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53-487: The institution was created by the Colombian National Police with the main function of instructing recruits to become officers, enlisted, agents, detectives and other technical and administrative services. It was formally restructured by the presidential Decree 343 of 21 February 1940 during the mandate of president Eduardo Santos in an effort to shape the institution into a more efficient entity with

106-726: A class of 30 junior officers. Its main purpose is to develop programs in undergraduate, graduate and further studies in Criminal Investigation, Forensics and Judicial Police. This faculty has an undergraduate program on Criminal Investigation and four specialisations This Faculty offers six subfields: This faculty crosstrains with most of the other faculties, mostly with the Police Air Pilots Formation, Aeronautical Technician Formation and Road Security Professional Technician, and others, but also studies subjects more in depth to achieve specialties like

159-457: A constitutional amendment repealed the 2004 changes and reverted to the original one-term limit. The inauguration of the President is made up of various ceremonies and traditions carried out on August 7 every four years. Through democratic elections or coups, resignations and deaths, presidential inaugurations have been important events in the history of Colombia, which at the same time mark

212-673: A major in law or previously been an Instructional Judge. Non-commissioned officers and sub-lieutenants were allowed as Fourth Class detectives if they reached the condition needed of being younger than 35 years old. By this same time a Detective Promotions board was established and conformed by the Director of the National Police, the Secretary of the National Police, the Director of the National Department of Security,

265-516: A way to make the test safely delivered to the students and preventing fraudulent results or illegal copying. Between September 7 and 8, 1968, the National Testing Service conducted Colombia's first National Examinations, in which the following components were evaluated: mathematical aptitude, verbal aptitude, abstract reasoning, spatial relations, social sciences and philosophy, chemistry, physics, biology and English. Currently

318-571: Is described that the president has the function of directing the public force and disposing of it as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. of the Republic. The Executive Branch is responsible for executing, in a coordinated manner, all the administrative activities that are at the service of the general interests of the community for the fulfillment of the essential purposes of the State . It

371-449: Is distributed into six academic semesters. It contains two indoctrine fields: Police fundamentals and the complementary, this last one subdivided into legal, administrative and investigative areas. The current curriculum is focused on improving essentially the professional police indoctrination on human rights , ethical and legal principles focused on civil liberties and warranties for Colombian citizens. By resolution 2252 of 17 August 2000

424-492: Is represented by the President of the Republic, who symbolizes national unity , is the head of state , head of government and supreme administrative authority. The National Government is formed by the President of the Republic, the ministers of the office and the directors of administrative departments. The President and the corresponding Minister or Director of the Department, in each particular business, constitute

477-598: Is that of a lawyer. The president and vice president serve a term of office of four years after being elected by popular vote . Since 2015, the president is barred from running for reelection, even for a nonconsecutive term. From 1910 to 2005, the president was limited to a single term. However, on 24 November 2005, the Colombian Congress introduced the Electoral Guarantees Law (Ley de Garantias Electorales), which modified Article 152, of

530-635: Is the house where the Colombian president receives international guests. Likewise, the President has the Hato Grande country estate, located in Sopó , Cundinamarca as a resting place, which belonged to General Francisco de Paula Santander and was later acquired by the businessman from Antioquia Pepe Sierra , whose family donated it to the national government. When traveling within Colombia or abroad,

583-622: Is the improving of quality of education in Colombia. The ICFES exam is a standardized test similar to the American SAT . The test is administered prior to graduation in Colombian high schools. (Grade 11th). The test is thoroughly developed and published by the ICFES. Although ICFES provides several tests for different academic purposes, the ICFES test is nationally recognized as the most important test since it qualifies students according to their actual academic skills and therefore it can affect

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636-677: Is the role of the president as Commander-in-Chief of the Colombian Military Forces . The power to declare war is constitutionally vested in Congress, but the president has ultimate responsibility for the direction and disposition of the armed forces . The exact degree of authority that the Constitution grants to the president as commander in chief has been ratified in article 189 of the Constitution , where it

689-692: The Casa de Nariño . Since 1958 it was given to the Presidential Guard Battalion, a sui generis organization in the National Army , with a representation of the four arms and its units were called Infantry , Cavalry , Artillery and Engineers . Colombian Institute for the Promotion of Higher Education ICFES is an acronym for Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior ("Colombian Institute for

742-699: The Colombian Constitution of 1991 and allowed a president to run for a second term. The President or Vice President running for re-election was required to formally notify the National Electoral Council and guarantee a fair competition for the other contenders. Participation of acting officials in political proselytism was standardized. Presidents or vice presidents not running for office were barred from participating on political proselytism. If one or both were running, they could only engage in political activity four months before

795-627: The Colombian Institute for the Promotion of Higher Education (ICFES) in resolution 1721 of 1982 the academy's license remains effective until 1987. By resolution 0161 of January 26 the National Police Directorate approves a new "Study Plan" which includes a renovated University formation program featuring an extension to the length of formation time to total an entire year. By 1991 the Academy begins and develops

848-748: The National Government is formed by the president of Colombia, the vice president of Colombia , the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia and the Directors of the Administrative Departments of Colombia . Any official from these entities constitute the Government of Colombia in any particular business. Any act by the president of Colombia, in order to be legal and enforceable, must be sanctioned by any of

901-747: The United States agencies Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) due to the recent War on Drugs and the implementation of the Plan Colombia which has become part of the War on terror and because of its experience on these it has become as one of the most apt educational centers for law enforcement in Latin America . Other countries also hold exchange programs with

954-447: The executive branch of Colombia . The president must be a natural-born citizen of Colombia, at least 30 years of age. The Constitution of Colombia requires the president to meet the same eligibility requirements as the president that can be re-elected. Individuals are eligible to serve an unlimited number of terms as president. The modern presidential campaign begins before primary elections, which political parties use to clear

1007-558: The ministries or department directors, who will also be held responsible for the act. The only exception is if the president appoints or removes ministers, administrative departments' directors and any other officials appointed by him under his administrative authority. Governors of the Departments of Colombia , mayors of Municipalities of Colombia , as well as regional superintendents of Colombia, public establishments and industrial and commercial state owned enterprises, are all part of

1060-569: The national flag , currently the presidential sash consists of the colors of the flag in the same order with the only difference that it consists of the coat of arms in the central part, emulating the presidential flag Currently the official residence of the Colombian president is the Casa de Nariño . While in office, the president has the right to use its facilities and personnel, including medical care, recreation, domestic services, and security services. The first presidential palace where Simón Bolívar dispatched after Independence of Colombia

1113-503: The primary elections . Also, if the president and/or vice president were running for office, they could participate in their political party 's selection mechanism to postulate candidates. In 2010, the Constitutional Court of Colombia threw out a planned referendum to allow presidents to run for three consecutive terms. It ruled that Colombian presidents could only serve two terms, even if they are nonconsecutive. In 2015,

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1166-512: The Academy is authorized to operate as a Higher Education Institution. Initially the Police Administrator formation was designed to go through a system of cycles lasting 20 weeks each. By the end of the fourth cycle the recruit changed of status, from cadet to sub-lieutenant (aka alférez ) rank that would be held for 40 weeks more in order to receive the grade of "Police Administrator technician", then return to classes and go through

1219-495: The Academy was authorized to credit the Criminalistic (Forensic Sciences) Program. The General Santander Academy is divided into four faculties: Its mission is to develop undergraduate and graduate programs to form ideal and efficient professional policemen that can effectively contribute to the benefit of the community. The faculty is subdivided into four advising groups: This Faculty began activities on June 1988 with

1272-624: The Academy, most of them from Latin America; Bolivia , Chile , Costa Rica , Ecuador , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Panama , Peru and Venezuela . From Europe only Spain maintains an exchange program through the Complutense University of Madrid . 4°35′25″N 74°07′49″W  /  4.59028°N 74.13028°W  / 4.59028; -74.13028 Presidents of Colombia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The President of Colombia ( President of

1325-568: The Alumni Department is created to lead the preparation, formation and education of the National Police regular personnel and improve administrative and technical services. By Decree 343 of 21 February 1940 the Academy is finally organized. Since the Colombian National Ministry of Education approved the academic programs of "Police Studies" and "Police Administration" by resolution Number 9354 of 25 October 1976

1378-863: The Decree 421 of 28 February, the Alumni Department is organized and assigned to the General Santander National Police Academy with the mission of forming professional National Police functionaries in its different areas, everything ruled by the Alumni Council. Decree 1187 of 15 May established National Police ranks for detectives, in an ascendant order and depending on time in rank. Fourth Class detectives, 2 years in rank; Third Class detectives, 3 years in rank; Second Class detectives, 4 years in rank; First Class Detectives and Detective in Chief with an additional requirement of

1431-694: The Director of the General Santander Academy and the Personnel Department Chief. These detectives were sorted internally into different promotional categories taking in consideration the time in grade, professional aptitudes, instruction and conduct observed in the institution. On 5 August 1938, President Alfonso López Pumarejo officially inaugurates the General Santander National Police Academy Buildings. In 1939

1484-673: The Government. The responsibility of judging the president of the republic is found in the Supreme Court of Justice , the main body in the event that the president is taken to Political Trial, within the actions of the Supreme Court there will be 7 of which are, Judge the President of the Republic or whoever acts in his place and the senior officials referred to in article 174, for any punishable act imputed to them, in accordance with article 175 numerals 2 and 3. it requires

1537-417: The ICFES exam has a duration of nine hours, divided into blocks of four and a half hours. The test happens two times each year, in different moments for students of different calendars. The first time on march, and the second time on august. ICFES is divided into five categories, each having a maximum score of 100: The exam has a total possible score of 500, but very few students have gotten that score over

1590-625: The Judicial Police School which contains different programs in Documentology, Dactyloscopy , Judicial Photography, Ballistics , Explosives , Planimetry, Vehicle identification and judicial police. Personnel from the National Police, Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad or Administrative Department of Security (DAS), Attorney General of Colombia and its unit Cuerpo Técnico de Investigación (CTI). The General Santander Academy holds strategic alliances primarily with

1643-564: The National Unity, and after taking an oath to the Constitution of Colombia and swearing to defend and protect the nation's laws, he is charged to guarantee and protect the rights and liberties of all Colombian nationals. The Administrative Department of the Presidency of Colombia has the commission to assist or support the president of Colombia on its constitutional mandated functions and legal issues. Article 115 states that

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1696-590: The Police "professionalization". By resolution 02891 of October 2, 1991, The ICFES approves a reform to the "Study Plan" to change the name of "Police Studies Technology" into "Criminalistics and Police Technology", plan that would last until 11 September 1997 when by resolution 02668, the Colombian Ministry of Defense and the National Police Directorate approve a new "Study Plan" that remains in effect. The new "Study Plan" program lasts for three years and it

1749-449: The President of the Republic uses the presidential plane identified with the registration FAC 0001 , (a Boeing 737 Business Jet BBJ class). The president also uses two helicopters in VIP configuration, a Bell 412 with the registration FAC 0004 and a UH-60 Black Hawk with the registration FAC 0007. On December 7, 1927, President Miguel Abadía Méndez signed a decree officially founding

1802-600: The Presidential Guard. On August 16, 1928, the battalion was given its current name, with its first commander being Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Perea Sanclemente. Memorable actions of this battalion are remembered such as the protection given to the president during the violent acts of the Bogotazo (April 9, 1948) and during the Palace of Justice Siege on November 6, 1985. Resolution 3446 of August 17, 1955, created

1855-456: The Promotion of Higher Education"). It is a Colombian organization that manages and evaluates the education and Institutes (Schools and Facilities) in Colombia . It has the legal power to shut down schools that do not meet educational standards and it manages and provides the national evaluation test for entering higher education institutions (Colleges and Universities). The institute's mission

1908-527: The Republic ) is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia . The president heads the executive branch of the national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Military Forces of Colombia . The power of the presidency has grown substantially since the first president, Simón Bolívar , took office in 1819. While presidential power has waxed and waned over time,

1961-746: The Studies Prefecture along with Ricardo Rodríguez Aranza, Francisco Bruno, Miguel Lleras Pizarro, Roberto Pineda Castillo, Ernesto Antolínez, José Manuel Mosquera, Enrique Vargas and Jorge Valencia. The first class was named Simon Bolivar in honor of El Libertador . Emiliano Camargo Rodríguez was assigned as the class commander and Luis A. Cárdenas and Rey Prato as section commanders. The courses focused on instruction on civility , Colombian geography , Colombian constitution, Police code, Penal code and proceedings, typing, topography , Forensics , organisation and documentation, leadership school, military doctrine, Equestrianism and Hippology . With

2014-519: The advice of the minister of foreign affairs , become binding with the force of national law. While foreign affairs have always been an important element of presidential responsibilities, technological advances since the adoption of the Constitution have increased presidential power. Where previously ambassadors were vested with significant power by the president to negotiate independently on Colombia's behalf, presidents now routinely meet directly with leaders of foreign countries. As head of state ,

2067-409: The beginning of new eras. The presidential sash is considered symbolic , which determines the figure of the president, there are no official records, but the first presidential sash was introduced by Antonio Nariño , who simulated the decoration sash of order , over the years it has had different designs being one of the most characteristic, its first design that only consisted of the 3 colors of

2120-428: The field of candidates before their national nominating conventions, where the most successful candidate is the party's or coalition's presidential candidate. In general, the presidential candidate of the party or, failing that, the coalition of parties chooses a candidate for the vice-presidency, generally being the second with the highest number of votes in the convention. The most common previous profession of presidents

2173-409: The last three cycles in order to receive the title of "Professional Police Administrator" and receive further promotion to advanced rank grades; captain, major, etc. The Academy always considers three fields for formation in its plan of study; professional, scientific/investigative and humane/social. Each field divided into subfields and subjects in order to achieve a speciality knowledge. by mandate of

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2226-483: The medallion “Guardia Presidencial” and Decree 1880 of 1988 ruled the award merits for this prize given to the distinguished members of the battalion for their loyalty, service and good behavior. Since August 16, 1928, the security of the president has been in the hands of the Presidential Guard , who also has the mission of maintaining the security of the president, his family and his official residence,

2279-791: The possibilities that a student might have to be accepted in College. The test was originally created in 1966, when the Colombian Association of Universities and the University Fund signed the Agreement number 65. This agreement was reached after a research made by the Colombian Government and members of Colombian Universities. The test is an intensive one. The test is totally managed by ICFES and different contracts with companies that transport valuables as

2332-597: The presidency has played an increasingly important role in Colombian political life since the early 20th century, with a notable expansion during the presidency of Álvaro Uribe . The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura , convened in December 1819, when Colombia was the " Gran Colombia ". The first president, General Simón Bolívar , took office in 1819. His position, initially self-proclaimed,

2385-535: The president is the visible face of Colombia's domestic and foreign policy . In his role as leader, one of his aspects is to represent and safeguard the international image of the country, since 1934, the year in which it was officially created, it is the protocol office of the First Lady , she is the one who is in charge of accompanying the president at his receptions. and state visits abroad, gaining more importance over time. The president of Colombia symbolizes

2438-560: The president to "receive the ambassadors." This clause, known as the Reception Clause, has been interpreted to imply that the president possesses broad power over matters of foreign policy, and endorses the exclusive authority of the president to grant recognition to a foreign government. The Constitution also empowers the president to appoint Colombian ambassadors and to propose and mainly negotiate agreements between Colombia and other countries . Such agreements, upon receiving

2491-645: The requirement of having a previous intellectual preparation, professional attitude, moral attitude and the vocation to become a policeman. Gómez also initiates a selection process to hire highly prepared Professors from the Law Faculty of the National University of Colombia , selecting Copete Lizarralde, Arturo Valencia Zea, Adolfo Vélez Echeverri, Augusto Sastre, Alfonso Ruiz Ojeda, Moisés Spath Nerel, Guillermo Meléndez Ramírez, José Alejandro Mantilla and Guillermo Fernández. Luis Alberto Pinzón directed

2544-459: The support of Decree 776 of 14 April which set the dotation needed per personnel, unified and assigned more objective functions to the police force. Decree 343 also set Luis Andrés Gómez as the first director of the institution, who assigned the staff personnel for it, as also established in the Decree 77610. One of his main purposes was to achieve a status of university for the Colombian policemen. The institution initially offered four courses with

2597-416: The term. In total, 34 people have served in 36 presidencies that span 48 four-year terms, with Alfonso López Pumarejo , Álvaro Uribe and Juan Manuel Santos being the only ones with double terms, in the case of López Pumarejo non-consecutive. Gustavo Petro is the 34th and current president of the Republic of Colombia, having assumed office on August 7, 2022. One of the most important executive powers

2650-402: The years. Most students desire to get a score above 400 points to have a higher chance to enter at a public college or get a scholarship for a private university. ICFES also works as a mediating system between schools and colleges. It has a close relationship with most institutions by keeping and maintaining important databases regarding scores, teachers and alumni. It also participates as

2703-573: Was born to use it as an official residence. In 1906, the architect Gastón Lelarge transformed the property into the Palacio de la Carrera and in 1979 the architect Fernando Alsina remodeled the building to the current Casa de Nariño and designed the Plaza de Armas that left it directly connected to the National Capitol . The House of Illustrious Guests in the city of Cartagena de Indias

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2756-409: Was subsequently ratified by Congress. The president is directly elected through Universal Suffrage for a period of four years, along with the vice president . According to article 125 , ratified in 2018, no person who has been elected for a presidential term can be elected for a second. In addition, three vice presidents have become president by virtue of the death or resignation of a president during

2809-660: Was the former Palace of the Viceroys, which was located on the western side of the Plaza Mayor of Bogotá (where the Palacio Liévano is currently located). The 1827 earthquake left the property partially destroyed, for which reason the presidential office and the official residence were moved to the Palacio de San Carlos . In 1885, the president Rafael Núñez ordered the purchase of the house where Antonio Nariño

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