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21-1137: Gerhard is a name of Germanic origin and may refer to: Given name [ edit ] Gerhard (bishop of Passau) (fl. 932–946), German prelate Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1292–1340), German prince, regent of Denmark Gerhard Barkhorn (1919–1983), German World War II flying ace Gerhard Berger (born 1959), Austrian racing driver Gerhard Boldt (1918–1981), German soldier and writer Gerhard de Beer (born 1994), South African football player Gerhard Diephuis (1817–1892), Dutch jurist Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964), German pathologist and bacteriologist and Nobel Laureate Gerhard Dorn (c.1530–1584), Flemish philosopher, translator, alchemist, physician and bibliophile Gerhard Ertl (born 1936), German physicist and Nobel Laureate Gerhard Fieseler (1896–1987), German World War I flying ace Gerhard Flesch (1909–1948), German Nazi Gestapo and SS officer executed for war crimes Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945), German mathematician and logician Gerhard Armauer Hansen (1841–1912), Norwegian physician who found

42-543: A far-heavier punch. Now an experienced pilot against the Viermots Sommer's tally steadily rose and he scored a victory on most of the American raids in 1943. The odds were now stacking up against the American bombers, still without fighter cover over a good third of their mission, and with increasing numbers of Luftwaffe fighters drawn into Reich Defence. For example, on 13 June, where Sommer scored his 7th victory,

63-514: A slightly different set of constituents: ger and wald (meaning 'rule/lead'). Gerhard Sommer (pilot) Gerhard Sommer (14 September 1919 – 12 May 1944) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II . The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership - for

84-941: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Gerard Common forms of the name are Gerard (English, Scottish, Irish, Dutch , Polish and Catalan ); Gerrard (English, Scottish, Irish); Gerardo ( Italian , and Spanish ); Geraldo ( Portuguese ); Gherardo ( Italian ); Gherardi ( Northern Italian , now only a surname); Gérard (variant forms Girard and Guérard , now only surnames, French ); Gearóid ( Irish ); Gerhardt and Gerhart / Gerhard / Gerhardus ( German , Dutch, and Afrikaans ); Gellért ( Hungarian ); Gerardas ( Lithuanian ) and Gerards / Ģirts ( Latvian ); Γεράρδης ( Greece ). A few abbreviated forms are Gerry and Jerry (English); Gerd (German) and Gert (Afrikaans and Dutch); Gerrit (Afrikaans and Dutch); Gertjie (Afrikaans); Geert (Dutch) and Жоро ( Bulgarian ). The introduction of

105-582: The Berlin raid of 29 April (Mission #327), in what would be the last time in the war that the 8th USAAF lost over 60 bombers on a mission. Promoted to Hauptmann on 1 May, his last victory was a P-47 fighter on yet another Berlin raid, on 8 May. Four days later, on 12 May, still as the StaKa ( Staffelkapitän ) of 4./JG 11, he was shot down and killed in his Bf 109 G-6/AS 'White 14' ( Werknummer 140028) by P-47 fighters by Salzkotten , near Lippstadt . At

126-577: The Focke Wulf factory in Bremen) the Luftwaffe could now field over 20 squadrons of Bf 109 and Fw 190 fighters and it proved to be the costliest raid (Mission #50) to date: 16 of the 115 bombers were shot down. Although Sommer himself didn't add to his tally that day, Heinz Knoke and his pilots of sister-squadron 5./JG 11 had a degree of success by air-to-air bombing - dropping bombs into the middle of

147-651: The German commanders had the time to carefully improve and hone their combat tactics against these mighty opponents. The threat was quickly appreciated and a new air unit, JG 11, was authorised to be set up for Reich defence, by drawing on the experienced cadre of pilots in JG 1. Thus, on 1 April 1943, Sommer's squadron 1./JG 1 was redesignated 4./JG 11. So by 17 April, when the Americans made their first and only raid in April, (on

168-632: The Mission #62 on Kiel lost a catastrophic 22 bombers out of 60 sent. Desperate to provide any sort of fighter cover, the Allies were trying to develop jettisonable fuel-tanks on their P-47D Thunderbolts to give them extra range. The last week of July was designated by the Allies for Operation Gomorrah - a 6-day round-the-clock pounding of the Reich by the Americans by day and the British by night (including

189-548: The Western Front and includes fourteen four-engined Heavy bombers . Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat ), for example "PQ 05 Ost 75/8/2". The Luftwaffe grid map ( Jägermeldenetz ) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude , an area of about 360 square miles (930 km ). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give

210-951: The World War II Holocaust Gerhard Zandberg (born 1983), South African swimmer Surname [ edit ] Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Gerhard (1795–1867), German archaeologist Johann Gerhard (1582–1637), German religious leader Karl Gerhard (1891–1964), Swedish revue-writer and performer Keegan Gerhard (born 1960), German pastry chef Peter Gerhard (1920–2006), American historical geographer Roberto Gerhard (1896–1970), Spanish Catalan composer Till Gerhard (born 1971), German painter Mark Gerhard , CEO of Jagex Pseudonym or professional name [ edit ] Gerhard (cartoonist) (born 1959), Canadian illustrator and cartoonist See also [ edit ] Gerard Gérard Gerhardt Gerhart [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share

231-427: The bomber formations, primed on a short time-delay fuse, to break up and scatter the formation to make individual aircraft more vulnerable. Sommer did score a B-24 victory (his 4th overall) on the 14 May raid (Mission #56 on the submarine pens at Kiel), and his 5th a week later (a B-17 over Wilhelmshaven). About this time, II./JG 11 was re-equipping with Bf 109G-6 'gunboats', carrying a pair of underwing 30mm cannons for

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252-456: The bombers for the full 100% mission distance, forever tipping the scales in the Allies favour in the Reich bombing campaign. February 20 was the start of Operation Avalanche , better known as 'Big Week', a coordinated assault on the Luftwaffe, its airfields and its factories, then in March attention turned to Berlin. Gerhard Sommer would not survive the war though - he scored a final Viermot on

273-2063: The cause of leprosy Gerhard Herzberg (1904–1999), German-Canadian physicist and chemist and Nobel Laureate Gerhard Hochschild (1915–2010), German-American mathematician Gerhard Klimeck (born 1966), German-American scientist Gerhard Lang (1924-2016), German botanist Gerhard Lenski (1924–2015), American sociologist of German descent Gerhard Mayer (born 1980), Austrian discus thrower Gerhard Mitter (1935–1969), German racing driver Gerhard Friedrich Müller (1705–1783), German historian and ethnologist Gerd Müller , (1945–2021), German football striker Gerhard Ludwig Müller (born 1947), German cardinal Gerhard Munthe (1849–1929), Norwegian painter and illustrator Gerhard Neumann (1917–1997), aircraft engine designer and executive Gerhard Noodt (1647–1725), Dutch jurist Gerhard Jan Palthe (1681–1767), Dutch painter and portraitist Gerhard Potma (1967–2006), Dutch competitive sailor Gerhard Präsent (born 1957), Austrian composer Gerhard Richter (born 1932), German expressionist painter Gerhard Ritter (1888–1967), German nationalist-conservative historian Gerhard Rohlfs (1892–1986), German linguist Gerhard von Scharnhorst (1755–1813), German general Gerhard Schmidhuber (1894–1945), German general during World War II Gerhard Schröder (born 1944), German SDP politician, Chancellor of Germany 1998-2005 Gerhard Schröder (CDU) (1910–1989), German CDU politician, Foreign Minister and Minister of Defence Gerhard Schwedes (born 1938), American football player Gerhard von Schwerin (1899–1980), German general during World War II Gerhard Sommer (1921–2019), German soldier during World War II accused of war crimes Gerhard Sommer (pilot) (1919–1944), German World War II flying ace Gerhard Strindlund (1890–1957), Swedish politician Gerhard Tausche (born 1957), German archivist and author Gerhard Wack (born 1945), German politician Gerhard Wolf (1896–1971), German diplomat who saved many Jews from

294-603: The change in the airwar over the Reich, Sommer's three victories (15-17v.) in December 1943 were all P-47 escort fighters. Another aspect was the vast increase in numbers - his 18th victory, a B-17, was one of 650 bombers sent on Mission #182 to bomb the aircraft factories in the Brunswick area. The bad weather of January 1944 limited operations but February saw the advent of the P-51 Mustang - a fighter capable of escorting

315-519: The devastating Hamburg fire-raid of 27 July). Sommer shot down 3 bombers that week, taking his tally now to 11 victories. Missing the carnage of the combined Schweinfurt/Regensburg raids (#84) in August, Sommer's next victory was a B-17 on 27 September. This raid marked the operational debut of the long-range P-47s, now finally able to escort the bombers well into the Reich, and despite Sommer's success, II./JG 11 took its heaviest losses to date. Reflecting

336-638: The fighter pilots, it was a quantifiable measure of skill and combat success. Gerhard Sommer was killed on 12 May 1944 after aerial combat with P-47 fighters. He was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944. During his career he was credited with 20 aerial victories, all on the Western Front. Born 14 September 1919 at Steinpleis near Zwickau in Saxony. After completing his pilot training, about December 1941, Leutnant Sommer

357-654: The name 'Gerard' into the English language took place following the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Its original forms in Old French were " Gerard , Gerart " [dʒeʁɑʁ] and " Girart ". Patronymic surnames derived from a form of Gerard include Garrard , Garritsen , Gerard, Geertsen , Gerardet , Gerardi , Gerdes , Gerrard , Gerretsen , Gerrits(e), Gerritsen , Ghiraldi , and Giraud . The name Gerald , while phonetically similar to Gerard, derives from

378-526: The same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gerhard&oldid=1215912951 " Categories : Given names Surnames German masculine given names Masculine given names Dutch masculine given names Norwegian masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

399-557: The time of his death, Hauptmann Sommer was 24 years old and one of the Luftwaffe's highest scoring Viermot-Töters (Bomber-killers) with 14 (or 15) of his confirmed 20 victories being Viermots . In recognition of this he was awarded a posthumous Knight's Cross on 27 July 1944. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces: Biographies and Victory Claims , researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 20 aerial victory claims, all of which were claimed on

420-457: Was 26 February 1943 before he scored his second victory - a B-17 of the 8th US Bomber Command, the first of his 15 Viermot (4-engined bomber) victories. Having started in late January, the daylight incursions from the American bombers would become constant and steadily increase in size. However, with the Allied escort fighters forced to turn back as they neared the German frontier for lack of fuel,

441-620: Was posted to the 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—2st Fighter Wing). At the time the unit was on Reich Defence duties, and relatively quiet covering the north-western approaches across the North Sea. It was not until 11 August 1942 that he claimed his first victory, an Royal Air Force (RAF) Vickers Wellington bomber southwest of Helgoland island. In autumn 1942, he was transferred and appointed to Staffelkapitän (Squadron Leader) of 1. Staffel of JG 1, succeeding Oberleutnant Kurt Müller-Bornemann in this capacity. It

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