Elwell Stephen Otis (March 25, 1838 – October 21, 1909) was a United States Army general who served in the American Civil War , Indian Wars , the Philippines late in the Spanish–American War and during the Philippine–American War .
80-937: Otis was born in Frederick, Maryland on March 25, 1838. He attended the University of Rochester, where he was a member of the Iota chapter of St. Anthony Hall aka the Fraternity of Delta Psi. He graduated from Harvard Law School in 1860 and was practicing law during the first year of the Civil War. During the American Civil War , Otis was appointed captain in the 140th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment formed in Rochester, NY in September 1862. He fought at
160-619: A Catholic mission, to which Rev. Jean DuBois was assigned in 1792, which became St. John the Evangelist Church (built in 1800). To control this crossroads during the American Revolution , the British garrisoned a German Hessian regiment in the town; the war (the stone, L-shaped " Hessian Barracks " still stand). As the county seat for Western Maryland, Frederick not only was an important market town but also
240-543: A court-martial if they did not immediately write a retraction. Despite his attempts to prevent reports of atrocities from reaching the press, Otis did admit that he suspected his troops of having committed atrocities, stating: The conduct of the Washington Volunteers has been the subject of special investigations for some time. They deny wanton burning or cruelties. And still there are strong indications that they practised these infractions to some extent. He
320-406: A 16 percent increase from the city's 3,800 Asian residents in 2010. The city's Black or African-American population increased roughly 20 percent, from 12,144 in 2010 to 14,526 in 2020. According to American Community Survey estimates in 2021, for the roughly 33,907 households in the city, 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 30.4% had
400-610: A car trip to the presidential retreat, then called "Shangra-La" (now " Camp David ") within the Catoctin Mountains near Thurmont. Admiral Winfield Scott Schley (1839–1911) was born at "Richfields", the mansion home of his father. He became an important naval commander of the American fleet on board his flagship and heavy cruiser USS Brooklyn along with Admiral William T. Sampson in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba off
480-466: A diverse array of cuisines, including Italian American, Thai, Vietnamese, and Cuban, as well as a number of regionally recognized dining establishments. In addition to retail and dining, downtown Frederick is home to 600 businesses and organizations totaling nearly 5,000 employees. A growing technology sector can be found in downtown's historic renovated spaces, as well as in new office buildings located along Carroll Creek Park. Carroll Creek Park began as
560-429: A female householder with no spouse/partner present, and 20.3% male householders with no spouse/partner present. Approximately 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 2.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.97. Frederick's relative proximity to Washington, D.C. , has always been an important factor in
640-492: A flag) booed the Confederates in September 1862, as General Stonewall Jackson led his light infantry division through Frederick on his way to the battles of Crampton's, Fox's and Turner's Gaps on South Mountain and Antietam near Sharpsburg . Union Major General Jesse L. Reno 's IX Corps followed Jackson's men through the city a few days later on the way to the Battle of South Mountain , where Reno died. The sites of
720-510: A flood control project in the late 1970s. It was an effort to reduce the risk to downtown Frederick from the 100-year floodplain and restore economic vitality to the historic commercial district. Today, more than $ 150 million in private investing is underway or planned in new construction, infill development or historic renovation in the park area. The first phase of the park improvements, totaling nearly $ 11 million in construction, run from Court Street to just past Carroll Street. New elements to
800-429: A half dozen major churches. In 1793, All Saints Church hosted the first confirmation of an American citizen, by the newly consecrated Episcopal Bishop Thomas Claggett . That original colonial building was replaced in 1814 by a brick classical revival structure. It still stands today, although the principal worship space has become an even larger brick gothic church joining it at the back and facing Frederick's City Hall (so
880-873: A judicial sale to the Pennsylvania Railroad for $ 150,000. The railroad survived through mergers and the Penn-Central bankruptcy. However, the State of Maryland acquired the Frederick and Pennsylvania Line in 1982. As of 2013, all but two miles (3.2 km) at the southern terminus at Frederick still exist, operated by either the Walkersville Southern , or the Maryland Midland Railway (MMID) railroads. Jewish pioneers Henry Lazarus and Levy Cohan settled in Frederick in
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#1732771799799960-600: A large complex a few blocks further down Church Street from the Anglicans and the German Reformed Church. Methodist missionary Robert Strawbridge , who accepted an invitation to preach at Frederick town in 1770, and Francis Asbury , who arrived two years later, both helped found a congregation which became Calvary Methodist Church, worshipping in a log building from 1792 (although superseded by larger buildings in 1841, 1865, 1910 and 1930). Frederick also had
1040-761: A major north–south Native American trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay , both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C. , and across the Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio River watershed. Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport ( IATA : FDK), which accommodates general aviation , and Fort Detrick , a U.S. Army bioscience and communications research installation and Frederick County's largest employer. Located where Catoctin Mountain (the easternmost ridge of
1120-434: A prominent banker, and his wife Mary Margaret Schley helped organize and raise funds for the annual Great Frederick Fair, one of the two largest agricultural fairs in the State. Since the 1960s, the fair has featured many outstanding country-western singers and become a major music festival. Schley Avenue commemorates the family's role in the city's heritage. The Frederick and Pennsylvania Line railroad ran from Frederick to
1200-628: A time, and developed a reputation as an efficient cavalry officer, eventually becoming an inspector of cavalry for the War Department. Brevetted major for his actions commanding an independent detachment of the 4th United States Cavalry at the Battle of Okolona during the Meridian expedition, Charles S. Bowman died on January 13, 1868, while in Texas commanding the cavalry detachment at Camp Verde , Texas. Bowman's brother, Samuel Bowman ,
1280-462: A variety of shops and restaurants, comprising what Forbes magazine in 2010 called one of the United States' "Greatest Neighborhoods". Frederick has a bridge painted with a mural titled Community Bridge . The artist William Cochran has been acclaimed for the trompe-l'œil realism of the mural. Thousands of people sent ideas representing "community", which he painted on the stonework of
1360-809: Is the Tyler Spite House , built in 1814 at 112 W. Church Street by a local doctor to prevent the city from extending Record Street south through his land to meet West Patrick Street. Frederick also became one of the new nation's leading mining counties in the early 19th century. It exported gold, copper, limestone, marble, iron, and other minerals. As early as the American Revolution , Catoctin Furnace near Thurmont became an important source of iron production. Other mining areas split off into Washington County, Maryland and Allegheny County, Maryland but continued to ship their ore through Frederick to Eastern cities and ports. Frederick had easy access to
1440-450: Is well known for the "clustered spires" skyline of its historic downtown churches. These spires are depicted on the city's seal and many other city-affiliated logos and insignia. The phrase "clustered spires" is used as the name of several city locations such as Clustered Spires Cemetery and the city-operated Clustered Spires Golf Course. The scale of the older part of the city is dense, with streets and sidewalks suitable for pedestrians, and
1520-756: The American Revolutionary War . Other westward migrants continued south from Frederick to Roanoke along the Great Wagon Road, crossing the Appalachians into Kentucky and Tennessee at the Cumberland Gap near the Virginia/North Carolina border. Other German settlers in Frederick were Evangelical Lutherans , led by Rev. Henry Muhlenberg . They moved their mission church from Monocacy to what became
1600-460: The Battle of Peebles' Farm . During this battle he was severely wounded, which effectively ended his field career during the Civil War. He was promoted to brevet brigadier general of volunteers for actions at Peebles' Farm. Otis eventually recovered and was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 22nd U.S. Infantry in 1867. Otis continued serving in the army during the Indian Wars as part of
1680-1024: The Blue Ridge Mountains ) meets the rolling hills of the Piedmont region, the Frederick area became a crossroads long before European explorers and traders arrived. Native American hunters (possibly including the Susquehannocks , the Algonquian-speaking Shawnee , or the Seneca or Tuscarora or other members of the Iroquois Confederation ) followed the Monocacy River from the Susquehanna River watershed in Pennsylvania to
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#17327717997991760-640: The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal , which began operations in 1831 and continued hauling freight until 1924. Also in 1831, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) completed its Frederick Branch line from the Frederick (or Monocacy) Junction off the main Western Line from Baltimore to Harpers Ferry , Cumberland , and the Ohio River . The railroad reached Chicago and St. Louis by the 1850s. Frederick became Maryland's capital city briefly in 1861, as
1840-614: The Continental Army , the elder Bowman and a brother fought at Lexington as two of the village's 48 minutemen and as ensign of the 3rd Massachusetts Regiment of the Continental Line guarded the spy Major John André awaiting his execution in 1780, walking him to the gallows. Samuel Bowman was later promoted to Lieutenant of the 1st Regiment of the Massachusetts Line . One of his brothers
1920-612: The Great Appalachian Valley through Winchester and Roanoke, Virginia . Another important route continued along the Potomac River from near Frederick, to Hagerstown , where it split. One branch crossed the Potomac River near Martinsburg, West Virginia and continued down into the Shenandoah valley. The other continued west to Cumberland, Maryland , and ultimately crossed the Appalachian Mountains into
2000-729: The Köppen Climate Classification system, Frederick has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. Frederick is also the site of the highest temperature recorded in Maryland at 109 °F (42.8 °C) on July 10, 1936. As of the 2020 U.S. 2020 United States census , there were 78,171 people residing in Frederick city. 2020 census data put the racial makeup of the city at 48.9% White , 18.6% Black or African American , 0.2% Native American , 5.7% Asian American or Pacific Islander , and 20.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race. Roughly 5% of
2080-568: The Philippine–American War . He conducted the U.S. Army during the Battle of Manila in 1899 and during the first phase of the insurrection before fighting turned primarily to guerrilla warfare. When Filipino General Emilio Aguinaldo tried to stop the war by sending an emissary to General Otis to appeal for an end to the fighting in the Second Battle of Manila, Otis rejected it, insisting that "fighting, having begun, must go on to
2160-786: The Potomac River watershed and the lands of the more agrarian and maritime Algonquian peoples , particularly the Lenape of the Delaware valley or the Piscataway and Powhatan of the lower Potomac watershed and Chesapeake Bay. This became known as the Monocacy Trail or even the Great Indian Warpath , with some travelers continuing southward through the " Great Appalachian Valley " ( Shenandoah Valley , etc.) to
2240-413: The U.S. Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 23.96 square miles (62.06 km ), of which 23.79 square miles (61.62 km ) is land and 0.18 square miles (0.47 km ) is water. The city's area is predominantly land, with small areas of water being the Monocacy River , which runs to the east of the city, Carroll Creek (which runs through the city and causes periodic floods, such as that during
2320-461: The county seat of, Frederick County, Maryland , United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 census , making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland behind Baltimore . It is a part of the Washington metropolitan area and the greater Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area . The city is located at an important crossroads at the intersection of
2400-562: The "Battle that Saved Washington." The Monocacy National Battlefield lies just southeast of the city limits, along the Monocacy River at the B&O Railroad junction where two bridges cross the stream: an iron-truss bridge for the railroad and a covered wooden bridge for the Frederick-Urbana-Georgetown Pike, which was the site of the main battle of July 1864. Some skirmishing occurred further northeast of town at
2480-598: The 1740s as merchants. Mostly German Jewish immigrants organized a community in the mid-19th century, creating the Frederick Hebrew Congregation in 1858. Later the congregation lapsed, but was reorganized in 1917 as a cooperative effort between the older settlers and more recently arrived Eastern European Jews under the name Beth Sholom Congregation . In 1905, Rev. E. B. Hatcher started the First Baptist Church of Frederick. After
Elwell Stephen Otis - Misplaced Pages Continue
2560-700: The 22nd U.S. including campaigning in Montana in the aftermath of the Battle of the Little Bighorn . On February 8, 1880, he was appointed colonel of the 20th U.S. Infantry . On November 28, 1893, he was appointed brigadier general in the regular army. He later commanded the Department of the Columbia and the Department of Colorado. On May 4, 1898, he was appointed major general of volunteers and
2640-555: The Appalachian mountains (areas further west being disputed between the colonies of Virginia and Pennsylvania until 1789). The current town's first house was built by a young German Reformed schoolmaster from the Rhineland Palatinate named Johann Thomas Schley (died 1790), who led a party of immigrants (including his wife, Maria Von Winz) to the Maryland colony. The Palatinate settlers bought land from Dulany on
2720-685: The Arts , and the Maryland Ensemble Theatre). Frederick is the home of The Delaplaine Visual Arts Education Center, a leading non-profit in the region, as well as the Maryland Shakespeare Festival. Alexander Hamilton Bowman Alexander Hamilton Bowman (May 15, 1803 – November 11, 1865) was an engineer , military educator, and career officer in the United States Army . Bowman supervised
2800-406: The Civil War, the Maryland legislature established racially segregated public facilities by the end of the 19th century, re-imposing white supremacy. Black institutions were typically underfunded in the state, and it was not until 1921 that Frederick established a public high school for African Americans . First located at 170 West All Saints Street, it moved to 250 Madison Street, where it eventually
2880-517: The Frederick area will likely maintain a continued growth pattern over the next decade. Frederick has also been impacted by recent national trends centered on the gentrification of the downtown areas of cities across the nation (particularly in the northeast and mid-Atlantic), and to re-brand them as sites for cultural consumption. The Frederick Historic District in the city's downtown houses more than 200 retailers, restaurants and antique shops along Market, Patrick and East Streets. Restaurants feature
2960-541: The Pennsylvania–Maryland State line, a/k/a Mason–Dixon line . Chartered in 1867, construction began in 1869 and the line opened October 8, 1872. However, it defaulted on its interest payments in 1874 and was acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1875, which formed a new division to operate the rail line. In the spring of 1896, the Frederick and Pennsylvania Line railroad was liquidated in
3040-594: The Schifferstadt Architectural Museum. Schley's group was among the many Pennsylvania Dutch (ethnic Germans) (as well as Scots-Irish and French and later Irish ) who migrated south and westward in the late-18th century. Frederick was an important stop along the migration route that became known as the Great Wagon Road , which came down from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and Emmitsburg, Maryland and continued south following
3120-603: The Union soldiers of his IX Corps is on Reno Monument Road west of Middletown , just below the summit of Fox's Gap , as is a 1993 memorial to slain Confederate Brig. Gen. Samuel Garland Jr. , and the North Carolina troops who held the line. President Abraham Lincoln , on his way to visit Gen. George McClellan after the Battle of South Mountain and the Battle of Antietam , delivered a short speech at what
3200-424: The academy as "Assistant Professor of History, Geography, and Ethics." Both Jefferson Davis (Class of 1828) and Robert E. Lee (Class of 1829) attended the academy while Bowman was teaching there. Bowman was engaged engineering improvements on the facilities and defenses of Gulf Coast harbors for nine years. He built the military road between Memphis, Tennessee and Little Rock, Arkansas , then in 1835 Bowman
3280-492: The backdrop of the first ridge of the Appalachians at Catoctin Mountain . The abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier later immortalized this view of Frederick in his poem to " Barbara Fritchie ": "The clustered spires of Frederick stand/Green-walled by the hills of Maryland." When U.S. President Thomas Jefferson commissioned National Road from Baltimore toward St. Louis , eventually built to Vandalia , then
Elwell Stephen Otis - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-451: The banks of Carroll Creek , and Schley's house stood at the northwest corner of Middle Alley and East Patrick Street into the 20th century. Schley's settlers also founded a German Reformed Church (today known as Evangelical Reformed Church, and part of the UCC ). Probably the oldest house still standing in Frederick today is Schifferstadt , built in 1756 by German settler Joseph Brunner and now
3440-699: The battles are due west of the city along the National Road , west of Burkittsville . Confederate troops under Jackson and Walker unsuccessfully attempted to halt the Federal army's westward advance into the Cumberland Valley and towards Sharpsburg . Gathland State Park has the War Correspondents' Memorial stone arch erected by reporter/editor George Alfred Townsend (1841–1914). The 1889 memorial commemorating Major General Reno and
3520-536: The battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg . On December 23, 1863, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of his regiment. At the Battle of Spotsylvania the regiment's colonel was killed and Otis assumed command. He fought in all the battles of the Overland Campaign . During the Siege of Petersburg , he assumed command of the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division in V Corps leading it into action at
3600-444: The bridge. The residents of Frederick call it "the mural", "painted bridge", or more commonly, the "mural bridge". The Frederick Arts Council is the designated arts organization for Frederick County. The organization is charged with promoting, supporting, and advocating the arts. There are over ten art galleries in downtown Frederick, and three theaters are located within 50 feet of each other (Cultural Arts Center, Weinberg Center for
3680-416: The city's population was of two or more races, with 0.6% categorized as "Some Other Race". In regard to minority group growth, the 2020 census data show the city's Hispanic population at 16,368, a 74 percent increase compared with 9,402 in 2010, making Hispanics/Latinos the fastest growing race group in the city and in Frederick county (87 percent increase ). Frederick city had 4,425 Asian residents in 2020,
3760-480: The current twin-spired structure in 1852. The oldest African-American church in the town is Asbury United Methodist Church, founded as the Old Hill Church, a mixed congregation in 1818. It became an African-American congregation in 1864, renamed Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church in 1870, and built its current building on All Saints Street in 1921. Together, these churches dominated the town, set against
3840-457: The development of its local economy, along with the presence of Fort Detrick , its largest employer. Frederick is the home of Riverside Research Park , a large biomedical research park located on Frederick's east side. Tenants include the relocated main offices of the National Cancer Institute 's Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research as well as Charles River Labs . As a result of continued and enhanced federal government investment,
3920-433: The erection of Charleston Harbor defenses, including Fort Sumter , and served as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York , during the American Civil War . Alexander H. Bowman was born on May 15, 1803, at Bowman's Hill in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania , the sixth child of farmer Samuel Bowman. One of seven brothers who participated in the American Revolutionary War as soldiers in
4000-518: The first Saturday of every month, Frederick hosts an evening event in the downtown area called "First Saturday". Each Saturday has a theme, and activities are planned according to those themes in the downtown area (particularly around the Carroll Creek Promenade). The event spans a ten-block area of Frederick and takes place from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. During the late spring, summer, and early fall months, this event draws particularly large crowds from neighboring cities and towns in Maryland, and nearby locations in
4080-412: The grim end." In May 1899, the American Anti-Imperialist League published a pamphlet of letters allegedly written by U.S. soldiers in the Philippines that documented numerous atrocities committed by troops, leading to a wide public backlash against Otis and the war. In response, Otis denied to the press that any abuses had been committed, and tracked down the authors of the letters, threatening them with
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#17327717997994160-415: The house at Bowman's Hill. Bowman had married Marie Louise Collins, daughter of Antoine Collins and Mary Pyburn in Pensacola, Florida, on February 19, 1835. The couple had the following children: Charles Stuart Bowman was himself a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy in 1860. The younger Bowman mustered Kansas volunteer and Native American companies for the Union Army, commanded Fort Leavenworth for
4240-442: The latter's disastrous performance at Chancellorsville in May. The Army of the Potomac camped around the Prospect Hall property for the several days as skirmishers pursued Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia before Gettysburg . A large granite rectangular monument made from one of the boulders at the "Devil's Den" in Gettysburg to the east along the driveway commemorates the midnight change-of-command. In July 1864, in
4320-406: The legislature moved from Annapolis to vote on the secession question. President Lincoln arrested several members, and the assembly was unable to convene a quorum to vote on secession. As a major crossroads, Frederick, like Winchester, Virginia , and Martinsburg, West Virginia , saw considerable action during the American Civil War . Slaves also escaped from or through Frederick (since Maryland
4400-485: The office in the brief period between Beauregard's and Bowman's commands. As a career officer of the Corps of Engineers , Bowman served on many boards and commissions related to maritime improvements like lighthouses, river improvements and military defenses. Bowman died at the home his father had built and he had expanded on Bowman's Hill in Wilkes-Barre, November 11, 1865. Bowman's widow, Marie Louise Bowman survived her husband and both her sons by many years, dying in
4480-447: The parish remains the oldest Episcopal Church in western Maryland). The main Catholic church, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, was built in 1800, then rebuilt in 1837 (across the street) one block north of Church Street on East Second Street, where it still stands along with a school and convent established by the Visitation Sisters . The stone Evangelical Lutheran Church of 1752 was also rebuilt and enlarged in 1825, then replaced by
4560-544: The park include brick pedestrian paths, water features, planters with shade trees and plantings, pedestrian bridges and a 350-seat amphitheater for outdoor performances. A recreational and cultural resource, the park also serves as an economic development catalyst, with private investment along the creek functioning as a key component to the park's success. More than 400,000 sf of office space; 150,000 sf of commercial/retail space; nearly 300 residential units; and more than 2,000 parking spaces are planned or under construction. On
4640-439: The river's periodic flooding, hostilities predating the French and Indian War , or simply Frederick's better location with easier access to the Potomac River near its confluence with the Monocacy. Daniel Dulany , a land speculator, laid out what was initially called Frederick Town by 1745. Three years earlier, All Saints Church had been founded on a hilltop near a warehouse/trading post. Sources disagree as to which Frederick
4720-453: The seat of justice. Although Montgomery County and Washington County were split off from Frederick County in 1776, Frederick remained the seat of the smaller (though still large) county. Important lawyers who practiced in Frederick included John Hanson , Francis Scott Key and Roger B. Taney . Frederick was also known during the nineteenth century for its religious pluralism, with one of its main thoroughfares, Church Street, hosting about
4800-402: The shores of the Spanish island colony of Cuba in the Spanish–American War in 1898. Major Henry Schley's son, Dr. Fairfax Schley, was instrumental in setting up the Frederick County Agricultural Society and the Great Frederick Fair. Gilmer Schley served as Mayor from 1919 to 1922, and the Schleys remained one of the town's leading families into the late-20th century. Nathaniel Wilson Schley,
4880-438: The south wing extension of the U.S. Treasury Building . On January 23, 1861, during Secession Winter and with war looming, Creole P.G.T. Beauregard was offered the office of USMA Superintendent to replace Richard Delafield . When Louisiana seceded from the Union on January 26, 1861, Beauregard's orders were revoked by the War Department, and Major Bowman was assigned to replace him (colonel ex officio ). Delafield resumed
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#17327717997994960-426: The state capital of Illinois, National Pike ran through Frederick along Patrick Street; it later became U.S. Route 40 . Frederick's Jacob Engelbrecht corresponded with Jefferson in 1824 and received a transcribed psalm from Jefferson in return. Engelbrecht kept a diary from 1819 through 1878, which remains an important first-hand account of 19th century life on National Road. An important house remaining from this era
5040-402: The stone-arched "Jug Bridge" where the National Road crossed the Monocacy; and an artillery bombardment occurred along the National Road west of town near Red Man's Hill and Prospect Hall mansion as the Union troops retreated eastward. Antietam National Battlefield and South Mountain State Battlefield Park which commemorates the 1862 battles are located 23 miles and 35 miles respectively to
5120-408: The summer of 1972 and fall of 1976), as well as several neighborhood ponds and small city owned lakes, such as Culler Lake, a man-made small body of water in the downtown area. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally cool winters. It lies to the west of the fall line , which gives the city slightly lower temperatures compared to locales further east. According to
5200-418: The third Southern invasion, Confederate troops led by Lieutenant General Jubal Early occupied Frederick and extorted $ 200,000 ($ 3.9 million in 2023 dollars ) from citizens for not razing the city on their way to Washington, D.C. Union troops under Major General Lew Wallace fought a successful delaying action, in what became the last significant Confederate advance at the Battle of Monocacy , also known as
5280-424: The town was named for, but the likeliest candidates are Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (one of the proprietors of Maryland ), Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales , and Frederick the Great , King of Prussia. In 1748, Frederick County was formed by carving a section off of Prince George's County . Frederick Town (now Frederick) was made the county seat of Frederick County . The county originally extended to
5360-436: The tri-state area (Virginia and Pennsylvania). The average number of attendees visiting downtown Frederick during first Saturday events is around 11,000, with higher numbers from May to October. According to the county's comprehensive annual financial reports , the top employers by number of employees in the county are the following. ("NR" indicates the employer was not ranked among the top ten employers that year.) Frederick
5440-407: The watershed of the Ohio River . Thus, British General Edward Braddock marched his troops (including the youthful George Washington ) west in 1755 through Frederick on the way to their fateful ambush near Fort Duquesne (later Fort Pitt , then Pittsburgh ) during the French and Indian War . However, the British after the Proclamation of 1763 restricted that westward migration route until after
5520-503: The west-northwest. While Gettysburg National Battlefield of 1863 lies approximately 35 miles (56 km) to the north-northeast. The reconstructed home of Barbara Fritchie stands on West Patrick Street, just past Carroll Creek linear park. Fritchie, a significant figure in Maryland history in her own right, is buried in Frederick's Mount Olivet Cemetery . British Prime Minister Winston Churchill quoted Whittier's poem to President Franklin D. Roosevelt when they stopped here in 1941 on
5600-426: The western Piedmont in North Carolina , or traveling down other watersheds in Virginia toward the Chesapeake Bay , such as those of the Rappahannock , James , and York Rivers . The earliest European settlement was slightly north of Frederick in Monocacy, Maryland . Monocacy was founded before 1730 (when the Indian trail became a wagon road) and was abandoned before the American Revolutionary War , likely due to
5680-403: Was Louisa Bowman, the daughter of Alexander Hamilton Bowman and Marie Louisa Collins. The couple had one child. They were married in 1878. Louisa "Lulu" Otis, the widow of Elwell Otis died in Santa Barbara, California on June 8, 1934. For many years on June 15, Rochester, New York celebrated Otis Day. This is no longer the case. Frederick, Maryland Frederick is a city in, and
5760-962: Was adapted as South Frederick Elementary. The building presently houses the Lincoln Elementary School. The Laboring Sons Memorial Grounds , a cemetery for free blacks , was founded in 1851. Frederick is located in Frederick County in the northern part of the state of Maryland. The city has served as a major crossroads since colonial times. Today it is located at the junction of Interstate 70 , Interstate 270 , U.S. Route 340 , U.S. Route 40 , U.S. Route 40 Alternate and U.S. Route 15 (which runs north–south). In relation to nearby cities, Frederick lies 46 miles (74 km) west of Baltimore , 50 miles (80 km) north and slightly west of Washington, D.C. , 24 miles (39 km) southeast of Hagerstown and 71 miles (114 km) southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania . According to
5840-521: Was continued by Bowman and his engineers. Bowman returned to the academy in 1851, taught applied engineering to first class cadets, and was "Commandant of Sappers, Miners, and Pontoniers." Captain Bowman returned to Charleston for a year, working on engineering projects in Georgetown, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia , before assignment in 1853 to Washington, D.C., superintending construction of
5920-614: Was killed at Monmouth , but after 1786 Captain Samuel and several of his siblings moved to the Wyoming Valley of northeast Pennsylvania. Appointed to the United States Military Academy from his native state on June 1, 1821, Bowman proved an excellent student, graduating third in his class of 37, and was appointed to the corps of engineers in 1825. Second Lieutenant Bowman spent one year teaching at
6000-482: Was known as "Granny" by his troops because of his age and graying hair. On the other hand, Rudolph Rau writes of Otis' work in the Philippines that "He delegated no authority, was pompous and fuzzy, and inspired few". He died in Rochester, New York on October 21, 1909, from painful angina. Elwell S. Otis married twice. His first wife was Louise Selden. They married in 1870, and had two daughters: His second wife
6080-564: Was promoted to First Lieutenant of engineers, and married Marie Louise Colin, a native of Pensacola, Florida . After three years working in the Tennessee and Cumberland River systems, Bowman was again promoted. In 1838, Captain Bowman began a long period supervising construction of the jetties and defenses of the harbor in Charleston, South Carolina . The Third system island coastal fortification Fort Sumter , started in 1827,
6160-460: Was relieved of command in 1900 and replaced by Arthur MacArthur Jr. , the father of Douglas MacArthur . He returned to the United States and commanded the Department of the Lakes . He was appointed major general in the regular army in 1906. Otis was a skilled general and able administrator. However, he was generally disliked by his subordinates and peers and received harsh treatment in the press. He
6240-491: Was sent to the Philippines with reinforcements for General Wesley Merritt . Otis assumed command of the Eighth Army Corps , replacing Merritt, who had become the military governor of the Philippines. Merritt served as military governor only briefly before he returned to the United States. On August 28, 1898, Otis was appointed Military Governor for the Philippines. He also continued in command of Eighth Corps during
6320-718: Was still a "slave state" although it had not seceded) to join the Union forces, work against the Confederacy and seek freedom. During the Maryland campaigns , both Union and Confederate troops marched through the city. Frederick also hosted several hospitals to nurse the wounded from those battles, as is related in the National Museum of Civil War Medicine on East Patrick Street. A legend related by John Greenleaf Whittier claimed that Frederick's Pennsylvania Dutch women (including Barbara Fritchie who reportedly waved
6400-762: Was then the B&O Railroad depot at the current intersection of East All Saints and South Market Streets. A plaque commemorates the speech (at what is today the Frederick Community Action Agency, a Social Services office). At the Prospect Hall mansion off Jefferson Street to Buckeystown Pike near what is now Butterfly Lane, in the early morning hours of June 28, 1863, a messenger arrived from President Abraham Lincoln and General-in-Chief Henry Halleck , informing General George Meade that he would be replacing General Joseph Hooker after
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