3-655: The Gentile Reform of 1923 was a reform of the Italian educational system through a series of normative acts (royal legislative decrees of 31 December 1922, n. 1679, 16 July 1923, n. 1753, 6 May 1923, n. 1054, 30 September 1923, n. 2102 and 1 October 1923, n. 2185), by the neo-idealist philosopher Giovanni Gentile , minister of education in Benito Mussolini 's first cabinet. It officially recognized 21 universities in Italy. Reform Reform refers to
6-486: The civil service , and public financial management . In the United States, rotation in office or term limits would, in contrast, be more revolutionary, by altering basic political connections between incumbents and constituents. Reform capacity might be limited by the political system or state capacity . When used to describe something which is physically formed again, such as re- casting ( moulding ) or
9-570: The improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The modern usage of the word emerged in the late 18th century and is believed to have originated from Christopher Wyvill 's Association movement , which identified “Parliamentary Reform” as its primary aim. Reform is generally considered antithetical to revolution . Developing countries may implement a range of reforms to improve living standards, often with support from international financial institutions and aid agencies . This can involve reforms to macroeconomic policy ,
#234765