zaia, maximizing the right-wing vote by fielding general Roberto Vannacci and broadening toward the political centre by welcoming longtime centrist MEP Aldo Patriciello ,

12445-456: The party. In the meantime, another group of dissidents, led by Gianni Fava , who lost to Salvini in the 2017 Lega Nord leadership election and never joined the new party, formed the "Lombard Autonomist Movement" and supported Letizia Moratti for president, along with the separatists of Great North , in the regional election. In the election, held in February 2023, Attilio Fontana

12576-577: The party. Following President Sergio Mattarella 's rejection of the appointment of Paolo Savona (who had expressed himself on a "plan B" for Italy's exit from the Eurozone) as minister of the Economy in Giuseppe Conte 's first government , the League reviewed its opposition to the single currency. In economic policy , the League has a mixed record. Lega Nord started as libertarian , under

12707-495: The political communication and propaganda of Salvini and the League have been entrusted to an external communication company, named Sistema Intranet , owned by Luca Morisi and Andrea Paganella. This company has used a software known as "the Beast" which, through a series of algorithms (based on monitoring the sentiments of the network), according to many commentators, has contributed to Salvini's success on social networks. According to

12838-456: The populace, while Mastropietro's mother publicly thanked Traini for "lighting a candle" for her daughter. A second autopsy of the girl's remains, published after the attack against the African migrants, revealed that Mastropietro had been strangled , stabbed , and then flayed while still alive. The murder of Mastropietro and the attack by Traini, and their appraisal by Italian media and

12969-563: The prevailing moods of a substantial part of users on the network". Morisi's ability consists in "positioning himself on the right and majority side of public opinion" and being "able to analyse in real time the orientation of comments and reactions to a post and suggesting which topics to focus on in the next post". Morisi also invented the nickname "the Captain", with which Salvini is called by his supporters. In September 2021 Morisi resigned for "personal and family problems" and, right after, he

13100-474: The previous years as an online newspaper of the M5S and the main propaganda tool. This event was seen by many as the proof that Grillo was slowly leaving politics. The autumn registered some major developments to the left of the political spectrum. In November, the RI, Forza Europa , and individual liberals launched a joint list named More Europe (+E), led by the long-time RI leader Emma Bonino . In December,

13231-512: The pro-PD Popular Civic List (CP) led by Minister of Health Beatrice Lorenzin . On 28 December 2017, President Mattarella dissolved the parliament and a new general election was called for 4 March 2018. On 21 February 2018, Marco Minniti , the Italian Minister of the Interior , warned: "There is a concrete risk of the mafias conditioning electors' free vote." The Sicilian Mafia have been active in Italian election meddling;

13362-438: The progressive reduction of the rates of IRPEF and IRES, respectively the income tax and the corporate tax . Regarding immigration , which had been a major problem in Italy for the previous years, the PD advocated a reduction in migrant flows through bilateral agreements with the countries of origin and pretended to a halt to European Union funding for countries like Hungary and Poland that have refused to take in any of

13493-473: The public were "set to become a decisive factor" in the national elections. Traini was a member and former local candidate of the League, and many political commentators, intellectuals, and politicians criticized Salvini in connection with the attack, accusing him of having "spread hate and racism" in the country. Roberto Saviano , the notable anti-mafia writer, labeled Salvini as the "moral instigator" of Traini's attack. Salvini responded to critics by accusing

13624-538: The publication of texts and documents, the Confederation’s newspaper The Social Goal (Italian:“La Meta Sociale”) with a daily edition. Lega (political party) Lega (English: League ), whose official name is Lega per Salvini Premier (English: League for Salvini Premier ; abbr. LSP ), is a right-wing populist political party in Italy , led by Matteo Salvini . The LSP is the informal successor of Lega Nord (English: Northern League , LN). The LSP

13755-619: The re-launch of the process of European integration and federalisation of the European Union towards the formation of the United States of Europe . This was also supported by the PD, with the PD's leader Renzi saying the United States of Europe is the future. In opposition to the PD's policies implemented by Minister of Interior Marco Minniti , +E advocated the social integration of migrants. The main proposal of

13886-472: The realization of collective labor agreements. UGL representatives seek to influence social legislation and policies, in the consultation process with the Public Authorities and the other Social Partners. UGL has its delegates as members of Italian and European institutions that gather civil society as CNEL and EESC. On September 15, 2020, UGL and Assodelivery, the Italian association which groups

14017-502: The regional party, but did not silence internal critics and several minor figures left the party, some of them joining FI, which had been led in Veneto by former LV leader Flavio Tosi since June 2022. and had become that party's regional coordinator in March 2023, In Lombardy, Castelli started his own People's Party of the North in November. In the run-up of the 2024 European Parliament election , Salvini invited Marine Le Pen to

14148-535: The run-up of the 2014 European Parliament election , Salvini formed an alliance with the French National Front led by Marine Le Pen , the Dutch Party for Freedom led by Geert Wilders and other alike parties on the issues of Euroscepticism, opposition to immigration and sovereigntism , leading to the establishment of the Identity and Democracy Party (ID Party). The League also started

14279-641: The split from the PdL/FI of a large group of deputies and senators led by Minister of Interior Angelino Alfano , who launched the alternative New Centre-Right (NCD) party and remained loyal to the government, which also came to include the Populars for Italy (PpI). Following the election of Matteo Renzi as secretary of the PD in December 2013, there were persistent tensions culminating in Letta's resignation as Prime Minister in February 2014. The Renzi Cabinet

14410-588: The state budget of €1.6 billion. LeU also proposed the reintroducing the Workers' Statute , which offered protections that were eliminated by the Renzi government's Jobs Act , plus fighting tax evasion, corruption, and organised crime. On 3 February 2018, a drive-by shooting event occurred in the city of Macerata , Marche , in Central Italy , where six African migrants were seriously wounded. Luca Traini,

14541-424: The state, and the disbandment of Equitalia, the company that deals with the collection of taxes, plus the abolition of the limit on the use of cash and the regularization of prostitution ; moreover, Salvini's main aim was a drastic reduction of illegal immigration by reintroducing border controls, blocking arrivals, and repatriating all migrants who have no right to stay in Italy. The FdI proposed free nurseries,

14672-503: The task of forming a grand coalition government. The Letta Cabinet consisted of the PD, Berlusconi's People of Freedom (PdL), Civic Choice (SC), the Union of the Centre (UDC), and the Italian Radicals (RI). On 16 November 2013, Berlusconi re-launched Forza Italia (FI), named like the previous Forza Italia party (1994–2009). Additionally, Berlusconi announced that FI would be opposed to Letta's government, causing

14803-400: The transformation of Italy "into a modern federal state through democratic and electoral methods" and the support of "the freedom and sovereignty of peoples at the European level". LSP's symbol was inspired from Donald Trump 's campaign for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries in the United States : a blue rectangle with the words "Lega per Salvini Premier" in white, surrounded by

14934-545: The two autonomous provinces. Five regional presidents, including Attilio Fontana ( Lombardy ), Luca Zaia ( Veneto ) and Massimiliano Fedriga ( Friuli-Venezia Giulia ), are party members. Fedriga is also the president of the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces . The Lega Nord (LN) was established in 1989 as a federation of six regional parties from northern and north- central Italy ( Liga Veneta , Lega Lombarda , Piemont Autonomista , Uniun Ligure , Lega Emiliano-Romagnola and Alleanza Toscana ), which became

15065-418: The two parties. On 13 May, the M5S and the League reached an agreement on a government program, clearing the way for the formation of a governing coalition between the two parties, while they still negotiated the members of a government cabinet, including the prime minister. The M5S and League leaders were slated to meet with President Mattarella on 14 May to guide the formation of a new government. On 17 May,

15196-563: The various reconstructions it would be through this software that political messages, slogans, successful hashtags and scenes from Salvini's daily life would be selected. The communication strategy of the Beast was analysed in a study by the Department of Political Sciences of the University of Padua , according to which Salvini "opened the page in 2010 ... with a strategy that is still considered effective today ... able to be in tune with

15327-475: The vote; Liga Veneta fielded two lists, including the League's official one and Zaia's personal list, which obtained 16.9% and 44.6%, respectively. In the Tuscan regional election , League's candidate Susanna Ceccardi was defeated in her bid to become president of Tuscany. The fact that the League had grown electorally only in Veneto and had lost appeal in other regions started to weaken Salvini's leadership, which

15458-522: The winning centre-right coalition led by incumbent president Alberto Cirio . After the elections, long-time internal critic and Comitato Nord leader Grimoldi was ejected from the party. Internationally, the League is usually described as a right-wing or far-right party; however, as pointed out by Miles Johnson of the Financial Times , most Italian media consider the party as centre-right . Moreover, according to Antonio Polito, columnist for

15589-558: The workers of Deliveroo , Glovo , Uber Eats , Just Eat e Social Food, have signed the first European collective agreement for the so-called riders belonging to the food/beverage economic sector . During the First Republic , CISNAL was described as neo-fascist and as close to the Italian Social Movement . UGL, considering fundamental the centrality and the dignity of the human being, identifies in

15720-613: The worst consequences of globalization. UGL is articulated in two different kinds of structures: − Territorial Structures at a regional and provincial level, with 20 Regional Offices (URL), correspondent to the twenty Italian Regions , and Provincial Offices (UTL) for every Italian province − Professional Federations for each working sector. Moreover it provides the following services: social assistance, fiscal assistance, professional training, agrarian training, housing assistance, promotion of culture and tourism, international cooperation. The communication activities of UGL are realized by

15851-434: Was able to cast their vote in three different ways: Below are the main electoral lists that are running in the election. The centre-right coalition emerged with a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate, while the anti-establishment Five Star Movement became the party with the largest number of votes. The centre-left coalition came third. As no political group or party won an outright majority,

15982-502: Was based on the same coalition, including the NCD, but in a new fashion. The new Prime Minister had a strong mandate from the PD, which was reinforced in May by the party's strong showing in the 2014 European Parliament election in Italy ; the 2015 Italian presidential election resulted in the election of Sergio Mattarella , a former PD member, as the president of Italy in January. While in power, Renzi implemented several reforms, including

16113-483: Was elected president with 57.6% of the vote and the League obtained 37.0%), particularly in Emilia-Romagna , a large region long-governed by the centre-left coalition . However, in the 2020 Emilia-Romagna regional election the party's candidate, Lucia Borgonzoni , stopped at 43.6% of the vote and was defeated by incumbent president Stefano Bonaccini (PD). The League's list obtained 32.0% and came second after

16244-487: Was established in December 2017 as the sister party of the LN, active in northern Italy , and as the replacement of Us with Salvini (NcS), LN's previous affiliate in central and southern Italy . The new party aimed at offering LN's values and policies to the rest of the country. Some political commentators described the LSP as a parallel party of the LN, with the aim of politically replacing it, also because of its statutory debt of €49 million. Indeed, since January 2020,

16375-412: Was founded as a sister party to promote Salvini's candidature as Prime Minister. Political commentators have since described it as a parallel party of the League, with the aim of politically replacing the latter, which had been burdened by a statutory debt of €49 million. In September 2017, Luigi Di Maio was selected as candidate for Prime Minister and political head of the M5S, replacing Grillo; in

16506-580: Was held on 4 March 2018 after the Italian Parliament was dissolved by President Sergio Mattarella on 28 December 2017. Voters were electing the 630 members of the Chamber of Deputies and the 315 elective members of the Senate of the Republic for the 18th legislature of the Italian Republic since 1948. The election took place concurrently with the Lombard and Lazio regional elections. No party or coalition gained an absolute majority in

16637-424: Was investigated following an accusation of cocaine transfer by two Romanian boys, a case that was archived in November. Also Paganella is no longer involved since he was elected senator in the 2022 general election . The League participates in 14 out of 21 sub-national governments (Italy has 20 regions, one of which, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , is composed of two autonomous provinces with dinstict autonony and

16768-528: Was more or less silently contested by the "centrist" wing of the party formed by Giancarlo Giorgetti , Zaia and all of the party's regional presidents, from Lombardy's Attilio Fontana to Friuli-Venezia Giulia 's Massimiliano Fedriga , who would become president of the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces in 2021. In January 2021, Conte's second government fell after losing support from Matteo Renzi 's Italia Viva party. Subsequently, President Sergio Mattarella appointed Mario Draghi to form

16899-575: Was re-elected president with 54.7% of the vote, 20pp more than his closest opponent (while Moratti was a distant third and would return to FI one year later), as well as improving the 2018's tally. While FdI became the region's largest party with 25.2%, the combined score of the Lombard League and Fontana's personal list was 22.7%. Also the CN, whose members might have voted Fontana's list in protest according to some sources, rejoiced, while being worried by FdI's largest party status. Contextually,

17030-520: Was rejected 59% to 41%. Under the reform, the Senate would have been composed of 100 members, of which 95 are regional representatives and five are presidential appointees. Following defeat in December 2016, Renzi stepped down as Prime Minister and was replaced by Minister of Foreign Affairs Paolo Gentiloni , another PD member and deputy. In early 2017, in opposition to Renzi's policies, some left-wing PD members led by Bersani, Massimo D'Alema , and Roberto Speranza launched, along with SI splinters,

17161-563: Was upheld in July 2020, plus a thorough reform of the public administration , the simplification of the civil trial , the recognition of same-sex unions (not marriages), and the abolition of several minor taxes. As a result of the Libyan Civil War , a major problem faced by Renzi was the high level of illegal immigration to Italy . During his tenure, there was an increase in the number of immigrants rescued at sea being brought to southern Italian ports, prompting criticism from

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