103-899: George Roy Hill (December 20, 1921 – December 27, 2002) was an American actor and film director. His films include Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) and The Sting (1973), both starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford ; both films also earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Director , winning for the latter. Hill also directed The World of Henry Orient (1964), Hawaii (1966), Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967), Slaughterhouse-Five (1972), The Great Waldo Pepper (1975), Slap Shot (1977), A Little Romance (1979), The World According to Garp (1982) and his final film Funny Farm (1988). According to one obituary "few directors achieved such fame and success... even fewer enjoyed such eminence for such
206-670: A bachelor's degree in literature. Other sources say his thesis was never completed because he became sidetracked by the Irish theater , making his stage debut as a walk-on part in 1947 at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin , with Cyril Cusack 's company in a production of George Bernard Shaw 's The Devil's Disciple . He had a leading role in Raven of Wicklow by Bridget G. MacCarthy in the same theater in February 1948. On his return to
309-432: A knife fight over the gang's leadership. Cassidy defeats him using trickery, but embraces Logan's idea to rob a Union Pacific train on both its eastward and westward runs, agreeing that the second robbery would be unexpected and likely reap more money than the first. The first robbery goes well. To celebrate, Cassidy visits a favorite brothel in a nearby town, where the town marshal unsuccessfully attempts to organize
412-412: A made-for-television sequel to the film was released. Wanted: The Sundance Woman more heavily features Katharine Ross as Etta Place. In 1979, Butch and Sundance: The Early Days , a prequel, was released starring Tom Berenger as Butch Cassidy and William Katt as the Sundance Kid. It was directed by Richard Lester and written by Allan Burns . William Goldman , the writer of the original film,
515-405: A posse to track down the gang, only to have his address to the townsfolk hijacked by a friendly bicycle salesman. Sundance, meanwhile, visits his lover, schoolteacher Etta Place . Cassidy joins up with them the next morning, and takes Place for a ride on his new bike. On the second train robbery, Cassidy uses too much dynamite to blow open the safe . The explosion demolishes the baggage car in
618-508: A "servicemember" must have a memorandum service-connected disability rating of 20% or greater and apply for vocational rehabilitation services. Those qualifying as "veterans" must have received, or eventually receive, an honorable or other-than-dishonorable discharge, have a VA service-connected disability rating of 10% or more, and apply for services. Law provides for a 12-year basic period of eligibility in which services may be used, which begins on latter of separation from active military duty or
721-437: A "turkey" and was baffled by its success. Gene Siskel also disliked the film stating he thought it was predictable and writing that it was “too cute to be believed … not memorable.” Siskel would later admit in 1989 that publishing his negative review was one of his first challenges as film critic recalling that the editorial assistant was shocked that he was giving a bad review to a film starring Paul Newman and would give him
824-541: A Roaring Lion", "Good Old Charlie Faye", " A Night to Remember ", an adaptation of Walter Lord 's book about the sinking of the Titanic (of which Hill also co-wrote the teleplay). In addition he did "Man on the White Horse", "Carnival", and "A Real Fine Cutting Edge" with George Peppard for The Kaiser Aluminum Hour . Hill's work on "A Night to Remember" earned him two Emmy nominations for writing and directing at
927-525: A Service Member under more than one education benefit. If a service member applies for Montgomery GI Bill benefits (such as the Top-up option to augment Tuition Assistance) and entered service on/after August 1, 2011, then they must incur a subsequent period of service to convert to the Post 9/11 GI Bill. If the service member cannot incur another period of service, they are not eligible to convert. The VA considers
1030-620: A Special Edition that is also available on VHS . The film grossed $ 82,625 in its opening week from two theatres in New York City. The following week it expanded and became the number one film in the United States and Canada for two weeks. It went on to earn $ 15 million in theatrical rentals in the United States and Canada by the end of 1969. According to Fox records the film required $ 13,850,000 in rentals to break even and by December 11, 1970, had made $ 36,825,000 so made
1133-509: A bank robbery, so Place attempts to teach them the language. With her as an accomplice, they become successful bank robbers known as Los Bandidos Yanquis . However, their confidence drops after seeing a man wearing a white skimmer and fear that Harriman's posse is still after them. Cassidy suggests "going straight", and he and Sundance land their first honest job as payroll guards for a mining company. However, they are ambushed by local bandits on their first run and their boss, Percy Garris,
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#17327802148101236-488: A cliff into a river far below. They learn from Place that the posse has been paid by Union Pacific head E. H. Harriman to remain on their trail until they are both killed. Cassidy convinces Sundance and Place that the three should go to Bolivia , which he envisions as a robber's paradise. On their arrival there, Sundance is dismayed by the living conditions and regards the country with contempt, but Cassidy remains optimistic. However, they know too little Spanish to pull off
1339-542: A considerable profit to the studio. It eventually returned $ 45,953,000 in rentals. With a final US gross of over $ 100 million, it was the top-grossing film released in 1969 . It was the eighth-most-popular film of 1970 in France. At the time of release, reviewers gave the film mediocre grades, and New York and national reviews were "mixed to terrible" though better elsewhere, screenwriter William Goldman recalled in his book Which Lie Did I Tell?: More Adventures in
1442-460: A disability or because he/she was held by a foreign government or power. The 10-year period can also be extended if one reenters active duty for 90 days or more after becoming eligible. The extension ends 10 years from the date of separation from the later period. Periods of active duty of fewer than 90 days qualify for extensions only if one was separated for one of the following: For those eligible based on two years of active duty and four years in
1545-589: A former Democratic Governor of Illinois, served as the Chairman of the Legion's Executive Committee, which drafted and mobilized public opinion to get the G.I. Bill to President Roosevelt's desk on June 22, 1944. Stelle was rewarded for his efforts by the Legion which unanimously elected him its National Commander in 1945. He is commonly referred to as the "Father of the G.I. Bill." Since the First World War
1648-673: A giant hit. The world premiere of the film was on September 23, 1969, at the Roger Sherman Theater, in New Haven, Connecticut . The premiere was attended by Paul Newman, his wife Joanne Woodward , Robert Redford, George Roy Hill, William Goldman, and John Foreman , among others. It opened the next day in New York City at the Penthouse and Sutton theatres. The film became available on DVD on May 16, 2000, in
1751-478: A gunfight with the outlaws. Cassidy has to make a desperate run to the burro to get ammunition, while Sundance provides covering fire. Wounded, the two take cover inside a building. Cassidy suggests their next destination should be Australia . Meanwhile, unbeknownst to the two men, the local police have called on the Bolivian Army . The pair charge out of the building, guns blazing, into a hail of bullets from
1854-547: A humorous spoof-like tease of Hindemith during the piano concerto scene of Henry Orient ( Peter Sellers ). While at Yale, Hill was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon , the Scroll & Key Society and of The Spizzwinks(?) and The Whiffenpoofs , America's oldest collegiate a cappella singing group. During World War II , Hill served in the United States Marine Corps as a transport pilot with VMR-152 in
1957-483: A lack of resources. By 1946, only one fifth of the 100,000 black people who had applied for educational benefits had been registered in college. Furthermore, historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) came under increased pressure as rising enrollments and strained resources forced them to turn away an estimated 20,000 veterans. HBCUs were already the poorest colleges. HBCU resources were stretched even thinner when veterans' demands necessitated an expansion in
2060-640: A lesson that he had to be honest as a critic, no matter how unpopular his opinion would be. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid also appears on several of the American Film Institute 's 100 Years lists. Over time, major American movie reviewers have been widely favorable. The film holds an 89% "Certified Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews with an average score of 8.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "With its iconic pairing of Paul Newman and Robert Redford, jaunty screenplay and Burt Bacharach score, Butch Cassidy and
2163-420: A major contribution to U.S. stock of human capital that encouraged long-term economic growth . It has been criticized for various reasons including increasing racial wealth disparities during the era of Jim Crow . The original G.I. Bill ended in 1956. The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 provided veterans with funding for the full cost of any public college in their state. The G.I. Bill
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#17327802148102266-574: A means test—only poor veterans would get one year of funding; only top-scorers on a written exam would get four years of paid college. The American Legion proposal provided full benefits for all veterans, including women and minorities, regardless of their wealth. An important provision of the G.I. Bill was low interest, zero down payment home loans for servicemen, with more favorable terms for new construction compared to existing housing. This encouraged millions of American families to move out of urban apartments and into suburban homes. Another provision
2369-878: A new foundation for the 21st century. August 3, 2009. In December 2010 Congress passed the Post-9/11 Veterans Education Assistance Improvements Act of 2010. The new law, often referred to as G.I. Bill 2.0, expands eligibility for members of the National Guard to include time served on Title 32 or in the full-time Active Guard and Reserve (AGR). It does not, however, cover members of the Coast Guard Reserve who have served under Title 14 orders performing duties comparable to those performed by National Guard personnel under Title 32 orders. The new law also includes: enrollment periods. In this case if
2472-684: A proportionately longer period. This meant that for every month the veteran received benefits at the half-time, the veteran's benefits were only charged for 1/2 of a month. Veterans from the reserve had different eligibility requirements and different rules on receiving benefits (see Ch. 1606, Ch. 1607 and Ch. 33). MGIB could also be used while active, which only reimbursed the cost of tuition and fees. Each service has additional educational benefit programs for active duty members. Most delay using MGIB benefits until after separation, discharge or retirement. The "Buy-Up" option, allows active duty members to forfeit up to $ 600 more toward their MGIB. For every dollar
2575-440: A screenwriter in 1930s Hollywood, but it was never made. Instead, Hill had a huge commercial success with Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), based on a script by William Goldman and starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford . The film received seven Academy Award nominations, including ones for Best Picture and Best Director , and won four, including for Best Original Song , " Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head " at
2678-519: A service member has elected a GI Bill upon submission of VA Form 22–1990.and VA approval and issues a Certificate of Eligibility. Under this bill, benefits may be used to pursue an undergraduate or graduate degree at a college or university, a cooperative training program, or an accredited independent study program leading to a degree. "Chapter 31" is a vocational rehabilitation program that serves eligible active duty servicemembers and veterans with service-connected disabilities. This program promotes
2781-569: A service-connected disability, hardship, or certain medical conditions. Entitles such individuals to 36 months of educational assistance. Rep. Jeff Miller (R-Florida) got the house to pass easier access to the GI Bill by "verifying honorable service as a coast-wise merchant seaman between December 7, 1941, and December 31, 1946, for purposes of eligibility for veterans' benefits under the GI Bill Improvement Act of 1977." It passed
2884-533: A short period of time." He was born in Minneapolis , Minnesota, to George Roy and Helen Frances (née Owens) Hill, part of a well-to-do Roman Catholic family with interests in the newspaper business; the family owned the Minneapolis Tribune . Hill was no relation to George W. Hill , director and cinematographer of numerous silent movies and early sound films in the 1920s and early 1930s. He
2987-429: A time, Hill was the only director in history to have made two of the top 10 money-making films. Hill disliked tardiness on set. Paul Newman said of his time (as Butch Cassidy ) on Butch Cassidy : "If you weren’t on time, he’d take you up in his airplane. Scare the bejesus out of us." The Great Waldo Pepper (1975) was based on a story by Hill, with a script by William Goldman and starring Robert Redford. However, it
3090-657: A writer, one of his scripts included Keep Our Honor Bright . He later directed episodes of Ponds Theater ("Time of the Drought"), and Lux Video Theatre ("The Creaking Gate", "Not All Your Tears", "The Happy Man".) Hill returned to Broadway in 1957 as director of the Pulitzer Prize -winning play Look Homeward, Angel . Starring Jo Van Fleet and Anthony Perkins , this ran for 564 performances. Hill continued to direct television, most notably episodes of Kraft Theatre including "Eleven O'Clock Flight", "The Devil as
3193-530: A year stipend for books, among other benefits. The VA announced in September 2008 that it would manage the new benefit itself instead of hiring an outside contractor after protests by veteran's organizations and the American Federation of Government Employees . Veterans Affairs Secretary James B. Peake stated that although it was "unfortunate that we will not have the technical expertise from
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3296-647: Is available for those who first entered active duty between January 1, 1977, and June 30, 1985, and elected to make contributions from their military pay to participate in this education benefit program. Participants' contributions are matched on a $ 2 for $ 1 basis by the Government with a maximum allowable participant contribution of $ 2,700. (Maximum possible government contribution: $ 5,400. Maximum possible benefit: $ 8,100.) This benefit may be used for degree and certificate programs, flight training, apprenticeship/on-the-job training and correspondence courses. Congress, in
3399-418: Is killed. They kill the bandits, the first time Cassidy has ever shot someone. The duo concludes the straight life is not for them. Sensing they will be killed should they return to robbery, Place decides to return to the United States. Cassidy and Sundance steal a payroll and a burro used to carry it, and arrive in a small town. A boy recognizes the burro's livestock branding and alerts the police, leading to
3502-427: Is not to be confused with a "kicker". A kicker is an additional payment as well, however it is a contractual incentive for specific jobs, and not an optional offering soldiers can pay into. MGIB benefits may be used up to 10 years from the date of last discharge or release from active duty. The 10-year period can be extended by the amount of time a service member was prevented from training during that period because of
3605-523: The 42nd Academy Awards . In 1970, he said a common theme of his films was innocence vs evil. Hill followed it with Slaughterhouse-Five (1972). "Most of the characters in my film are not too bright," he said in a 1972 interview. Hill was reunited with Newman and Redford in The Sting (1973), which won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director at the 46th Academy Awards . The success of Butch Cassidy and The Sting meant that, for
3708-615: The 9th Primetime Emmy Awards . He directed some famous episodes of Playhouse 90 including " The Helen Morgan Story " (1957), " The Last Clear Chance " (1958), " Child of Our Time " (1958), and " Judgment at Nuremberg " (1959). Hill then focused on theatre, directing the Broadway productions of The Gang's All Here (1960) with Melvyn Douglas (132 performances), Greenwillow (1960) with Anthony Perkins (97 performances) and Period of Adjustment (1961) by Tennessee Williams , which ran for 132 performances. He replaced Elia Kazan for
3811-474: The AFI's 10 Top 10 list in 2008. In 1899 Wyoming , Butch Cassidy is the affable, clever, talkative leader of the outlaw Hole-in-the-Wall Gang . His closest companion is the laconic dead-shot " Sundance Kid ". The two return to their hideout at Hole-in-the-Wall to discover that the rest of the gang, irked at Cassidy's long absences, have selected Harvey Logan as their new leader. Logan challenges Cassidy to
3914-580: The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 . As President Roosevelt (Democrat) signed the G.I. Bill in June 1944 he said, "I trust Congress will soon provide similar opportunities to members of the merchant marine who have risked their lives time and time again during war for the welfare of their country." Now that the youngest World War II veterans are in their 90s, efforts have been made to recognize the merchant mariners' contributions by giving some benefits to
4017-1013: The South Pacific . The outbreak of the Korean War resulted in his recall to active duty service for 18 months as a night fighter pilot, attaining the rank of major. After the war, he was stationed at the Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point jet flight-training center in North Carolina . After being discharged, Hill worked as a newspaper reporter in Texas , then took advantage of the GI Bill to do graduate work at Trinity College, Dublin , studying James Joyce 's use of music in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake . Some sources say he graduated in 1949 with
4120-615: The Upper East Side of Manhattan on December 27, 2002, aged 81. Actor Academy Awards BAFTA Awards Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is a 1969 American Western buddy film directed by George Roy Hill and written by William Goldman . Based loosely on fact, the film tells the story of Wild West outlaws Robert LeRoy Parker, known as Butch Cassidy ( Paul Newman ), and his partner Harry Longabaugh,
4223-616: The " Sundance Kid " ( Robert Redford ), who are on the run from a crack US posse after a string of train robberies. The pair and Sundance's lover, Etta Place ( Katharine Ross ), flee to Bolivia to escape the posse. In 2003, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The American Film Institute ranked Butch Cassidy and
George Roy Hill - Misplaced Pages Continue
4326-417: The "Raindrops" sequence and the "scat-singing sound track by Burt Bacharach at his most cacophonous," which it said made the film "absurd and anachronistic." Roger Ebert 's review of the movie was a mixed 2.5 out of 4 stars. He praised the beginning of the film and its three lead actors, but felt the film progressed too slowly and had an unsatisfactory ending. But after Harriman hires his posse, Ebert thought
4429-777: The American Legion, is credited with writing the first draft of the G.I. Bill. He reportedly jotted down his ideas on stationery and a napkin at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C. A group of 8 from the Salem, Illinois American Legion have also been credited with recording their ideas for veteran benefits on napkins and paper. The group included Omar J. McMackin, Earl W. Merrit, Dr. Leonard W. Esper, George H. Bauer, William R. McCauley, James P. Ringley, A.L. Starshak and Illinois Governor, John Stelle who attended
4532-668: The American Veterans Committee at the time, Charles G. Bolte, wrote that federal agencies were consistently discriminating "as though the legislation were earmarked 'For White Veterans Only'". According to historian Ira Katznelson, "the law was deliberately designed to accommodate Jim Crow ". In the New York and northern New Jersey suburbs 67,000 mortgages were insured by the G.I. Bill, but fewer than 100 were taken out by non-whites. Additionally, some banks and mortgage agencies refused loans to black people. After
4635-561: The First World War had millions of members; they mobilized support in Congress for a bill that provided benefits only to veterans of military service, including men and women. Ortiz says their efforts "entrenched the VFW and the Legion as the twin pillars of the American veterans' lobby for decades." Harry W. Colmery , Republican National Committee chairman and a former National Commander of
4738-589: The GI Bill Comparison Tool, the largest recipients of GI Bill Funds are Lead generators like QuinStreet have also acted as third parties to recruit veterans for subprime colleges. The bill specified that any veteran requiring a prosthetic limb would be entitled to one and the training required to utilize it, as well as limited funding for custom automobiles and home renovations. Author Bess Williamson highlighted that there were extensive obstacles to veterans receiving prosthetic limbs following
4841-499: The House and went no further. After the GI Bill was instituted in the 1940s, a number of "fly-by-night" vocational schools were created. Some of these for-profit colleges still target veterans, who are excluded from the 90-10 rule for federal funding. This loophole encourages for-profit colleges to target and aggressively recruit veterans and their families. Legislative efforts to close the 90-10 loophole have failed. According to
4944-408: The Legion had been in the forefront of lobbying Congress for generous benefits for war veterans. President Roosevelt initially proposed a much smaller program. As historians Glenn C. Altschuler and Stuart Blumin point out, FDR did not play a significant role in the contours of the bill. At first, Roosevelt shared with nearly everyone the idea that "satisfactory employment," not educational opportunity,
5047-543: The Margaret Webster theatre company, Hill met Louisa Horton , whom he married on April 7, 1951. They later divorced. Hill was survived by Horton, their two sons, including George Roy Hill III and John Hill, two daughters, and 12 grandchildren. After his second return to civilian life, Hill bought an open-cockpit Waco biplane built in 1930, which he retained until about ten years before his death. Hill died from complications of Parkinson's disease at his home on
5150-539: The MilTA CAP. This will reduce the total benefit available once the member leaves service. Veterans Educational Assistance Improvements Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–377, January 4, 2011), Section 111, amended Title 38, U.S. Code, by adding section 3322(h), "Bar to Duplication of Eligibility Based on a Single Event or Period of Service," which does not allow the Department of Veterans Affairs to establish eligibility for
5253-473: The Screen Trade . New York Times film reviewer Vincent Canby wrote that the film is "very funny in a strictly contemporary way," but said that "at the heart of the film there is a gnawing emptiness that can't be satisfied by an awareness that Hill and Goldman knew exactly what they were doing---making a very slick movie." He described the "Raindrops" sequence as part of an effort to "play tricks on
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#17327802148105356-557: The Selected Reserve (also known as "call to service"), they have 10 years from their release from active duty, or 10 years from the completion of the four-year Selected Reserve obligation to use MGIB benefits. At this time, service members cannot recoup any monies paid into the MGIB program should it not be utilized. Service members may use GI bill in conjunction with Military Tuition Assistance (MilTA) to help with payments above
5459-471: The Sundance Kid as the 73rd-greatest American film on its " AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) " list, and number 50 on the original list. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were ranked 20th-greatest heroes on " AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains ". Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was selected by the American Film Institute as the 7th-greatest Western of all time in
5562-402: The Sundance Kid has gone down as among the defining moments in late-'60s American cinema." The Writers Guild of America ranked the screenplay #11 on its list of 101 Greatest Screenplays ever written. In 2003, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was selected by The New York Times as one of The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made . In 2008, British film publication Empire magazine ranked
5665-854: The U.S., Hill studied theatre at HB Studio in New York City . He acted Off Broadway and toured with Margaret Webster 's Shakespeare Repertory Company. He appeared on Broadway in Richard II , The Taming of the Shrew , and August Strindberg 's Creditors (with Bea Arthur ). In 1952 he featured in a supporting role in the Hollywood movie Walk East on Beacon , and appeared in episodes of Lux Video Theatre including "The Doctor's Wife", "Man at Bay" and "Masquerade". He also acted in episodes of Kraft Theatre such as "The Golden Slate". He also acted on radio, including portraying Ned on The Doctor's Wife . Hill used his Korean War experience as
5768-439: The audience" by "taking short cuts to lyricism." The performers, Canby wrote, "succeed although the movie does not." Time magazine said the film's two male stars are "afflicted with cinematic schizophrenia. One moment they are sinewy, battered remnants of a discarded tradition. The next, they are low comedians whose chaffing relationship—and dialogue—could have been lifted from a Batman and Robin episode ." Time criticized
5871-504: The basis for a TV drama, "My Brother's Keeper", which appeared on Kraft Television Theatre , with Hill himself in the cast. During his military service at Cherry Point, he had had to be 'talked down' by a ground controller at Atlanta airport, an incident that led to his writing the screenplay. The episode was performed and transmitted live in 1953. After his demobilisation , he joined the Kraft Television Theatre as
5974-412: The benefits, they received as of 2012 $ 1564 monthly as a full-time student (tiered at lower rates for less-than-full-time) for a maximum of 36 months of education benefits. This benefit could be used for both degree and certificate programs, flight training, apprenticeship/on-the-job training, and correspondence courses if the veteran was enrolled full-time. Part-time veteran students received less, but for
6077-628: The bill included provisions for higher education. The final bill provided immediate financial rewards for practically all World War II veterans, thereby avoiding the highly disputed postponed life insurance policy payout for World War I veterans that had caused political turmoil in the 1920s and 1930s. Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business or farm, one year of unemployment compensation , and dedicated payments of tuition and living expenses to attend high school, college, or vocational school . These benefits were available to all veterans who had been on active duty during
6180-504: The complete filmmaker. He can put a blank piece of paper in the typewriter and make a movie out of it up to and including the music." Hill made Slap Shot (1977), a popular sports comedy with Paul Newman. His next film was A Little Romance (1979), and The World According to Garp (1982), with Robin Williams and Glenn Close , in her film debut. He also directed The Little Drummer Girl (1984) with Diane Keaton . His last film
6283-452: The curriculum beyond the traditional "preach and teach" course of study. Though black people encountered many obstacles in their pursuit of G.I. benefits, the bill greatly expanded the population of African Americans attending college and graduate school. In 1940, enrollment at Black colleges was 1.08% of total U.S. college enrollment. By 1950 it had increased to 3.6%. However, these gains were limited almost exclusively to Northern states, and
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#17327802148106386-477: The date the veteran was first notified of a service-connected disability rating. In general, participants have 48 months of program entitlement to complete an individual vocational rehabilitation plan. Participants deemed to have a "serious employment handicap" will generally be granted exemption from the 12-year eligibility period and may receive additional months of entitlement as necessary to complete approved plans. The Veterans Educational Assistance Program (VEAP)
6489-556: The development of suitable, gainful employment by providing vocational and personal adjustment counseling, training assistance, a monthly subsistence allowance during active training, and employment assistance after training. Independent living services may also be provided to advance vocational potential for eventual job seekers, or to enhance the independence of eligible participants who are presently unable to work. In order to receive an evaluation for Chapter 31 vocational rehabilitation and/or independent living services, those qualifying as
6592-422: The educational and economic gap between white and black nationally widened under the effects of the G.I. Bill. With 79 percent of the black population living in southern states, educational gains were limited to a small portion of black Americans. Congress did not include the merchant marine veterans in the original G.I. Bill, even though they were considered military personnel in times of war in accordance with
6695-520: The film #32 on their list of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time . The film inspired the television series Alias Smith and Jones , starring Pete Duel and Ben Murphy as outlaws trying to earn an amnesty. A parody titled "Botch Casually and the Somedunce Kid" was published in Mad . It was illustrated by Mort Drucker and written by Arnie Kogen in issue No. 136, July 1970. Also in 1976,
6798-443: The film. Some felt the song had the wrong tone for a Western, but George Roy Hill insisted on its inclusion. Robert Redford , one of the stars of the films, was among those who disapproved of using the song, though he later acknowledged he was wrong: When the film was released, I was highly critical: How did the song fit with the film? There was no rain. At the time, it seemed like a dumb idea. How wrong I was, as it turned out to be
6901-427: The first and second World Wars. These included inadequate types of prosthetics, poor quality of prosthetics, and a high emphasis on societal reintegration that emphasized aesthetics over function. However, the sympathetic perception of veterans, influenced by films like Meet McGonegal (1944), helped to drive innovation of prosthetic devices. Williamson also argued that these veteran's benefits, despite their flaws, set
7004-470: The latter. Hill's success as a theatre director led to his first feature as director – the film version of Period of Adjustment (1962). Starring Jane Fonda and Jim Hutton , it was a box office success. He was meant to follow with an adaptation of The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer at MGM for producer John Houseman but it was not made. In light of that his next project
7107-415: The massed troops who have occupied all the surrounding vantage points. The film ends with the sound of gunfire on a freeze-frame shot of the two bandits. William Goldman first came across the story of Butch Cassidy in the late 1950s and researched intermittently for eight years before starting to write the screenplay. Goldman says he wrote the story as an original screenplay because he did not want to do
7210-402: The monthly MGIB rate would pay). The additional contribution must be made while still on active duty. It is available for G.I. Bill recipients using either Ch. 30 or Ch. 1607, but cannot be extended beyond 36 months if a combination of G.I. Bill programs are used. It will pay past 36 months of eligibility, by being paid to the end of the term where entitlement is exhausted. The "buy-up" option
7313-461: The movie's quality declined: "Hill apparently spent a lot of money to take his company on location for these scenes, and I guess when he got back to Hollywood he couldn't bear to edit them out of the final version. So the Super-posse chases our heroes unceasingly, until we've long since forgotten how well the movie started." Ebert reaffirmed his review in 1989 stating that he still thought it was
7416-598: The original bill, and these benefits packages are commonly referred to as updates to the G.I. Bill. A greater percentage of Vietnam veterans used G.I. Bill education benefits (72 percent) than World War II veterans (49 percent) or Korean War veterans (43 percent). Canada operated a similar program for its World War II veterans, with a similarly beneficial economic impact. The G.I. Bill aimed to help American World War II veterans adjust to civilian life by providing them with benefits including low-cost mortgages , low-interest loans and financial support. The chairman of
7519-600: The private sector," the VA "can and will deliver the benefits program on time." President Obama Launches Post-9/11 GI Bill August 3, 2009 | 12:01 President Obama marks the launch of the Post-9/11 GI Bill, which will provide comprehensive education benefits to our veterans. The bill will provide our veterans the skills and trainings they need to be successful in the future, and is part of the Presidents plan to build
7622-492: The process and the money flies everywhere. As the gang scrambles to gather it, a second train arrives carrying a six-man team of lawmen. The crack squad pursues Cassidy and Sundance, who try to hide out in the brothel, and then to seek amnesty from Sheriff Bledsoe, to no avail. The posse remains in pursuit, and it includes renowned Indian tracker "Lord Baltimore" and lawman Joe Lefors , recognizable by his white skimmer . Cassidy and Sundance elude their pursuers by jumping from
7725-466: The producers attempted to replace Hill with Arthur Hiller , but abandoned the idea after hundreds of native Polynesians in the cast went on strike, declaring: "We can and will perform only for our friend, Monsieur Hill." The movie was a huge commercial success. Hill rebuilt his Hollywood reputation with the Julie Andrews musical Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967) produced by Ross Hunter . Hill
7828-407: The protagonists to flee. According to Goldman, when he first wrote the script and sent it out for consideration, only one studio wanted to buy it—and that was with the proviso that the two lead characters did not flee to South America. When Goldman protested that that was what had happened, the studio head responded, "I don't give a shit. All I know is John Wayne don't run away." Goldman rewrote
7931-566: The remaining survivors. In 2007, three different bills to address this issue were introduced in Congress, of which one only passed in the House of Representatives. The Belated Thank You to the Merchant Mariners of World War II Act of 2007 establishes Merchant Mariner equality compensation payments by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs of a monthly benefit of $ 1,000 to each individual who, between December 7, 1941, and December 31, 1946,
8034-415: The research to make it as authentic as a novel. Goldman later stated: The whole reason I wrote the ... thing, there is that famous line that Scott Fitzgerald wrote, who was one of my heroes, "There are no second acts in American lives." When I read about Cassidy and Longabaugh and the superposse coming after them—that's phenomenal material. They ran to South America and lived there for eight years and that
8137-550: The role as he liked the script. Jacqueline Bisset was a top contender for the role of Etta Place. Filming locations include the ghost town of Grafton , Zion National Park , Snow Canyon State Park , and the city of St. George . These areas remain popular film tourism destinations, including the Cassidy Trail in Red Canyon. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song " Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head " for
8240-451: The role of Sundance were Steve McQueen and Warren Beatty , who both turned it down, with Beatty claiming that the film was too similar to Bonnie and Clyde . According to Goldman, McQueen and Newman both read the scripts at the same time and agreed to do the film. McQueen eventually backed out of the film due to disagreements with Newman. The two actors would eventually team up in the 1974 disaster film The Towering Inferno . Redford took
8343-453: The script, "didn't change it more than a few pages, and subsequently found that every studio wanted it." The role of Sundance was offered to Jack Lemmon , whose production company, JML, had produced the film Cool Hand Luke (1967) starring Newman. Lemmon, however, turned down the role because he did not like riding horses and felt that he had already played too many aspects of the Sundance Kid's character before. Other actors considered for
8446-536: The service member cannot recoup whatever money was paid into the system. In some states, the National Guard does offer true scholarship benefits, regardless of past or current MGIB participation. In 1984, former Mississippi Democratic Congressman Gillespie V. "Sonny" Montgomery revamped the G.I. Bill. From 1984 until 2008, this version of the law was called "The Montgomery G.I. Bill". The Montgomery GI Bill — Active Duty (MGIB) stated that active duty members had to forfeit $ 100 per month for 12 months; if they used
8549-406: The service member contributes, the federal government contributes $ 8. Those who forfeit the maximum ($ 600) will receive, upon approval, an additional $ 150 per month for 36 months, or a total of $ 5400. This allows the veteran to receive $ 4,800 in additional funds ($ 5400 total minus the $ 600 contribution to receive it), but not until after leaving active duty (unless the tuition of a term is higher than
8652-592: The signing ceremony with President Roosevelt. U.S. Senator Ernest McFarland , (D) AZ, and National Commander of the American Legion Warren Atherton , (R) CA were actively involved in the bill's passage. Edith Nourse Rogers , (R) MA, who helped write and who co-sponsored the legislation, might be termed as the "mother of the G.I. Bill". As with Colmery, her contribution to writing and passing this legislation has been obscured by time. The bill that President Roosevelt initially proposed had
8755-681: The spectators at state fairs flying past the grandstand upside down." Hill obtained his pilot's license at the age of sixteen. Airplanes featured prominently in his later films and are frequently crashed as well — in Slaughterhouse-Five , The World According to Garp and especially The Great Waldo Pepper which showed the influence on Hill of pilots like Speed Holman. Hill loved classical music, especially Johann Sebastian Bach , and as an undergraduate at Yale University studied music under notable composer Paul Hindemith , graduating in 1943. His film The World of Henry Orient contains
8858-654: The stage for later government support and legislation, like the Americans with Disabilities Act . All veteran education programs are found in law in Title 38 of the United States Code. Each specific program is found in its own Chapter in Title 38. Unlike scholarship programs, the Montgomery GI Bill (MGIB) requires a financial commitment from the service member. However, if the benefit is not used,
8961-514: The summer of 2008, approved an expansion of benefits beyond the current G.I. Bill program for military veterans serving since the September 11 attacks originally proposed by Democratic Senator Jim Webb . Beginning in August 2009, recipients became eligible for greatly expanded benefits, or the full cost of any public college in their state. The new bill also provides a housing allowance and $ 1,000
9064-410: The veteran is full-time, and his or her maximum BAH rate is $ 1500 per month, then he or she will receive (13/30)x$ 1500 = $ 650 for the end of the first period of enrollment, then the veteran will receive (10/30)x$ 1500 = $ 500 for the beginning of the second period of enrollment. Effectively, the change in break-pay means the veteran will receive $ 1150 per month for August instead of $ 1500 per month. This has
9167-432: The war years for at least 90 days and had not been dishonorably discharged . By 1956, 7.8 million veterans had used the G.I. Bill education benefits, some 2.2 million to attend colleges or universities and an additional 5.6 million for some kind of training program. Historians and economists judge the G.I. Bill a major political and economic success—especially in contrast to the treatments of World War I veterans—and
9270-836: The war, many people, black people included, returned to their former lives of poverty, making it difficult for them to pursue the higher education opportunities afforded by the G.I. Bill. In the South, which was still segregated at that time, some universities refused to admit black people until the Civil Rights movement. Colleges accepting black people in the South initially numbered 100. Some of those institutions were of lower quality, with 28 of them classified as sub- baccalaureate . Only seven states offered post-baccalaureate training, while no accredited engineering or doctoral programs were available for blacks. These institutions were all smaller than white or non-segregated universities, often facing
9373-507: Was Funny Farm (1988) with Chevy Chase . Screenwriter Jeffrey Boam said, "George wanted to do a much classier version than I ever imagined it to be. I imagined it to be a little cruder, more low-brow humor, rougher and more like the movies Chevy was doing at the time, but George was a classy guy and he wasn’t going to do that ... I think a lot of Chevy’s fans were let down because it wasn’t as raucous and vulgar as they might have expected." During his later years he taught drama at Yale. In
9476-574: Was a commercial disappointment. Around that time he said in an interview: "Just as I play nothing but Bach for pleasure, so do I read nothing but history for pleasure. I like to be able to sit back and pick out the most fascinating facets of an era. You have a better perspective. In the present, you get too caught up in the heat of the emotions of the moment." In August 1974, Hill signed an exclusive five-year contract with Universal to make projects following Pepper . "Why shouldn't we give George that kind of deal?" said studio executive Jennings Lang . "He's
9579-763: Was a documented member of the U.S. Merchant Marine (including Army Transport Service and the Naval Transport Service). This bill was introduced to the House by Rep. Bob Filner (D-California) in 2007 and passed the House but not the Senate so did not become law. Another attempt to notice Merchant Marines in the G.I. Bill was the 21st Century GI Bill of Rights Act of 2007, introduced by Sen. Hillary Clinton, Entitles basic educational assistance to Armed Forces or reserves who, after September 11, 2001: (1) are deployed overseas; or (2) serve for an aggregate of at least two years or, before such period, are discharged due to
9682-528: Was a law that provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s ). The original G.I. Bill expired in 1956, but the term "G.I. Bill" is still used to refer to programs created to assist American military veterans. It was largely designed and passed through Congress in 1944 in a bipartisan effort led by the American Legion , which wanted to reward practically all wartime veterans. John H. Stelle ,
9785-607: Was also modified through the passage of the Forever GI Bill in 2017. On June 22, 1944, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill of Rights, was signed into law. Professor Edwin Amenta states: During the war, politicians wanted to avoid the postwar confusion about veterans' benefits that became a political football in the 1920s and 1930s. Veterans' organizations that had formed after
9888-537: Was an adaptation of Lillian Hellman 's Toys in the Attic (1963) starring Dean Martin. Hill's next step was a movie based on the novel The World of Henry Orient (1964). Hill and producer Jerome Hellman bought the rights for their own Pan Arts Company. The movie was critically acclaimed but was a commercial disappointment. Hill was hired to direct the blockbuster Hawaii (1966) after Fred Zinnemann pulled out. Reportedly, when budget estimates reached $ 14 million,
9991-472: Was an executive producer. Jeff Corey was the only actor to appear in the original and the prequel. In September 2022, Amazon Studios announced a television adaptation of the film, starring Regé-Jean Page and Glen Powell . Joe and Anthony Russo will be executive producers under their AGBO production banner. GI Bill The G.I. Bill , formally the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 ,
10094-481: Was educated at The Blake School , one of Minnesota's most prestigious private schools, and graduated from Yale University with a Bachelor of Music in 1943. He received his master's degree in literature and music from Trinity College Dublin . He had a love of flying. After school he liked to visit the airport, and his hobby was to memorize the records of World War I flying aces. He idolized pilot Speed Holman , who, Hill once explained, "used to make his approach to
10197-415: Was fired during the editing process because he wanted to make the film shorter, whereas Universal wanted to turn it into a roadshow production . However it was a solid box office hit. He returned to Broadway to direct Henry, Sweet Henry (1967), a musical version of The World of Henry Orient , but it only lasted for 80 performances. He was meant to follow that with a film called Hamburger Dreams , about
10300-604: Was known as the 52–20 clause for unemployment. Unemployed war veterans would receive $ 20 once a week for 52 weeks for up to one year while they were looking for work. Less than 20 percent of the money set aside for the 52–20 Club was distributed. Rather, most returning servicemen quickly found jobs or pursued higher education. The recipients did not pay any income tax on the GI benefits, since they were not considered earned income. The G.I. Bill received criticism for directing some funds to for-profit educational institutions . The G.I. Bill
10403-569: Was racially discriminatory, as it was intended to accommodate Jim Crow laws . Due to the discrimination by local and state governments, as well as by private actors in housing and education, the G.I. Bill failed to benefit African Americans as it did with white Americans. Columbia University historian Ira Katznelson described the G.I. Bill as affirmative action for whites. The G.I. Bill has been criticized for increasing racial wealth disparities. The original G.I. Bill ended in 1956. A variety of benefits have been available to military veterans since
10506-500: Was the key feature of the bill. This changed in the fall of 1944, when Roosevelt's special representative to the European Theatre, Anna M. Rosenberg , returned with her report on the G.I.'s postwar expectations. From her hundreds of interviews with servicemen then fighting in France, it was clear they wanted educational opportunities previously unavailable to them. FDR "lit up," Rosenberg recalled, and subsequent additions to
10609-532: Was what thrilled me: they had a second act. They were more legendary in South America than they had been in the old West ... It's a great story. Those two guys and that pretty girl going down to South America and all that stuff. It just seems to me it's a wonderful piece of material. The characters' flight to South America caused one executive to reject the script, as it was then unusual in Western films for
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