Misplaced Pages

#350649

92-559: Peele was christened on 25 July 1556 at St James Garlickhythe in the City of London . His father, James Peele (died 30 December 1585), who appears to have belonged to a Devonshire family, was clerk of Christ's Hospital , a school which was then situated in central London. He wrote two treatises on bookkeeping , The Maner and Fourme How to Kepe a Perfecte Reconyng (1553) and The Pathe Waye to Perfectnes (1569). The latter depicts James Peele in

184-515: A Zeppelin missed the church. In thanksgiving, the church introduced an annual Bomb Sermon. In May 1941, during the London Blitz a 500 lb German high explosive bomb crashed through the roof of St. James and buried itself below the floor in the south aisle. It did not explode, but was removed to Hackney Marshes and detonated. The buildings surrounding St. James were destroyed by incendiary bombs and this caused much external damage to

276-586: A barrel vault . To the west is a gallery, erected in 1714 and supported by iron columns. It supports the original organ case of 1719 by Father Smith, decorated with trumpeting cherubs and palm trees. It is surmounted by a scallop shell. The crystal chandelier, a gift from the Glass Sellers' Company , is a replica of that destroyed by the crashing crane in 1991 and is based on an 18th-century original hanging in Wren's Emmanuel College, Cambridge . The reredos

368-435: A blank verse description of the ceremonies attending the retirement of the queen's champion, Sir Henry Lee . This is concluded by the lyric poem, A Farewell to Arms . This was written for the retirement ceremony in 1590 of Queen Elizabeth I's champion knight in which he pledges undying loyalty to the queen, addressed as "Goddess". It was quoted by Thackeray in the seventy-sixth chapter of The Newcomes and notably served as

460-540: A nymph called Eliza, 'our Zabeta fayre', a reference to Queen Elizabeth I. His play Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First was printed in 1593. This chronicle history is an advance on the old chronicle plays, and marks a step towards the Shakespearean historical drama. Peele may have written or contributed to the bloody tragedy Titus Andronicus , which was published as the work of Shakespeare. This theory

552-509: A 12th-century will. Other records of the church refer to it as St James in the Vintry, St James Comyns, St James-by-the-Thames and St James super Ripam. The ships from France loaded with garlic also carried wine and St James has a long association with wine merchants. The church is located in the city ward of Vintry, and in 1326 the Sheriff of London and vintner Richard de Rothing paid to have

644-509: A Shrew , The Troublesome Reign of King John , etc.), and the so-called 'Bad Quartos' , are (printers' errors aside) his own first versions of famous later plays. As many of the Quarto title-pages proclaim, Shakespeare was an assiduous reviser of his own work, rewriting, enlarging and emending to the end of his life. He " struck the second heat / upon the Muses' anvil," as Ben Jonson put it in

736-454: A crane collapsed and the jib buried itself in the south wall. This caused the church to be closed again while the south face was rebuilt and some of the furnishings replaced. The official dedication is The Parish Church of St James Garlickhythe with St Michael Queenhythe and Holy Trinity the Less. The parish stretches from Gardners Lane in the west to Angel Passage in the east. Its southern border

828-487: A disease that afflicts older people. Physical examination by the Discovery team showed that the mummy appeared to be balding and suffered tooth decay at the time of death, both consistent with an older person. The body is now interred in a sarcophagus in the only remaining part of the church crypt, and so is no longer open for public viewing. A new ring of eight bells, which were granted the title "The Royal Jubilee Bells",

920-601: A fictitious incident in the play's first scene: Peele may be more interested in what should be done than in what actually has been done. The emphasis on generosity to soldiers and veterans is in ironic contrast to the way the fighting forces in the Netherlands were actually treated. Leicester's reports, summarized in the Calendar of State Papers (Foreign) show amply the suffering of soldiers; they were not paid on time, and their living conditions were deplorable. Likewise,

1012-509: A hive for bees And lovers' sonnets turne to holy Psalms. A man at Armes must now serve on his knees, And feed on pray'rs, that are Age his alms. But though from Court to Cottage I depart, My Saint is sure of mine unspotted heart. And when I saddest sits in homely cell, I'll teach my Swaines this Carrol for a song. Blest be the hearts that wish my Sovereigne well, Curs'd be the souls that thinke her any wrong. Goddess, vouchsafe this aged man his right To be your Beadsman now that

SECTION 10

#1732779911351

1104-545: A lengthy legal battle to collect Mary's war widow salary. One wonders why Peele would have added such a fictitious moment to Edward I were he not the George Peele trying to collect these funds. This involved a three-year litigation against Thomas Gurlyn, who was a buyer of soldiers' uncollected wages, who countersued Mary on allegations that she had forged Lawrence Gates's will. The record does not show whether Gurlyn, who stalled payment, ever actually paid what he owed to

1196-415: A man and was in prison many times, his reputation does not seem to have suffered? Let us not single out Peele for opprobrium unless we are prepared to maintain that all of Greene's acquaintances, and men like Jonson, were immersed in sin." Horne then attacks W.M. Creizenach's view that David and Bethsabe is the "product of a crapulous morality dating from the last years of the poet's dissolute life" as having

1288-403: A new Shakespeare play has also resulted in the creation of at least one hoax . In 1796 William Henry Ireland claimed to have found a lost play of Shakespeare entitled Vortigern and Rowena . Ireland had previously released other documents he claimed were by Shakespeare, but Vortigern was the first play he attempted. (He later produced another pseudo-Shakespearean play, Henry II .) The play

1380-518: A parish church upon the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII , although the church was not adversely affected – indeed it was a beneficiary of the demolition of church furnishings associated with the Roman Catholic rite . In 1560, the rood screen of the nearby St. Martin Vintry was dismantled and fashioned into pews for St. James. At the same time, the choir was provided with song books. Another change introduced under Henry VIII

1472-691: A plot outline by Shakespeare. Some may be collaborations between Shakespeare and other dramatists (although the First Folio includes plays such as Henry VIII , Henry VI, Part 1 and Timon of Athens that are believed to be collaborative, according to modern stylistic analysis). Another explanation for the origins of any or all of the plays is that they were not written for the King's Men, were perhaps from early in Shakespeare's career, and thus were inaccessible to Heminges and Condell when they compiled

1564-442: A political satire , and identifies Elizabeth and Leicester as David and Bathsheba , Mary, Queen of Scots as Absalom . Sir Clyomon and Sir Clamydes (printed 1599) has been attributed to Peele, but on insufficient grounds. Other plays attributed to Peele include Jack Straw (ca. 1587), The Wisdom of Doctor Dodypoll (printed 1600), The Maid's Metamorphosis (printed 1600), and Wily Beguiled (printed 1606) – though

1656-427: A questionable basis— "Peele was in most respects like his fellow Elizabethans, morally neither better or worse, aesthetically more perceptive; in technical skill equal to his fellow poets; in the sweetness of his piping superior to all but Marlowe, Spenser, and Shakespeare." Peele may have married a second time, to Mary Gates or Yates. It is not possible to state definitively that the George Peele who married Mary Gates

1748-970: A small, cheap format. Then, in 1623, seven years after Shakespeare's death, his fellow actors John Heminges and Henry Condell compiled a folio collection of his complete plays, now known as the First Folio . Heminges and Condell were in a position to do this because they, like Shakespeare, worked for the King's Men , the London playing company that produced all of Shakespeare's plays. In addition to plays, poems were published under Shakespeare's name. The collection published as The Passionate Pilgrim contains genuine poems by Shakespeare along with poems known to have been written by other authors, along with some of unknown authorship. Unattributed poems have also been assigned by some scholars to Shakespeare at various times. See below. The apocrypha can be categorized under

1840-479: A sword rest also come from St Michael's, as do two grand doorways, now used as screens. In addition, the church's own royal arms (which is of the House of Hanover ) is on display on the north wall, almost opposite the other royal arms – making St James Garlickhythe the only City church with two reliefs of the royal arms. No longer on display is a well-preserved mummy of a man known as "Jimmy Garlick". His embalmed body

1932-548: A university lecturer at University of Chichester , has suggested that while Matthew Shakespeare "may have been unrelated" to William Shakespeare, the listing of Matthew's marriage to Isabel Peele suggests a possible link, because Isabels' playwriting brother is thought by some to have collaborated on Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus . James Peele also wrote the Ironmongers' Pageants of 1566 and 1569, which may have led to George's writing of two Lord Mayor's pageants. George Peele

SECTION 20

#1732779911351

2024-462: A woodcut on the title page. No contemporary likeness of George is known, although he was said to be short-legged, dark complected, red haired, and squinting, although not necessarily from reliable sources. George's mother, Anne, died on 1 July 1580, and his father married Christian Widers (d. 1597 in St Christopher le Stocks , a church since demolished) on 3 November 1580. She became a nurse on

2116-431: Is a collection of poems first published in 1599 by William Jaggard , later the publisher of Shakespeare's First Folio . Though the title page attributes the content to Shakespeare, many of the poems were written by others. Some are of unknown authorship and could be by Shakespeare. Jaggard issued an expanded edition of The Passionate Pilgrim in 1612, containing additional poems on the theme of Helen of Troy , announced on

2208-445: Is a group of plays and poems that have sometimes been attributed to William Shakespeare , but whose attribution is questionable for various reasons. The issue is not to be confused with the debate on Shakespearean authorship , which questions the authorship of the works traditionally attributed to Shakespeare. In his own lifetime, Shakespeare saw only about half of his plays enter print. Some individual plays were published in quarto ,

2300-430: Is a parapet with stirrup shaped piercings and squat urns on the corners. The stone spire was designed by Nicholas Hawksmoor and is similar to those of St Stephen Walbrook , St. Michael Paternoster Royal and, to a lesser extent, the west towers of St. Paul’s Cathedral . It has three levels. The lowest is square, with a contraption of two columns standing in front of two pilasters protruding from each corner on top of which

2392-409: Is a stop on a pilgrims' route ending at the cathedral of Santiago da Compostela . Visitors to the London church may have their credencial , or pilgrim passport, stamped with the impression of a scallop shell. 'Garlickhythe' refers to the nearby landing place, or "hythe", near which garlic was sold in medieval times. The earliest surviving reference to the church is as ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi in

2484-483: Is an entablature and tiny urns. This is linked to the next stage by corner volutes, with a smaller square stage with more urns, and at the top is a tiny concave stage. The whole is capped with a flag finial. Sacheverell Sitwell stated the spire suggested the grinding out of bell music by turning, as in a hurdy-gurdy . The vine leaf and grape motif gates to the west were a gift from the Vintners' Company . The church

2576-632: Is broken in the middle and turned to the outside walls, effectively forming transepts. The columns are evenly spaced, except for those in the middle. With the original round-headed windows in the centre (now replaced by round windows), this would have given St. James a strong north–south axis. The cross-axial design was a conceit also used by Wren in St Magnus the Martyr and St Martin Ludgate . Subsequent rearrangement has made this less apparent. The church

2668-400: Is difficult to believe they really are by Shakespeare. Scholars have suggested various reasons for the existence of these plays. In some cases, the title page attributions may be lies told by fraudulent printers trading on Shakespeare's reputation. In other cases, Shakespeare may have had an editorial role in the plays' creation, rather than actually writing them, or they may simply be based on

2760-506: Is in part due to Peele's predilection for gore, as evidenced in The Battle of Alcazar (acted 1588–1589, printed 1594), published anonymously, which is attributed with much probability to him. The Old Wives' Tale (printed 1595) was followed by The Love of King David and fair Bethsabe (written ca. 1588, printed 1599), which is notable as an example of Elizabethan drama drawn entirely from Scriptural sources. F. G. Fleay sees in it

2852-414: Is much fun poked at Gabriel Harvey and Richard Stanyhurst . Perhaps Huanebango, who parodies Harvey's hexameters , and actually quotes him on one occasion, may be regarded as representing that arch-enemy of Greene and his friends. Peele's Works were edited by Alexander Dyce (1828, 1829–1839 and 1861), A. H. Bullen (2 vols., 1888), and by Charles Tyler Prouty (3 vols., 1952–1970). An examination of

George Peele - Misplaced Pages Continue

2944-418: Is no sign of it in the surviving tomb. The first epitaph, in variations, has also been attributed to other writers, addressed to other alleged usurers. An anecdote recorded in the mid-17th century has Jonson beginning an epitaph to himself with the conventional " Here lies Ben Jonson  ...", and Shakespeare completing it with the words "...  who while he lived was a slow thing / And now being dead

3036-455: Is no thing. " Building on the work of W. J. Courthope , Hardin Craig , E. B. Everitt, Seymour Pitcher and others, the scholar Eric Sams (1926–2004), who wrote two books on Shakespeare, edited two early plays, and published over a hundred papers, argued that "Shakespeare was an early starter who rewrote nobody's plays but his own", and that he "may have been a master of structure before he

3128-400: Is original, with Corinthian columns flanking a Decalogue and supporting an entablature. The pediment was removed in 1815 to accommodate the painting. Also original are the communion table, with doves carved on the legs, the communion rail , and the churchwardens' pews with iron hat stands. The font was made by the church's mason, Christopher Kempster , and has an ogee cover. The joiners for

3220-411: Is recorded in several variant forms in the 17th and 18th centuries, usually with the story that Shakespeare composed it extempore at a party with Combe present. Shakespeare is said to have written another, more flattering, epitaph after Combe died in 1614. It praises Combe for giving money in his will to the poor. This was said to be affixed to his tomb, which is close to Shakespeare's. However, there

3312-515: Is the River Thames, and to the north it snakes through the lanes south of Cannon Street. The area now covers seven pre-Fire parishes: St James Garlickhythe, St Michael Queenhythe, Holy Trinity the Less, St Michael Paternoster Royal, St Martin Vintry, All Hallows the Great, and All Hallows the Less. It is also responsible for services at the nearby St Michael Paternoster Royal, which lies within

3404-428: Is the dramatist, as another George Peele, a boxmaker who died in 1604, was living in London at the time. There is not enough information in the record to determine for certain to which George Peele she was actually married. Frank S. Hook, who edited a 1961 edition of Edward I , suggests that David H. Horne's speculation in the first volume of the same edition is correct in believing this is the same George Peele based on

3496-458: The City of London , nicknamed "Wren's lantern" owing to its profusion of windows. Recorded since the 12th century, the church was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and rebuilt by the office of Sir Christopher Wren . It is also the official church of several City livery companies . The church is dedicated to the disciple St James known as 'the Great'. St. James Garlickhythe

3588-639: The Commonwealth , the parishioners provided a pension for the rector after he was ousted, in 1647, for using the banned Book of Common Prayer . All was lost in the Great Fire. Rebuilding began a decade later, as recorded on the Victorian vestry boards prominent in the church porch; "The foundation thereof were laid AD 1676 – John Hinde and John Hoyle, Church Wardens. It was rebuilt and re-opened 1682 and completely finished AD 1683…". The body of

3680-550: The Descensus Astraeae (printed in the Harleian Miscellany , 1808), in which Queen Elizabeth is honoured as Astraea . Robert Greene , at the end of his pamphlet Greene's Groats-Worth of Wit , exhorts Peele to repentance, saying that Peele, like Greene himself, has "been driven to extreme shifts for a living." Anecdotes of his reckless life were emphasized by the use of his name in connection with

3772-525: The Jests to the effect that he was dissipated may be accepted as authentic." He notes that jest books on famous subjects were common, including William Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , Colley Cibber , Thomas Killigrew , James Quin , David Garrick , Laurence Sterne , William Congreve , Lord Sandwich , Lord Chesterfield , Samuel Johnson , Falstaff , Tristram Shandy , and Polly Peachum . He shows that most were derived from Merry Tales and Quick Answers , while

George Peele - Misplaced Pages Continue

3864-638: The 19th century saw a movement of population from the City of London to suburbs in Middlesex , Kent , Essex and Surrey . This left many of the city churches with tiny congregations. In 1860, Charles Dickens attended a Sunday service at St. James Garlickhythe which he describes in The Uncommercial Traveller . The congregation had dwindled to twenty, the building was pervaded with damp and dust, which Dickens uses to convey an impression of

3956-497: The Acts of Privy Council for the period after 1590, when soldiers began returning from Willoughby's expedition to France, demonstrate the care of wounded veterans was becoming an increasingly embarrassing problem for Elizabeth's government. Read in light of these contemporary documents, this scene takes on a bitterly ironic note. In the scene, Edward I establishes a "colledge" for wounded soldiers, something he did not do in real life, nor

4048-712: The First Folio. C. F. Tucker Brooke lists forty-two plays conceivably attributable to Shakespeare, many in his own lifetime, but dismisses the majority, leaving only most of those listed below, with some additions. Some plays were attributed to "W.S." in the seventeenth century. These initials could refer to Shakespeare, but could also refer to Wentworth Smith , an obscure dramatist. A number of anonymous plays have been attributed to Shakespeare by more recent readers and scholars. Many of these claims are supported only by debatable ideas about what constitutes "Shakespeare's style". Nonetheless, some of them have been cautiously accepted by mainstream scholarship. The dream of discovering

4140-620: The Folio verse tribute. Sams dissented from 20th-century orthodoxy, rejecting the theory of memorial reconstruction by forgetful actors as "wrong-headed". "Authorial revision of early plays is the only rational alternative." The few unofficial copies referred to in the preamble to the Folio were the 1619 quartos , mostly already superseded plays, for "Shakespeare was disposed to release his own popular early version[s] for acting and printing because his own masterly revision[s] would soon be forthcoming". Sams believed that Shakespeare in his retirement

4232-667: The Hospital payroll, where she remained five years after James Peele's death, when she married Ralph Boswell. His siblings included Anne (died 10 January 1568/9), Isabel, Judith (died 16 April 1582) and James (born 3 January 1563/4). Anne married John Alford on 14 May 1565 and had one son, Robert (9 October 1567 – c. 12 March 1654/5). Judith married John Jackman on 19 June 1575 and had three children, Susan (born 3 June 1576), William (30 April 1577 – 1 July 1577) and Sarah (died 25 May 1578). On 5 February 1568/9 Isabel married Mathew Shakespeare, with whom she had eight children. Duncan Salkeld,

4324-520: The Peeles, despite Peele obtaining a verdict against him. Horne speculates that evidence of Peele's sickness in a letter to Lord Burghley indicates that he was probably unable to work and thus pay legal fees. Horne also speculates that Peele himself may have been a soldier. Peele died "of the pox," according to Francis Meres , and was buried on 9 November 1596 in St James's Church, Clerkenwell . One of

4416-548: The Queen" is a short poem praising Queen Elizabeth, probably recited as an epilogue to a royal performance of a play. It was first attributed to Shakespeare by American scholars William Ringler and Steven May , who discovered the poem in 1972 in the notebook of Henry Stanford, who is known to have worked in the household of the Lord Chamberlain . The attribution was supported by James S. Shapiro and Juliet Dusinberre. It

4508-508: The West and a protruding chancel (uniquely for a Wren church) projecting from the East. It is built from brick and Kentish ragstone, partly stuccoed, partly faced (since World War II) with Portland stone . Entrance is through a pedimented doorway with a cherub keystone in the tower, which is flanked by pairs of round headed windows in the west wall. Above is a recessed clerestory wall joined to

4600-475: The apocryphal Merrie conceited Jests of George Peele (printed in 1607). Many of the stories had circulated before in other jestbooks , unattached to Peele's name, but there are personal touches that may be biographical. The book provided source material for the play The Puritan , one of the works of the Shakespeare Apocrypha . This is largely dismissed by Peele biographer David H. Horne. "In

4692-567: The arrangement of two Latin plays by William Gager ( fl. 1580–1619) presented on the occasion. He was also complimented by Gager for an English verse translation of one of the Iphigenias of Euripides . In 1585 he was employed to write the Device of the Pageant borne before Woolston Dixie , and in 1591 he devised the pageant in honour of another Lord Mayor , Sir William Webbe . This was

SECTION 50

#1732779911351

4784-417: The attribution to Shakespeare from unsold copies of the 1612 edition. This poem was published as an appendix to Shakespeare's sonnets in 1609. Its authorship has been disputed by several scholars. In 2007 Brian Vickers , in his monograph, Shakespeare, "A Lover's Complaint", and John Davies of Hereford , attributes the "Complaint" to John Davies . Other scholars continue to attribute it to Shakespeare. "To

4876-470: The author of two epitaphs to John Combe, a Stratford businessman, and one to Elias James, a brewer who lived in the Blackfriars area of London. Shakespeare certainly knew Combe and is likely to have known James. A joking epitaph is also supposed to have been created for Ben Jonson . The epitaph for James was on a memorial in the church of St. Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe . The memorial no longer exists but

4968-460: The church may have been finished, but the tower lacked a steeple. Recorded in the church’s accounts for 1682 are the items and a payment of 40s each to Wren's two clerks "for their care and kindness in hastening the building of the church, and to induce them to do the like for the more speedy finishing of the Steeple." This inducement had no effect. Building on the tower began 33 years later and

5060-591: The church of the Intelligence Corps . The parish has passed resolutions A and B of the Priests (Ordination of Women) Measure 1993 ; this means that female priests and bishops are not permitted to officiate in the church. It receives alternative episcopal oversight from the Bishop of Fulham (currently Jonathan Baker ). St James Garlickhythe is in the shape of a rectangle, with the tower adjacent to

5152-577: The church rebuilt. Another company with long associations with the church is the Joiners' Company , who trace their origins back to a religious guild founded in St James in 1375. In the following century, the church became collegiate and was served by seven chantry priests. The eminence of St. James in the Middle Ages is reflected in its being the burial place of six Lord Mayors. St. James became

5244-453: The church, including the destruction of its clock. While this damage was being repaired in 1953, it was found that the woodwork was infested with the death watch beetle . This caused the church to be closed until 1963, while it was being restored by D. Lockhart-Smith and Alexander Gale. The result was said by Sir John Betjeman to be the best restoration of a City church. In 1991, during construction of Vintners Hall across Upper Thames Street,

5336-725: The earliest "modern" chronicle play , The Troublesome Reign , c. 1588, but also "the earliest known modern comedy and tragedy", A Shrew and the Ur- Hamlet ( = the 1603 Quarto). Sams also argued, more briefly, that "there is some evidence of Shakespearean authorship of A Pleasant Commodie of Fair Em the Millers Daughter, with the loue of William the Conqueror , written before 1586, and of The Lamentable Tragedie of Locrine written mid-1580s and "newly set foorth, ouerseene and corrected, by W.S." in 1595. Volume two

5428-647: The eight boarding houses at the modern Horsham campus of Christ's Hospital is now named Peele after George Peele, and as a commemoration to the work of the Peele family with the ancient foundation of the Christ's Hospital school. His pastoral comedy The Arraignment of Paris was presented by the Children of the Chapel Royal before Queen Elizabeth perhaps as early as 1581, and was printed anonymously in 1584. In

5520-407: The few jests unique to the volume follow similar patterns to traditional jests with merely the details changed. "Peele was a product of the middle London," Horne writes, "but his recurrent courtly themes of war and pastoralism show that in his work he aspired to the highest. It is ironical that his present reputation should have dropped him to the lowest ... But why is it that although Ben Jonson killed

5612-408: The following headings. Several plays published in quarto during the seventeenth century bear Shakespeare's name on the title page or in other documents, but do not appear in the First Folio . Some of these plays (such as Pericles ) are believed by most scholars of Shakespeare to have been written by him (at least in part). Others, such as Thomas Lord Cromwell are so atypically written that it

SECTION 60

#1732779911351

5704-668: The increased dignity of English dramatic diction, and for the new smoothness infused into blank verse, must certainly be shared by Peele. The most familiar parts of Peele's work are, however, the songs in his plays—from The Old Wives' Tale and The Arraignment of Paris, and the song "A Farewell to Arms"—which are regularly anthologized. My golden locks Time hath to silver turnd. O Time too swift, O swiftness never ceasing! My youth 'gainst time and age hath ever spurnd, But spurnd in vain. Youth waneith by increasing. Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen, Duty, faith, love, are roots, and ever green. My Helmet now shall make

5796-829: The metrical peculiarities of his work is to be found in Richard Lämmerhirt's Georg Peele, Untersuchungen über sein Leben und seine Werke (Rostock, 1882). See also Professor F.B. Gummere, in Representative English Comedies (1903); and an edition of The Battell of Alcazar , printed for the Malone Society in 1907. St James Garlickhythe St James Garlickhythe is a Church of England parish church in Vintry ward of

5888-411: The minds of at least some of those who have voiced such views a process of circular reasoning must have unconsciously taken place: Meres' statement that Peele died by the pox means that Peele was dissipated, since the hero of the Jests is dissipated. His acquaintanceship with Greene, who was dissipated, bears this out. therefore, because he was acquainted with Greene and died of the pox, the evidence of

5980-409: The only child of Hugh Christian, who was also known by the surnames Cooke, Alettor, Elector, and Nelettor (his brother, Daniel, used Alettor). Christian had died a few months before the marriage, and lawsuits over his estate were not settled for years, draining the inheritance. In 1583, when Albertus Alasco ( Albert Laski ), a Polish nobleman, was entertained at Christ Church, Peele was entrusted with

6072-404: The original furnishings were Fuller and Cleer, and the carver William Newman . In 1876, the parish was combined with that of St Michael Queenhithe – a nearby Wren church, and St James received much of the furnishings. From St Michael's are the pulpit, with a tester and twisted balusters, as well as a wig peg for the preacher. A royal coat of arms of the House of Stuart on the south wall and

6164-493: The painting of the Ascension by Andrew Geddes was installed above the reredos in the place previously occupied by the window. When built, the main entrance was in the middle of the north wall. This, too, has now been filled in. The church has a nave and two narrow aisles and is of five bays. There are two rows of five Ionic columns and two semi-columns, running from West to East. The columns support an entablature , which

6256-414: The parish boundary. Sunday and daily services are drawn from the 1662 Book of Common Prayer . It is the church for more than a dozen livery companies ( Clockmakers , Coachmakers , Dyers , Educators , Fanmakers , Glass Sellers , Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers , Horners , Joiners and Ceilers , Needlemakers , Painter-Stainers , Parish Clerks , Skinners , Vintners , and Weavers ), as well as being

6348-416: The play, Paris is asked by Jupiter to decide which goddesses, Juno, Pallas or Venus should be awarded the golden apple. He awards this to Venus who carries Paris away, leaving his wife Oenone disconsolate. Juno and Pallas arraign Paris before the gods of partiality in his judgement. The case is then referred to Diana , with whom the final decision rests. She gives the apple to none of the competitors but to

6440-464: The presence of dead parishioners. The Union of Benefices Act 1860 was passed by Parliament, permitting the demolition of City churches and the sale of land to build churches in the suburbs. While several nearby churches – some of architectural eminence – were destroyed under the Union of Benefices Act, St. James was spared, perhaps due to its links to the guilds. During World War I , a bomb dropped by

6532-547: The rector with a number of stereotypes – the quiet talker, the negligent reader, the fast talker and the bombast, then goes on to criticise the ranting of Presbyterians and Dissenters. Unfortunately, his account includes no description of the congregation or of the church itself. One month after this sermon, the future composer and Master of the King’s Musick, William Boyce , was baptised in St. James Garlickhythe. The second half of

6624-457: The scholarly consensus has judged these attributions to be insufficiently supported by evidence. Indeed, individual scholars have repeatedly resorted to Peele in their attempts to grapple with Elizabethan plays of uncertain authorship. Plays that have been assigned to (or blamed on) Peele include Locrine , The Troublesome Reign of King John , and Parts 1 and 2 of Shakespeare's Henry VI trilogy, in addition to Titus Andronicus . Edward III

6716-496: The title of Ernest Hemingway 's novel of the same name. To The Phoenix Nest in 1593 he contributed The Praise of Chastity . Peele belonged to the group of university scholars who, in Greene's phrase, "spent their wits in making playes." Greene went on to say that he was "in some things rarer, in nothing inferior," to Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Nashe . This praise was not unfounded. The credit given to Greene and Marlowe for

6808-432: The title page ("Whereunto is newly added two Love Epistles, the first from Paris to Hellen, and Hellen's answere back again to Paris"). These were in fact by Thomas Heywood , from his Troia Britannica, which Jaggard had published in 1609. Heywood protested the unauthorized copying in his Apology for Actors (1612), writing that Shakespeare was "much offended" with Jaggard for making "so bold with his name." Jaggard withdrew

6900-437: The tower by semi-rounded pediments. The south front, facing Upper Thames Street, was formerly built against, and it has only become the main façade since 1971. It is five bays long, with blind round headed windows, the one in the centre being much larger. Above the four outer windows are round clerestory windows. These additions were only made in 1981. The north front is similar, although the windows are real. The 125 foot tower

6992-607: The true author was probably John Ford . Foster conceded to Monsarrat in an e-mail message to the SHAKSPER e-mail list in 2002. This nine-verse love lyric was ascribed to Shakespeare in a manuscript collection of verses probably written in the late 1630s. In 1985 Gary Taylor drew attention to the attribution, leading to widespread scholarly discussion of it. The attribution is not widely accepted. Michael Dobson and Stanley Wells state that Shakespeare's authorship "cannot be regarded as certain". Shakespeare has been identified as

7084-541: Was a master of language". Shakespeare found accusations of plagiarism (e.g. Greene 's "beautified with our feathers") offensive (Sonnets 30, 112). Trusting the early 'biographical' sources John Aubrey and Nicholas Rowe , Sams re-assessed Shakespeare's early and 'missing' years, and argued through detailed textual analysis that Shakespeare began writing plays from the mid-1580s, in a style not now recognisably Shakespearean. The so-called 'Source Plays' and 'Derivative Plays' ( The Famous Victories of Henry V , The Taming of

7176-588: Was attributed to Peele by Tucker Brooke in 1908. While the attribution of the entire play to Peele is no longer accepted, Sir Brian Vickers demonstrated using metrical and other analysis that Peele wrote the first act and the first two scenes in Act II of Titus Andronicus , with Shakespeare responsible for the rest. Among his occasional poems are The Honour of the Garter , which has a prologue containing Peele's judgments on his contemporaries, and Polyhymnia (1590),

7268-767: Was cast by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry on 3 June 2012. They were temporarily installed on a barge and rung on the River Thames during the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant , part of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II , and have since been installed permanently in the tower of the church. 51°30′39.99″N 0°5′37.54″W  /  51.5111083°N 0.0937611°W  / 51.5111083; -0.0937611 Shakespeare Apocrypha The Shakespeare apocrypha

7360-415: Was designated a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950. The church interior is, at 40 feet, the highest of any Wren church. As it was originally surrounded by other buildings, Wren created tall main windows, as well as clerestory windows. The largest window of all was in the East, filling the arched alcove. Early in the 19th century, this was found to be weakening the wall and so was filled in. In 1815,

7452-654: Was discovered in the vaults in 1855. Analysis by the British Museum at one time had postulated that he was an adolescent who died at the turn of the 18th century . The body used to be on display in a glass cabinet, but has been closed to public view. In 2004, Jimmy Garlick featured in the Discovery Channel documentary series Mummy Autopsy , which used modern analytical techniques including carbon dating and x-ray analysis, establishing that he died between 1641 and 1801 and that he suffered from osteoarthritis ,

7544-412: Was educated at Christ's Hospital, and entered Broadgates Hall , Oxford , in 1571. In 1574 he removed to Christ Church , taking his B.A. degree in 1577, and proceeding M.A. in 1579. In that year, the governors of Christ's Hospital requested their clerk to "discharge his house of his son, George Peele." He went up to London about 1580, the year he married his first wife, 16-year-old heiress Ann Cooke,

7636-587: Was finished in 1717 by Nicholas Hawksmoor . The tower was built by Edward Strong the Younger a friend of Christopher Wren the Younger . The total cost of the church and tower was £7230. On 12 August 1711 Richard Steele attended a Sunday service led by the Rector Philip Stubbs at St. James, and published the ensuing reflections in Issue 147 of The Spectator . He compares the moving delivery of

7728-909: Was included in 2007 by Jonathan Bate in his complete Shakespeare edition for the Royal Shakespeare Company . The attribution has since been challenged by Michael Hattaway, who argued that the poem is more likely to be by Ben Jonson , and by Helen Hackett, who attributes it to Thomas Dekker . In 1989, using a form of stylometric computer analysis , scholar and forensic linguist Donald Foster attributed A Funeral Elegy for Master William Peter , previously ascribed only to "W.S.", to William Shakespeare, based on an analysis of its grammatical patterns and idiosyncratic word usage. The attribution received extensive press attention from The New York Times and other newspapers. Later analyses by scholars Gilles Monsarrat and Brian Vickers demonstrated Foster's attribution to be in error, and that

7820-534: Was initially accepted by the literary community—albeit not on sight—as genuine. The play was eventually presented at Drury Lane on 2 April 1796, to immediate ridicule, and Ireland eventually admitted to the hoax. Several poems published anonymously have been attributed by scholars to Shakespeare. Others were attributed to him in 17th century manuscripts. None have received universal acceptance. The authorship of some poems published under Shakespeare's name in his lifetime has also been questioned. The Passionate Pilgrim

7912-473: Was much renovated by the Victorians, most significantly by Basil Champneys in 1866. Their legacy, including stained glass windows, has been removed in the post-World War II renovation. The chancel to the east is flanked by pilasters , and is slightly narrower than the nave, the ratio of the width being 1/3 chancel and 1/6 each for the aisles. Unlike the rest of the church, which has a flat ceiling, it has

8004-402: Was originally stuccoed. The plaster was removed in 1897 and old photographs of the church show the undressed wall. It was faced with Portland stone after World War II. The clock on the West face, with the image of St James, is a 1988 replica of a 1682 original. The figure of St James originally stood between two urns. The tower is plain, with round headed belfry windows, until the spire. At the top

8096-470: Was recorded in the 1633 edition of John Stow 's Survey of London . The text is also present in the same manuscript which preserves Shall I Die , where it is ascribed to Shakespeare. The epitaph is a conventional statement of James' godly life. The epitaphs for Combe are different. One is a satirical comment on Combe's money-lending at 10 per cent interest. The verse says that he lent money at one-in-ten, and it's ten-to-one he'll end up in hell . This

8188-445: Was revising his oeuvre "for definitive publication". The "apprentice plays" which had been reworked were naturally omitted from the Folio. Sams also rejected 20th century orthodoxy on Shakespeare's collaboration : with the exception of Sir Thomas More , Two Noble Kinsmen and Henry VIII , the plays were solely his, though many were only partly revised. By Sams' authorship- and dating-arguments, Shakespeare wrote not only

8280-464: Was the order that all parishes in England were to maintain a weekly register of births, deaths and marriages. The oldest surviving registers are those of St. James, the first entry being the baptism of Edward Butler on 18 November 1535. St. James was repaired and expanded several times during the first half of the 17th century – the north aisle being rebuilt in 1624 and a gallery added in 1644. Under

8372-645: Was this something Elizabeth did, although in 1587, the Earl of Leicester had done so in Elizabeth's name, at the Galthius. While it must be said that Hook and Horne are writing for the same edition with Charles Tyler Prouty as general editor, this ties directly with Horne's supposition that this is the same George Peele, for the George Peele who married Mary Gates was the widow of the former Master-Gunner of Berghen-op-Zoom, Lawrence Gates, and Mary and George Peele entered

8464-502: Was your knight. Professor Francis Barton Gummere , in a critical essay prefixed to his edition of The Old Wives Tale , puts in another claim for Peele. In the contrast between the romantic story and the realistic dialogue he sees the first instance of humour quite foreign to the comic business of earlier comedy. The Old Wives Tale is a play within a play, slight enough to be perhaps better described as an interlude . Its background of rustic folklore gives it additional interest, and there

#350649