A passing loop (UK usage) or passing siding (North America) (also called a crossing loop , crossing place , refuge loop or, colloquially, a hole ) is a place on a single line railway or tramway , often located at or near a station , where trains or trams travelling in opposite directions can pass each other. Trains / trams going in the same direction can also overtake, provided that the signalling arrangement allows it. A passing loop is double-ended and connected to the main track at both ends, though a dead end siding known as a refuge siding , which is much less convenient, can be used. A similar arrangement is used on the gauntlet track of cable railways and funiculars , and in passing places on single-track roads .
45-715: Gerogery ( / dʒ ə ˈ r ɒ dʒ ər i / jə- ROJ -ər-i ) is a town established on Wiradjuri land in the Murray region of the Australian state of New South Wales . The town is in the Greater Hume Shire local government area and on the Main South railway line between Sydney and Melbourne , where it intersects with the Olympic Highway . Gerogery serves a rural farming community. Gerogery has
90-692: A group of Aboriginal Australian people from central New South Wales , united by common descent through kinship and shared traditions. They survived as skilled hunter-fisher-gatherers, in family groups or clans, and many still use knowledge of hunting and gathering techniques as part of their customary life. In the 21st century, major Wiradjuri groups live in Condobolin , Peak Hill , Narrandera and Griffith . There are significant populations at Wagga Wagga and Leeton and smaller groups at West Wyalong , Parkes , Dubbo , Forbes , Cootamundra , Darlington Point , Cowra and Young . The Wiradjuri autonym
135-408: A radio system to set the points from a distance. The design of crossing loops may have to be modified where there are severe gradients that make it difficult for a train to restart from a stationary position, or where the terrain is unsuitable for a normal loop. A crossing loop on steep gradient may have catch points on the downhill end to reduce the impact of runaways. Since central operation of
180-501: A revised and expanded edition of Lancelot Threlkeld 's 1834 work on the Awabakal language, An Australian Grammar , in which he created his own names for groupings, such as Yunggai, Wachigari and Yakkajari. Tindale says that some of the later terms had entered the literature, although not based on fieldwork and lacking Aboriginal support, as artificial, collective names for his "Great Tribes" of New South Wales. He writes that there
225-759: A rugby league team in the Group 13 Rugby League competition. The architecture of the station master's house, the Gerogery Pub, and Commemoration Hall, are worthy of note. The Gerogery Doll Museum is also an attraction. On 17 December 2009, a fire began at the smouldering Walla Walla rubbish tip, and spread in high winds (estimated to be 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph)) across farm land between Glenellen and Gerogery. It took less than an hour to travel 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), burning out an estimated 7,000 hectares (17,000 acres). The Rural Fire Service reported sheds, crops, cars and four dwellings were destroyed;
270-457: A stock route, the Gerogery Pub attracted Sunday clientele from Albury, who were able to use a statutory loophole to evade Sunday closing and order an alcoholic drink. Prosperity brought by the Korean War wool boom saw the expansion of Gerogery township in the 1950s, with a few general stores, but this had contracted to just one combined post office store by the late 1960s. In 1974 the area
315-604: A temperate climate. It lies close to the Great Yambla Range, with its striking Tabletop and Sugar Loaf ridge at the southern end. At the 2006 census , Gerogery had a population of 979. Gerogery is on land originally inhabited by the Wiradjuri people. In English, the place name is pronounced Jer-rodge-er-rree; however, in Indigenous language it could have been a repeated "Jerro-Jerro ee". Local understanding
360-457: Is centred in Wiradjuri region. Jessica's best friend (Mary Simpson) was from Wiradjuri. Noel Beddoe's novel The Yalda Crossing also explores Wiradjuri history from an early settler perspective, bringing to life a little-known massacre that occurred in the 1830s. Andy Kissane's poem, "The Station Owner's Daughter, Narrandera" tells a story about the aftermath of that same massacre, and was
405-553: Is derived from wiray , meaning "no" or "not", with the comitative suffix -dhuray or -dyuray meaning "having". That the Wiradjuri said wiray , as opposed to some other word for "no", was seen as a distinctive feature of their speech, and several other tribes in New South Wales, to the west of the Great Dividing Range , are similarly named after their own words for "no". A similar distinction
450-630: Is located in the Yambla Range, and was used in between holdups around Tumbarumba , Kyeamba , and as a place to take refuge after the alleged killing of several police and a Wagga Wagga judge. (The bushranger was subject of a Dennis Hopper film Mad Dog Morgan .) Gerogery Post Office opened on 15 April 1875. The coming of the Sydney Great Southern Railway in 1880 made Gerogery the temporary terminus while building proceeded on to Albury . This railway resulted in moving
495-478: Is referred to as a dynamic loop. For example, the Windermere branch line will be getting one to permit a 2tph service pattern. Some railways fit catch points at the ends of crossing loops so that if a train overruns the loop, it is derailed rather than collide with an opposing train. Since the available space for crossing loops is usually limited, they do not normally have an overlap (safety margin) between
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#1732786805156540-522: Is the place is named after the Wiradjuri word for magpies , plentiful in the locality. The arrival of European settlers meant that trees were extensively cleared and wheat planted, along with sheep and cattle grazed. Gerogery was at the easternmost extent of nineteenth-century German immigration up the Murray River from South Australia . During the 1860s bushranger Mad Dan Morgan held up Sam Watson at Gerogery East. His hideout, "Morgan's Place"
585-492: The Grave of Yuranigh . They are generally to be found near rivers where the softer earth allowed easier burial. Alfred William Howitt remarked that these trees incised with taphoglyphs served both as transit points to allow mythological cultural heroes to ascend to, and descend from, the firmament as well as a means for the deceased to return to the sky. The Wiradjuri diet included yabbies and fish such as Murray cod from
630-459: The "nations" concept. However, Tindale refers to Wiradjuri in his own work (p. 200): "Wiradjuri 'Wiradjuri (Wi'raduri)". Wiradjuri is a Pama–Nyungan family and classified as a member of the small Wiradhuric branch of Australian languages of Central New South Wales. The Wiradjuri language is effectively extinct, but attempts are underway to revive it, with a reconstructed grammar, based on earlier ethnographic materials and wordlists and
675-581: The 1850s there were still corroborees around Mudgee , but there were fewer clashes. The short story Death in the Dawntime , originally published in The Mammoth Book of Historical Detectives (Mike Ashley, editor; 1995), is a murder mystery that takes place entirely among the Wiradjuri people before the arrival of Europeans in Australia. In Bryce Courtenay 's novel Jessica , the plot
720-546: The 1960s Aboriginal stone tools were found a couple of kilometres north-west of the township. In 2013 Al Jeda Arabians made Gerogery their homebase. Gerogery West (the original township) is home to the Kimberley Park Welsh Pony Stud. Gerogery has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: The railway has a crossing loop at Gerogery. Under the AusLink plan, the line between Gerogery and
765-510: The Wiradjuri's southern boundary and the change from woodland to open grassland marks their eastern boundary. The Wiradjuri were organised into bands. Norman Tindale quotes Alfred William Howitt as mentioning several of these local groups of the tribe: The Wiradjuri, together with the Gamilaraay (who however used them in bora ceremonies ), were particularly known for their use of carved trees which functioned as taphoglyphs , marking
810-400: The burial site of a notable medicine-man, ceremonial leader, warrior or orator of a tribe. On the death of a distinguished Wiradjuri, initiated men would strip the bark off a tree to allow them to incise symbols on the side of the trunk which faced the burial mound . The craftsmanship on remaining examples of this funeral artwork displays notable artistic power. Four still stand near Molong at
855-492: The centre of population from an original settlement (now Gerogery West) to the railway line. The station master's residence is a beautiful two-story house listed by the National Trust . The original station was removed in the 1980s. A one-teacher government school was set up close to the railway line in 1884, as part of the general plan by the New South Wales government to stem the spread of religious-based education that
900-484: The curve. This layout is mostly used at local stations where many passenger trains do not stop. Since there is only one passenger platform, it is not convenient to cross two passenger trains if both stop. This type of passing loop is common in Russia and post-Soviet states. A disadvantage of the platform and through arrangement is the speed limits through the turnouts at each end. In the example layout shown, trains take
945-661: The foothills of the Blue Mountains east of Lithgow and Oberon , and east of Cowra , Young and Tumut and south to the upper Murray at Albury and east to about Tumbarumba . The southern border ran to Howlong . Its western reaches went along Billabong Creek to beyond Mossgiel . They extended southwest to the vicinity of Hay and Narrandera . Condobolin southwards to Booligal , Carrathool , Wagga Wagga , Cootamundra , Parkes , Trundle ; Gundagai , Boorowa , and Rylstone , Wellington , and Carcoar all lay within Wiradjuri territory. The Murray River forms
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#1732786805156990-557: The harshness of his own people's behaviour, since the Wiradjuri were in his view, fond of white people, as they would call them. Clashes between the British settlers and the Wiradjuri however multiplied as the influx of colonist increased, and became known as the Bathurst Wars . The occupation of their lands and their cultivation began to cause famine among the Wiradjuri, who had a different notion of what constituted property. In
1035-407: The inspiration for Alex Ryan's short film, Ngurrumbang . The variety of spellings for the name Wiradjuri is extensive, with over 60 ways of transcribing the word registered. Crossing loop Ideally, the loop should be longer than all trains needing to cross at that point. Unless the loop is of sufficient length to be dynamic , the first train to arrive must stop or move very slowly, while
1080-474: The left-hand track in their direction of running. Low-speed turnouts restrict the speed in one direction. Two platform faces are needed, and they can be provided either at a single island platform or two side platforms (as shown). Overtaking is not normally possible at this kind of up-and-down loop as some of the necessary signals are absent. Crossing loops using up-and-down working are very common in British practice. For one thing, fewer signals are required if
1125-450: The longer and heavier high-speed turnouts may be beyond the capability of manual lever operation. Refuge sidings are used at locations with gradients too steep for heavy freight trains or steam haulage to depart from conventional passing loops, or confined spaces where a passing loop cannot be built. An extra parallel siding is often built at stations on refuge sidings so that two stopping trains can pass, and an extended catch point opposite
1170-485: The loop line may be omitted. If the passenger train from one direction always arrives first, the platform on the loop line may also be omitted by extending the platform past the loop in that direction. The through road has straight track, while the platform road has low-speed turnouts at either end. A possible advantage of this layout is that trains scheduled to pass straight through the station can do so uninterrupted; they do not have to reduce their speed to pass through
1215-484: The memories of Wiradjuri families, which is now used to teach the language in schools. This reclamation work was originally propelled by elder Stan Grant and John Rudder who had previously studied Australian Aboriginal languages in Arnhem Land . The Wiradjuri are the largest Aboriginal group in New South Wales. They once occupied a vast area in central New South Wales, on the plains running north and south to
1260-428: The next crossing loop to the south, Tabletop , will be duplicated . The duplicated line will be about 14 kilometres (9 mi) long and will allow for running crosses, where trains in opposing directions need not slow down or stop, and where flights of trains can also pass each other. Due to cost-saving measures, the length of the passing lanes have been reduced to approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi). In 2001, there
1305-411: The platforms may be provided on both the main and loop tracks or possibly on only one of them. The main line has straight track, while the loop line has low-speed turnouts at either end. If the station has only one platform, then it is usually located on the main line. If passenger trains are relatively few in number, and the likelihood of two passenger trains crossing each other low, the platform on
1350-454: The points and signals from a single signal box is convenient, and since there are practical limits for the distance to these points and signals, crossing loops can have a system-wide effect on train sizes. Line capacity is partly determined by the distance between individual crossing loops. Ideally these should be located at inverse -integer intervals along the track by travel time. The longest section between successive crossing loops will, like
1395-401: The points in and out of the loop operated manually, albeit more recent examples have so-called self-restoring switches that allow trains to exit a loop without needing to change the points. Other forms of remote operation included centralized traffic control , in which a train controller changes points and signals from a remote office; and driver-operated points, which enable train crews to use
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1440-419: The refuge siding may be added so as not to interfere with passing trains. If a crossing loop is several times the length of the trains using it, and is suitably signalled, then trains proceeding in opposite directions can pass (cross) each other without having to stop or even slow down. This greatly reduces the time lost by the first train to arrive at the crossing loop for the opposing train to go by. This system
1485-405: The rivers. In dry seasons, they ate kangaroos, emus and food gathered from the land, including fruit, nuts, yam daisies ( Microseris lanceolata ), wattle seeds, and orchid tubers. The Wiradjuri travelled into Alpine areas in the summer to feast on Bogong moths . The Wiradjuri were also known for their handsome possum-skin cloaks stitched together from several possum furs. Governor Macquarie
1530-535: The second to arrive may pass at speed. If one train is too long for the loop it must wait for the opposing train to enter the loop before proceeding, taking a few minutes. Ideally, the shorter train should arrive first and leave second. If both trains are too long for the loop, time-consuming "see-sawing" (or "double saw-by") operations are required for the trains to cross (see Tawa railway station ). On railway systems that use platforms , especially high-level platforms, for passengers to board and disembark from trains,
1575-503: The starting signals and the end of the double line. In Australia, the Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) policy provides for overlaps of about 500 m and 200 m respectively in an effort to avoid derailment or collision. Many crossing loops are designed to operate automatically in an unattended mode. Such loops may be track-circuited with home signals cleared by the approaching train. Some loops have
1620-817: The tennis courts were burned down, part of the Olympic Highway was closed, and the Benambra Range was under threat. At least 50 fire trucks were deployed in the Gerogery area. The Greater Hume Shire Council provided $ 200,000 to help landowners replace approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) of boundary fences and help in the removal of fallen tree debris. [REDACTED] Media related to Gerogery at Wikimedia Commons Wiradjuri The Wiradjuri people ( Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjd̪uːraj] ; Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjɟuːraj] ) are
1665-425: The tracks in the station are signaled for one direction only; also, there is less likelihood of a collision caused by signalling a train onto the track reserved for trains in the opposing direction. In France, they often use spring switches and the speed is equally restricted in both directions. The speed restriction in one direction can be eliminated with higher-speed turnouts, but this may require power operation, as
1710-420: The weakest link in a chain, determine the overall line capacity. Long and short trains can cross at a short loop if the long train arrives second but leaves first. It is best if all crossing loops are longer than the longest train. Two long trains can cross at a short loop using a slow so-called see-saw process, which wastes time. Countries generally have a principle on which side trains shall meet, either on
1755-688: The west of the Blue Mountains . The area was known as "the land of the three rivers", the Wambuul (Macquarie) , the Kalare later known as the Lachlan and the Murrumbidgee , or Murrumbidjeri . Norman Tindale estimated the territorial range of the Wiradjuri tribal lands at 127,000 km (49,000 sq mi). Their eastern borders ran from north to south from above Mudgee , down to
1800-653: Was a fatal accident at a level crossing on the railway line along Bells Road on the Olympic Highway. As a result, the level crossing has been replaced by the Five Mates Bridge. The Gerogery Football Club was formed in 1903 after a meeting at the Gerogery Hotel. Gerogery FC had a golden era in the early 1930s, when they won the 1930 Central Hume Football Association premiership, then won four consecutive Hume Football League premierships from 1933 to 1936, before folding in 1949. Gerogery also formerly had
1845-464: Was included in the area to be developed as part of a proposed greater Albury-Wodonga region, proposed by the Whitlam government as part of its national decentralisation program, but these plans were dismantled by Prime Minister Gough Whitlam 's successor, Malcolm Fraser . By the end of the twentieth century increased use of the car meant that Gerogery had become a dormitory suburb of Albury . In
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1890-428: Was made between Romance languages in medieval France , with the langues d'oc and the langues d'oïl distinguished by their word for "yes". In his book Aboriginal Tribes of Australia (1974), Norman Tindale wrote that Wiradjuri was one of several terms coined later, after the 1890s had seen a "rash of such terms", following the publication of a work by ethnologist John Fraser . In 1892, Fraser had published
1935-436: Was presented with one of these cloaks by a Wiradjuri man when he visited Bathurst in 1815. Wiradjuri territory was first penetrated by British colonists in 1813. In 1822 George Suttor took up an extensive lot of land, later known as Brucedale Station, after Wiradjuri guides showed him an area with ample water sources. Suttor learnt their language, and befriended Windradyne, nicknamed "Saturday" , and attributed conflict to
1980-425: Was springing up for the poor of the colony. Not far from Gerogery on the way to Walla Walla is a peak of rocks which was used as a meeting place and lookout to help break the shearers ' strike of 1891. The Gerogery Commemoration Hall was built in the 1920s. Many concerts and gatherings, including for the monthly Country Women's Association branch, have met here. Being 20 miles (32 km) from Albury, and on
2025-817: Was such a "literary need for major groupings that [Fraser] set out to provide them for New South Wales, coining entirely artificial terms for his 'Great tribes'. These were not based on field research and lacked aboriginal support. His names such as Yunggai, Wachigari and Yakkajari can be ignored as artifacts...During the 1890s the idea spread and soon there was a rash of such terms...Some of these have entered, unfortunately, into popular literature, despite their dubious origins." He lists Wiradjuri (NSW) as one of these artificial names, along with Bangarang ( Pangerang ) (Vic.); Booandik (Vic. & SA); Barkunjee ( Barkindji ) (NSW), Kurnai (Vic.), Thurrawal ( Dharawal ) (NSW), and Malegoondeet (?) (Vic.). He also mentions R. H. Mathews , A. W. Howitt and John Mathew as promulgators of
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