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25-654: Geojedo covers an area of 383.44 square kilometres (148.05 sq mi), the second largest island in South Korea, after Jeju Island . The landscape features several peaks: Gara (580 metres, 1,900 ft), Daegeum (437.5 metres, 1,435 ft) and Guksabong (400 metres, 1,300 ft). Geojedo is known for its rich deposits of granite. The southern belt of Geojedo, together with part of Namhaedo in Namhae County , belongs to Hallyeo Maritime National Park . Geojedo features several natural harbors. Shipbuilding

50-415: A genocide . The commission verified 14,373 people killed during the uprising, 86% by security forces and 14% by rebels. The commission estimated the total death toll at around 30,000. Other sources have estimated higher at 80,000 to 100,000 killed. The act of mentioning the uprising was punishable by beatings, torture, and harsh prison sentences by the South Korea government until the mid-1990s, after which

75-612: A vassal state of Korea under the Goryeo dynasty . In April 1330, in the midst of political purges of the Yuan dynasty , Toghon Temür had been sent in Exile on this remote island, which was then part of the vassal Korean Goguryeo . In 1404, Taejong of Joseon placed the island under firm central control and brought the Tamna kingdom to an end. From April 1948 to May 1949, it was the site of

100-442: A gentle slope around Hallasan Mountain in the center. The length of the main road is 181 km (112 mi) and the coastline is 258 km (160 mi). On the northern end of Jeju Island is Gimnyeong Beach, on the southern end Songak Mountain, the western end Suwol Peak, and the eastern end Seongsan Ilchulbong . The island was formed by the eruption of an underwater volcano approximately 2 million years ago. It contains

125-509: A humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ). Seogwipo , the southern part of the island, is relatively warmer in winter than Jeju City because Hallasan in the middle of the island blocks continental seasonal winds. Downtown Seogwipo has the highest average temperature in January in Korea, even compared to mainland Korea. Seongsan-eup, on the southeastern side of the island, is directly affected by both

150-474: A natural World Heritage Site , the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes . Jeju Island has a subtropical climate ; even in winter, the temperature rarely falls below 0 °C (32 °F). Jeju is a popular holiday destination and a sizable portion of the economy relies on tourism and related economic activity. Historically, the island has been called by many different names including: Before

175-543: Is South Korea 's largest island, covering an area of 1,833.2 km (707.8 sq mi), which is 1.83% of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province. The island lies in the Korea Strait , south of the Korean Peninsula , and South Jeolla Province . It is located 82.8 km (51.4 mi) off the nearest point on

200-551: Is 232,807 as of October 2024. The name comes from Korean Geoje  'Great Crossing Island'; from 巨  'great, large' 濟  'crossing, ferry' and 島  'island'. During the Three Kingdoms period , Geojedo corresponded to one of the twelve states of Byeonhan (변한) state called Dokno (독로국; 瀆盧國). During the Silla period (신라시대), King Gyeongdeok in 757 A.D. first started to use

225-562: Is no discovered historical record of the founding or early history of Tamna. One legend tells that the three divine founders of the country—Go ( 고 ), Yang ( 양 ), and Bu ( 부 )—emerged from three holes in the ground in the 24th century BC. These holes, known as the Samseonghyeol ( 삼성혈 ), are still preserved in Jeju City . Until 938 AD, the island was an independent kingdom called Tamna (which means 'island country') when it became

250-481: Is the largest industry on the island. The second and third largest shipyards in South Korea are both located on the island, Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) in the city of Okpo , and Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) in the city of Gohyeon ( Geoje City). The Busan–Geoje Bridge was opened in December 2010 and provides a more direct connection to the city of Busan . The population of Geoje Island

275-466: Is the main source of groundwater and thus the main water source for the half million people of the island, because rainwater penetrates directly into the aquifer through the cracks of the 'a'a lava under the forest. Gotjawal forest is considered an internationally important wetland under the Ramsar Convention by some researchers because it is the habitat of unique species of plants and is

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300-563: The East Asian monsoon and the Tsushima Current , so annual precipitation is very high. Seogwipo is one of the regions with the highest annual precipitation in Korea. The climate of the highlands in the middle of the island where Hallasan is located is quite different from that of the rest of the island. As the altitude increases, the average temperature decreases and the climate becomes colder. The highlands of Jeju Island have

325-748: The Jeju uprising , during which around 30,000 people were killed and 40,000 fled to Japan. The Workers' Party of South Korea (WPSK) launched an insurgency against the government in April 1948 which was brutally repressed by the US-backed South Korean regime of Syngman Rhee . In 2003, the National Committee for Investigation of the Truth about the Jeju 3 April Incident described the event as

350-490: The Pleistocene epoch. The island consists chiefly of basalt and lava. An area covering about 12% (224 square kilometres or 86 square miles) of Jeju Island is called gotjawal , a local term for forests. This area remained uncultivated until the 21st century, as its base of 'a'a lava made it difficult to develop for agriculture. Because this forest remained pristine for so long, it has a unique ecology. The forest

375-564: The Japanese annexation in 1910, the island was usually known as Quelpart (Quelpaërt, Quelpaert) to Europeans; during the occupation it was known by the Japanese name Saishū. The name Quelpart coming from the French language is attested in Dutch no later than 1648 and may have denoted the first Dutch ship to spot the island, the quelpaert de Brack around 1642, or rather some visual similarity of

400-581: The Navy Headquarters of Three Provinces was established in Geoje which served as a command for many naval battles in the area. Included in these were the battle of May 1592; Admiral Yi Sun-sin led Korean forces to a much celebrated naval victory at Okpo, Geojedo (옥포해전), as well as on the 28th of July, 1592 at Gyeonnaeryang (견내량해전) also known as the Hansan Great victory (한산대첩). In the year 1597

425-708: The South Korean government finally admitted that the Jeju uprising had occurred. Jeju is a volcanic island , dominated by Hallasan : a volcano 1,947 metres (6,388 ft) high and the highest mountain in South Korea. The island measures approximately 73 kilometres (45 mi) across, east to west, and 41 kilometres (25 mi) from north to south. The island also has around 360 oreum : small extinct volcanoes or parasitic cones . Many of these are now popular tourist attractions, such as Geomunoreum , Yongnuni Oreum , and Geum Oreum . The island formed by volcanic eruptions approximately two million years ago, during

450-411: The early 1970s the shipbuilding industry began producing ships, which led to population growth. In 1995, Geoje finally had a large enough population to be classified as a city (시). It is now the hub for a major driving force in Korea's economic development, the shipbuilding industry. Geoje is the hometown of two Presidents of South Korea : Kim Young-sam (1993–1998) and Moon Jae-in (2017-2022). It

475-620: The first and only naval defeat to the Japanese in Korean history took place at Chilcheon, Geoje (칠천량해전). During the Korean War , UN Forces established the Geoje POW Camp in 1951 for captured North Koreans. 31 prisoners died during conflicts there. Koje Unscreened (1953), written by journalists Alan Winnington and Wilfred Burchett , focused on the poor conditions in the camp. In 1953, Geoje became an independent county, and in

500-543: The island from some angle to this class of ships (a small dispatch vessel, also called a galiot ). The first European explorers to sight the island, the Portuguese, called it Ilha de Ladrones (Island of Thieves). The name "Fungma island" appeared in the "Atlas of China" of M. Martini who arrived in China as a missionary in 1655. Jeju Island has been inhabited by modern humans since the early Neolithic period . There

525-534: The main source of water for the residents, although to date it has not been declared a Ramsar site. Most of Jeju Island has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa in the Köppen climate classification ). Four distinct seasons are experienced in Jeju: winters are cool with moderate rainfall, while summers are hot and humid with very high rainfall. Jeju City , the northern part of the island, tends to be colder in winter than

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550-530: The name Geoje County (거제군) to refer to the island. In the Korea and Joseon dynasty period, after the area called Giseong (기성현) was divided from Geoje 거제현 in 1914, the Geoje area was mistakenly called Tongyeong (통영군). During this period, the island was a strategic location between Japan and the Korean Peninsula , and therefore suffered invasion by the Japanese . When the Japanese invaded Tongyeong in 1592,

575-400: The peninsula. The Jeju people are indigenous to the island, and it has been populated by modern humans since the early Neolithic period . The Jeju language is considered critically endangered by UNESCO . It is also one of the regions of Korea where Shamanism is most intact. Jeju Island has an oval shape of 73 km (45 mi) east–west and 31 km (19 mi) north–south, with

600-472: The southern part due to the influence of continental seasonal winds. Gosan-ri , located on the west side of the island, has the lowest annual average precipitation on the island. However, unlike most parts of mainland Korea, the seasonal precipitation in Gosan-ri is evenly distributed. The Chuja Islands , which belong to Jeju City, are an archipelago located between mainland Korea and Jeju Island and also have

625-596: Was the final port of call of the SS Meredith Victory at Christmastide 1950, when that ship evacuated some fourteen thousand North Korean civilians from Hungnam. [REDACTED] Media related to Geoje Island at Wikimedia Commons 34°51′29″N 128°37′06″E  /  34.85806°N 128.61833°E  / 34.85806; 128.61833 Jeju Island Jeju Island ( Jeju / Korean :  제주도 ; Hanja :  濟州島 ; RR :  Jejudo ; IPA: [tɕeːdʑudo] )

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