Misplaced Pages

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130-516: The German Corpse Factory or Kadaververwertungsanstalt (literally "Carcass-Utilization Factory"), also sometimes called the "German Corpse-Rendering Works" or " Tallow Factory" was one of the most notorious anti-German atrocity propaganda stories circulated in World War I . In the postwar years, investigations in Britain and France revealed that these stories were false. According to

260-474: A U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III flew using JP-8 conventional jet fuel in three of its engines and a 50/50 blend of JP-8 and HRJ biofuel made from beef tallow in one engine on August 23, followed by a flight with the same 50/50 blend in all four engines on August 24. On August 27, it flew using a blend of 50% JP-8, 25% HRJ, and 25% coal -based fuel made through the Fischer–Tropsch process , becoming

390-586: A deliberate British mistranslation of the phrase Kadaver Anstalt on a captured German order that all available animal remains be sent to an installation to be reduced to tallow. On 20 October 1925, the New York Times reported on a speech given by Brigadier General John Charteris at the National Arts Club the previous evening. Charteris was then a Conservative MP for Glasgow , but had served as Chief of Army Intelligence for part of

520-577: A diary of a German soldier to verify the accusation, but Charteris vetoed the idea. On his return to the UK, Charteris unequivocally denied the New York Times ' report in a statement to The Times , saying that he was only repeating speculation that had already been published in the 1924 book These Eventful Years: The Twentieth Century In The Making . This referred to an essay by Bertrand Russell , in which Russell asserted that, Any fact which had

650-621: A green rectangle with the word "IRISH", instead of the Royal Arms , but this was later changed, with "Irish Daily Mail" displayed instead. The Irish version includes stories of Irish interest alongside content from the UK version. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, the Irish edition had a circulation of 63,511 for July 2007, falling to an average of 49,090 for the second half of 2009. Since 24 September 2006 Ireland on Sunday ,

780-561: A hardline against President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, taking the viewpoint that Britain was justified in invading Egypt to retake control of the Suez canal and topple Nasser. The Daily Mail was transformed by its editor during the 1970s and 1980s, David English . He had been editor of the Daily Sketch from 1969 to 1971, when it closed. Part of the same group from 1953, the Sketch

910-599: A leader on 21 June 1927 entitled "Hungary's Place in the Sun". In "Hungary's Place in the Sun", he approvingly noted that Hungary was dominated both politically and economically by its "chivalrous and warlike aristocracy", whom he noted in past centuries had battled the Ottoman Empire, leading him to conclude that all of Europe owned a profound debt to the Hungarian aristocracy which had been "Europe's bastion against which

1040-633: A leader praised Mussolini as "the great figure of the age. Mussolini will probably dominate the history of the twentieth century as Napoleon dominated the early nineteen century". By 1929, George Ward Price was writing in the Mail that Baldwin should be deposed and Beaverbrook elected as leader. In early 1930, the two Lords launched the United Empire Party , which the Daily Mail supported enthusiastically. Like Lord Beaverbrook, Rothemere

1170-577: A mixture of 93% beef tallow and 7% cottonseed oil . According to a 1985 article in The New York Times , tallow was also used for frying at Burger King , Wendy's , Hardee's , Arby's , Dairy Queen , Popeyes , and Bob's Big Boy . Tallow is, however, making a comeback in certain nutrition circles. Greaves (also graves ) or cracklings is the fibrous matter remaining from rendering, typically pressed into cakes and used for animal feed , especially for dogs and hogs, or as fish bait . In

1300-612: A most genteel 'English' type". In the 1938 crisis over the Sudetenland, The Daily Mail was very hostile in its picture of President Edvard Beneš , whom Rothermere noted disapprovingly in a leader in July 1938 had signed an alliance with the Soviet Union in 1935, leading him to accuse Beneš of turning "Czechoslovakia into a corridor for Russia against Germany". Rothermere concluded his leader: "If Czechoslovakia becomes involved in

1430-412: A part in creating the 'Corpse factory' story. It can, however, be safely assumed that they were actively involved in its spreading." Furthermore, the story would have remained little more than rumour and tittle-tattle if it had not been taken up by respectable newspapers such as The Times in 1917. Israeli writer Shimon Rubinstein suggested in 1987 that it was possible that the story of the corpse factory

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1560-564: A period of journalistic success in the 1980s, employing Fleet Street writers such as gossip columnist Nigel Dempster , Lynda Lee-Potter and sportswriter Ian Wooldridge (who unlike some of his colleagues – the paper generally did not support sporting boycotts of white-minority-ruled South Africa – strongly opposed apartheid ). In 1982 a Sunday title, the Mail on Sunday , was launched (the Scottish Sunday Mail , now owned by

1690-486: A process called sizing . In sizing, a chemical is necessary to provide required strength to yarns mounted on the loom. Mutton tallow provides required strength and lubrication to the yarns. Daily Mail 2 Derry Street Defunct The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper published in London. It was founded in 1896. As of 2020 , it has the highest circulation of paid newspapers in

1820-515: A propaganda value was seized upon, not always with strict regard for truth. For example, worldwide publicity was given to the statement that the Germans boiled down human corpses in order to extract from them gelatine and other useful substances. This story was widely used in China when that country's participation was desired, because it was hoped that it would shock the well-known Chinese reverence for

1950-443: A publicity stunt to sell advertising and he refused to attend. But his wife exerted pressure upon him and he changed his view, becoming more supportive. By 1922 the editorial side of the paper was fully engaged in promoting the benefits of modern appliances and technology to free its female readers from the drudgery of housework. The Mail maintained the event until selling it to Media 10 in 2009. As Lord Northcliffe aged, his grip on

2080-554: A reality". Ward Price was one of the most controversial British journalists of the 1930s, who was one of the few British journalists allowed to interview both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler because both fascist leaders knew that Ward Price could be trusted to take a favorable tone and ask "soft" questions. Wickham Steed called Ward Price "the lackey of Mussolini, Hitler and Rothermere". The British historian Daniel Stone called Ward Price's reporting from Berlin and Rome "a mixture of snobbery, name dropping and obsequious pro-fascism of

2210-621: A series of promotions in the paper which had run for years, following a campaign from the group ' Stop Funding Hate ', who were unhappy with the Mail' s coverage of migrant issues and the EU referendum. In September 2017, the Daily Mail partnered with Stage 29 Productions to launch DailyMailTV, an international news program produced by Stage 29 Productions in its studios based in New York City with satellite studios in London, Sydney, DC and Los Angeles. Dr. Phil McGraw (Stage 29 Productions)

2340-461: A short piece at the foot of its "Through German Eyes" review of the German press, it quoted from a recent issue of the German newspaper Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger a very brief story by reporter Karl Rosner of only 59 words in length, which described the bad smell coming from a " Kadaver " rendering factory, making no reference to the corpses being human. The following day, 17 April 1917, the story

2470-545: A speech that he had invented the story for propaganda purposes, with the principal aim of getting the Chinese to join the war against Germany. Recent scholars do not credit the claim that Charteris created the story. Propaganda historian Randal Marlin says "the real source for the story is to be found in the pages of the Northcliffe press", referring to newspapers owned by Lord Northcliffe . Adrian Gregory presumes that

2600-504: A strip of burning cloth in a saucer of tallow grease—was an accessible substitute. Such a candle was often simply called a "dip" or, because of its low cost, a "farthing dip" or "penny dip". Early in the development of steam-driven piston engines, the hot vapors and liquids washed away most lubricants very quickly. It was soon found that tallow was quite resistant to this washing. Tallow and compounds including tallow were widely used to lubricate locomotive and steamship engines at least until

2730-753: A war, the British nation will say to the Prime Minister with one voice: 'Keep out of it!'" During the Danzig crisis , the Daily Mail was inadvertently used by the German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop to persuade Hitler that Britain would not go to war for the defense of Poland. Ribbentrop had the German Embassy in London headed by Herbert von Dirksen provide translations from pro-appeasement newspapers like

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2860-526: Is also possible that Charteris suggested that the story would be useful propaganda in China, and that he created a miscaptioned photograph to be sent to the Chinese, but again there is no evidence of this. Adrian Gregory is highly critical of Lord Ponsonby's account in Falsehood in War-Time , arguing that the story, like many other anti-German atrocity tales, originated with ordinary soldiers and members of

2990-428: Is animal fat that conforms to certain technical criteria, including its melting point . Commercial tallow commonly contains fat derived from other animals, such as lard from pigs , or even from plant sources. The solid material remaining after rendering is called cracklings , greaves, or graves. It has been used mostly for animal food , such as dog food . In the soap industry and among soap-making hobbyists ,

3120-484: Is as a lubricant for certain types of light engineering work, such as cutting threads on electrical conduit. Specialist cutting compounds are available, but tallow is a traditional lubricant that is easily available for cheap and infrequent use. The use of tallow or lard to lubricate rifles was the spark that started the Indian Mutiny of 1857 . To load the new Pattern 1853 Enfield Rifle , the sepoys had to bite

3250-764: Is listed on the London Stock Exchange . Circulation figures according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations in February 2020 show gross daily sales of 1,134,184 for the Daily Mail . According to a December 2004 survey, 53% of Daily Mail readers voted for the Conservative Party , compared to 21% for Labour and 17% for the Liberal Democrats . The main concern of Viscount Rothermere , the current chairman and main shareholder,

3380-518: Is no good trusting the old politicians. Accordingly, they have formed, as I should like to see our British youth form, a parliamentary party of their own...We can do nothing to check this movement [the Nazis], and I believe it would be a blunder for the British people to take up an attitude of hostility towards it." Starting in December 1931, Rothermere opened up talks with Oswald Mosley under which terms

3510-573: Is nothing incredible in the present charge against them." However, the government, he said, had neither the responsibility nor the resources to investigate the allegations. In the months that followed, the account of the Kadaververwertungsanstalt circulated worldwide, but never expanded beyond the account printed in The Times ; no eyewitnesses ever appeared, and the story was never enlarged or amplified. Some individuals within

3640-423: Is still used as a patch or projectile lubricant in present-day black powder arms. Tallow is used to make a biodegradable motor oil. Tallow is also used in traditional bell foundry , as a separation for the false bell when casting . Tallow can be used as flux for soldering . Mutton tallow is widely used as starch, lubricant and softener in textile manufacturing. Pretreatment processes in textiles include

3770-569: Is that the circulation be maintained. He testified before a House of Lords select committee that "we need to allow editors the freedom to edit", and therefore the newspaper's editor was free to decide editorial policy, including its political allegiance. On 17 November 2021, Ted Verity began a new seven-day role as editor of Mail newspapers, with responsibility for the Daily Mail , The Mail on Sunday and You magazine. The Daily Mail , devised by Alfred Harmsworth (later Viscount Northcliffe) and his brother Harold (later Viscount Rothermere),

3900-413: Is used for mixing with pigs' food and as manure. A debate followed in the pages of The Times and other papers. The Times stated that it had received a number of letters "questioning the translation of the German word Kadaver, and suggesting that it is not used of human bodies. As to this, the best authorities are agreed that it is also used of the bodies of animals." Letters were also received confirming

4030-540: Is used mainly in producing soap and animal feed. A significant use of tallow is for the production of shortening . It is also one of the main ingredients of the Native American food pemmican . With a smoke point of 480 °F (249 °C), tallow is traditionally used in deep frying and was preferred for this use until the rise in popularity of plant oils for frying. Before switching to pure vegetable oil in 1990, McDonald's cooked its French fries in

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4160-557: The National Newspaper of the Year award from The Press Awards nine times since 1994 (as of 2020 ). The Society of Editors selected it as the 'Daily Newspaper of the Year' for 2020. The Daily Mail has been criticised for its unreliability, its printing of sensationalist and inaccurate scare stories about science and medical research, and for instances of plagiarism and copyright infringement . In February 2017,

4290-558: The Daily Mail and the Daily Express for Hitler's benefit, which had the effect of making it seem that British public opinion was more strongly against going to war for Poland than was actually the case. The British historian Victor Rothwell wrote that the newspapers that Ribbentrop used to provide his press summaries for Hitler such as the Daily Express and the Daily Mail , were out of touch not only with British public opinion, but also with British government policy in regards to

4420-483: The Daily Mail as a means of dealing with Murdoch's offer. Dacre retired as editor of the Daily Mail but remains editor-in-chief of the group. In late 2013, the paper moved its London printing operation from the city's Docklands area to a new £50 million plant in Thurrock , Essex. There are Scottish editions of both the Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday , with different articles and columnists. In August 2016,

4550-629: The Daily Mail as an unreliable newspaper, citing the statement published in the Daily Mail in July 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion that "every one of the Europeans was put to the sword in a most atrocious manner" as the Daily Mail maintained that the entire European community in Beijing had been massacred. A month later in August 1900 the Daily Mail published a story about the relief of

4680-584: The Daily Mail began a partnership with The People's Daily , the official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party . This partnership included publishing articles in the MailOnline produced by The People's Daily. The agreement appeared to observers to give the paper an edge in publishing news stories sourced out of China, but it also led to questions of censorship regarding politically sensitive topics. In November 2016, Lego ended

4810-614: The Daily Mail began printing simultaneously in both Manchester and London, the first national newspaper to do so (in 1899, the Daily Mail had organised special trains to bring the London-printed papers north). The same production method was adopted in 1909 by the Daily Sketch , in 1927 by the Daily Express and eventually by virtually all the other national newspapers. Printing of the Scottish Daily Mail

4940-602: The Daily Mail ran a competition entitled "Why I Like The Blackshirts" under which it awarded one pound every week for the best letter from its readers explaining why they liked the BUF. The paper's support ended after violence at a BUF rally in Kensington Olympia in June 1934. Mosley and many others thought Rothermere had responded to pressure from Jewish businessmen who it was believed had threatened to stop advertising in

5070-487: The Daily Mail would support his party. The talks were drawn out largely because Mosley understood that Rothermere was a megalomaniac who wanted to use the New Party for his own purposes as he sought to impose terms and conditions in exchange for the support of the Daily Mail . Mosley, who was equally egoistical, wanted Rothermere's support, but only on his own terms. Rothermere's 1933 leader "Youth Triumphant" praised

5200-506: The Daily Mail wrote in support of Liz Truss in the July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election , calling her chancellor's mini-budget "a true Tory budget" that September. The Scottish Daily Mail was published as a separate title from Edinburgh starting in December 1946. The circulation was poor though, falling to below 100,000 and the operation was rebased to Manchester in December 1968. The Scottish Daily Mail

5330-776: The Daily Mail 's pro-German coverage of the Saarland referendum , under which the people of the Saarland had the choices of voting to remain under the rule of the League of Nations, join France, or rejoin Germany. In March 1935, impressed by the arguments put forward by Ribbentrop for the return of the former German colonies in Africa, Rothermere published a leader entitled "Germany Must Have Elbow Room". In his leader, Rothermere argued that

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5460-466: The English Misplaced Pages banned the use of the Daily Mail as a reliable source. The Mail was originally a broadsheet but switched to a compact format on 3 May 1971, the 75th anniversary of its founding. On this date it also absorbed the Daily Sketch , which had been published as a tabloid by the same company. The publisher of the Mail , the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT),

5590-560: The Mirror Group , was founded in 1919 by the first Lord Rothermere, but later sold). Knighted in 1982, Sir David English became editor-in-chief and chairman of Associated Newspapers in 1992 after Rupert Murdoch had attempted to hire Evening Standard editor Paul Dacre as editor of The Times . The Evening Standard was then part of the Associated Newspapers group, and Dacre was appointed to succeed English at

5720-677: The Treaty of Versailles was too harsh towards the Reich and claimed that the German economy was being crippled by the loss of the German colonial empire in Africa as he argued that without African colonies to exploit that the German economic recovery from the Great Depression was fragile and shallow. During the Spanish Civil War , the Daily Mail ran a photo-essay on 27 July 1936 by Ferdinand Touchy entitled "The Red Carmens,

5850-652: The major British dailies . Uniquely for a British daily newspaper, women make up the majority (52–55%) of its readership. It had an average daily circulation of 1.13 million copies in February 2020. Between April 2019 and March 2020 it had an average daily readership of approximately 2.18 million, of whom approximately 1.41 million were in the ABC1 demographic and 0.77 million in the C2DE demographic. Its website had more than 218 million unique visitors per month in 2020. The Daily Mail has won several awards, including receiving

5980-450: The "Admiral triumphantly stated that they were extracting glycerine out of dead soldiers!". The story was picked up by other papers. In all these cases the story was told as rumour, or as something heard from people supposed to be 'in the know'. It was not presented as documented fact. The first English language account of a real and locatable Kadaververwertungsanstalt appeared in the 16 April 1917 issue of The Times of London. In

6110-514: The 1950s. (During World War II, the vast fleets of steam-powered ships exhausted the supply, leading to the large-scale planting of rapeseed because rapeseed oil also resisted the washing effect.) Tallow is still used in the steel rolling industry to provide the required lubrication as the sheet steel is compressed through the steel rollers . There is a trend toward replacing tallow-based lubrication with synthetic oils in rolling applications for surface cleanliness reasons. Another industrial use

6240-594: The British as liars who would invent imaginary war crimes. The widespread belief that the Kadaververwertungsanstalt had been invented as propaganda had an adverse effect during World War II on rumours emerging about the Holocaust . One of the earliest reports in September 1942, known as the "Sternbuch cable" stated that the Germans were "bestially murdering about one hundred thousand Jews" in Warsaw and that "from

6370-574: The Conservative Party. The rise of the new party dominated the newspaper, and, even though Beaverbrook soon withdrew, Rothermere continued to campaign. Vice Admiral Ernest Augustus Taylor fought the first by-election for the United Empire Party in October, defeating the official Conservative candidate by 941 votes. Baldwin's position was now in doubt, but in 1931 Duff Cooper won the key by-election at St George's, Westminster , beating

6500-470: The Conservatives pulling out of the coalition, causing Lloyd George's downfall and with Britain backing down as the British agreed to pull their troops out of Turkey. Rothermere had a fundamentally elitist conception of politics, believing that the natural leaders of Britain were upper class men like himself, and he strongly disapproved of the decision to grant women the right to vote together with

6630-542: The DAVG — Deutsche Abfall-Verwertungs Gesellschaft ("German Waste Utilization Company"). Historian Piers Brendon has called it "the most appalling atrocity story" of World War I, while journalist Phillip Knightley has called it "the most popular atrocity story of the war." After the war, John Charteris , the former Chief of Intelligence at the British Expeditionary Force , allegedly stated in

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6760-451: The Danzig crisis. The press summaries Ribbentrop provided were particularly important as Ribbentrop had managed to convince Hitler that the British government secretly controlled the British press, and just as in Germany, nothing appeared in the British press that the British government did not want to appear. On 5 May 1946, the Daily Mail celebrated its Golden Jubilee. Winston Churchill

6890-647: The German Chancellor had authorised him to say on the authority of the German government, that there was never any foundation for the story, and that he accepted the denial on behalf of His Majesty's Government. The claim that Charteris invented the story to sway the opinion of the Chinese against the Germans was given wide circulation in Lord Arthur Ponsonby 's highly influential book, Falsehood in War-Time , which examined, according to its subtitle, an "Assortment of Lies Circulated Throughout

7020-546: The Harmsworth Press. Prime Minister H. H. Asquith accused the paper of being disloyal to the country. When Kitchener died, the Mail reported it as a great stroke of luck for the British Empire. The paper was critical of Asquith's conduct of the war, and he resigned on 5 December 1916. His successor David Lloyd George asked Northcliffe to be in his cabinet, hoping it would prevent him from criticising

7150-577: The Headquarters, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W." The Spectator condemned Rothermere's article commenting that, "... the Blackshirts, like the Daily Mail , appeal to people unaccustomed to thinking. The average Daily Mail reader is a potential Blackshirt ready made. When Lord Rothermere tells his clientele to go and join the Fascists some of them pretty certainly will." In April 1934,

7280-539: The Kadaver story, which have already been published in These Eventful Years (British Encyclopedia Press) and elsewhere, which I repeated, are, doubtless unintentionally, but nevertheless unfortunately, turned into definite statements of fact and attributed to me. Lest there should still be any doubt, let me say that I neither invented the Kadaver story nor did I alter the captions in any photographs, nor did I use faked material for propaganda purposes. The allegations that I did so are not only incorrect but absurd, as propaganda

7410-502: The Liberals were too pusillanimous in their response to the Tirpitz plan. In 1906, the paper offered £10,000 for the first flight from London to Manchester , followed by a £1,000 prize for the first flight across the English Channel . Punch magazine thought the idea preposterous and offered £10,000 for the first flight to Mars , but by 1910 both the Mail ' s prizes had been won. The paper continued to award prizes for aviation sporadically until 1930. Virginia Woolf criticised

7540-483: The Nations During the Great War". In his 1931 book Spreading Germs of Hate , pro-Nazi writer George Sylvester Viereck also insisted that Charteris had originated the story: The explanation was vouchsafed by General Charteris himself in 1926 [ sic ], at a dinner at the National Arts Club, New York City. It met with diplomatic denial later on, but is generally accepted. Charteris's alleged 1925 comments later gave Adolf Hitler rhetorical ammunition to portray

7670-399: The RAF. Rothermere and the Mail were also editorially sympathetic to Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists . Rothermere wrote an article titled "Hurrah for the Blackshirts" published in the Daily Mail on 15 January 1934, praising Mosley for his "sound, commonsense, Conservative doctrine", and pointing out that: "Young men may join the British Union of Fascists by writing to

7800-472: The Spanish Republic, which had preached gender equality. For Touchy, women to fight in a war was to reject their femininity, leading him to label these women as monstrous as he accused the "Red Carmens" of "sexual depravity", writing with utter horror at the possibility of these women engaging in premarital sex, which for him marked the beginning of the end of "civilisation" itself. The British historian Caroline Brothers wrote that Touchy's article said much about

7930-466: The Turkish demand that the British leave their occupation zone with Churchill sending out telegrams asking for Canada, Australia and New Zealand to all send troops for the expected war. George Ward Price , the "extra-special correspondent" of The Daily Mail was sympathetic towards the beleaguered British garrison at Chanak, but was also sympathetic towards the Turks. Ward Price wrote in his articles that Mustafa Kemal did not have wider ambitions to restore

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8060-418: The UK. Its sister paper The Mail on Sunday was launched in 1982, a Scottish edition was launched in 1947, and an Irish edition in 2006. Content from the paper appears on the MailOnline news website , although the website is managed separately and has its own editor. The paper is owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust . Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere , a great-grandson of one of

8190-426: The United Empire Party candidate, Sir Ernest Petter , supported by Rothermere, and this broke the political power of the press barons. In 1927, the celebrated picture of the year Morning by Dod Procter was bought by the Daily Mail for the Tate Gallery . In 1927, Rothermere, under the influence of his Hungarian mistress, Countess Stephanie von Hohenlohe , took up the cause of Hungary as his own, publishing

8320-445: The United Kingdom , dismissed the Daily Mail as "a newspaper produced by office boys for office boys." By 1902, at the end of the Boer Wars , the circulation was over a million, making it the largest in the world. With Harold running the business side of the operation and Alfred as editor, the Mail from the start adopted an imperialist political stance, taking a patriotic line in the Second Boer War , leading to claims that it

8450-464: The United Kingdom were found to be affected, leading to objections from vegans and members of some religious communities. Tallow once was widely used to make molded candles before more convenient wax varieties became available—and for some time after since they continued to be a cheaper alternative. For those too poor even to avail themselves of homemade, molded tallow candles, the "tallow dip"—a reed that had been dipped in melted tallow or sometimes

8580-428: The alleged dangers said to be posted by Chinese immigration to the United Kingdom. The "Yellow Peril" theme came to be abandoned because the Anglo-German naval race led to a more plausible threat to the British empire to be presented. In common with other Conservative papers, the Daily Mail used the Anglo-German naval race as a way of criticising the Liberal governments that were in power from 1906 onward, claiming that

8710-515: The bodies were those of soldiers and interpreted the word " kadaver " as a reference to human corpses. The story described how corpses arrived by rail at the factory, which was placed "deep in forest country" and surrounded by an electrified fence, and how they were rendered for their fats which were then further processed into stearin (a form of tallow). It went on to claim that this was then used to make soap, or refined into an oil "of yellowish brown colour". The supposedly incriminating passage in

8840-445: The cartridge open. It was believed that the paper cartridges that were standard issue with the rifle were greased with lard (pork fat), which was regarded as unclean by Muslims , or tallow (cow fat), which is incompatible with Hindu dietary laws . Tallow, along with beeswax , was also used in the lubricant for American Civil War ammunition used in the Springfield rifled musket . A combination of mutton tallow, paraffin wax and beeswax

8970-416: The claim that he invented the story in order to impress his audience, not realising a reporter was present. Randal Marlin says that Charteris's claim to have invented the story is "demonstrably false" in a number of details. However, it is possible that a fake diary was created but never used. Nevertheless, this diary, which Charteris claimed to still exist “in the war museum in London”, has never been found. It

9100-413: The corpses of the murdered, soap and artificial fertilizers are produced". Victor Cavendish-Bentinck , chairman of the British Joint Intelligence Committee, noted that these reports were rather too similar to "stories of employment of human corpses during the last war for the manufacture of fat which was a grotesque lie." Likewise, The Christian Century commented that "The parallel between this story and

9230-411: The dead... The story was set going cynically by one of the employees in the British propaganda department, a man with a good knowledge of German, perfectly well aware that "Kadaver" means "carcase," not "corpse,"... Charteris stated that he had merely repeated Russell's speculations, adding the extra information about the proposed fake diary: Certain suggestions and speculations as regards the origins of

9360-452: The defeat of Ramsay MacDonald 's Labour Party in the 1924 general election , held four days later. Unlike most newspapers, the Mail quickly took up an interest on the new medium of radio. In 1928, the newspaper established an early example of an offshore radio station aboard a yacht, both as a means of self-promotion and as a way to break the BBC's monopoly. However, the project failed as

9490-409: The detention of political prisoners. Alongside his support for Nazi Germany as the "bulwark against Bolshevism", Rothermere used The Daily Mail as a forum to champion his pet cause, namely a stronger Royal Air Force (RAF). Rothermere had decided that aerial war was the technology of the future, and throughout the 1930s The Daily Mail was described as "obsessional" in pressing for more spending on

9620-542: The end of the franchise requirements that disfranchised lower-class men. Feeling that British women and lower-class men were not really capable of understanding the issues, Rothermere started to lose faith in democracy. In October 1922, the Daily Mail approved of the Fascist " March on Rome " as the newspaper argued that democracy had failed in Italy, thus requiring Benito Mussolini to set up his Fascist dictatorship to save

9750-444: The equipment was not able to provide a decent signal from overboard, and the transmitter was replaced by a set of speakers. The yacht spent the summer entertaining beach-goers with gramophone records interspersed with publicity for the newspaper and its insurance fund. The Mail was also a frequent sponsor on continental commercial radio stations targeted towards Britain throughout the 1920s and 1930s and periodically voiced support for

9880-480: The expression "Kadaver" was not employed in current German usage to mean a human corpse, the word "Leichnam" being used instead. The only exception was corpses used for dissection—cadavers. On 25 April the weekly British humorous magazine Punch printed a cartoon entitled "Cannon-Fodder—and After," which showed the Kaiser and a German recruit. Pointing out of a window at a factory with smoking chimneys and

10010-547: The first United States Department of Defense aircraft to fly on such a blend and the first aircraft to operate from Edwards using a fuel derived from beef tallow. Tallow also has a use in printmaking, where it is combined with bitumen and applied to metal print plates to resist acid etching. The use of trace amounts of tallow as an additive to the substrate used in polymer banknotes came to light in November 2016. Notes issued in 24 countries including Canada, Australia, and

10140-641: The forces of Mahomet [the Prophet Mohammed] vainly hurled themselves against". Rothemere argued that it was unjust that the "noble" Hungarians should be under the rule of "cruder and more barbaric races", by which he meant the peoples of Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. In his leader, he advocated that Hungary retake all of the lands lost under the Treaty of Trianon, which caused immediate concern in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Romania, where it

10270-528: The gender politics of The Daily Mail , which ran his photo-essay and presumably of The Daily Mail' s readers who were expected to approve of the article. In a 1937 article, George Ward Price , the special correspondent of The Daily Mail , approvingly wrote: "The sense of national unity-the Volkgemeinschaft -to which the Führer constantly appeals in his speeches is not a rhetorical invention, but

10400-545: The government nonetheless hoped to exploit the story, and Charles Masterman , director of the War Propaganda Bureau at Wellington House , was asked to prepare a short pamphlet. This was never published, however. Masterman and his mentor, Prime Minister David Lloyd George , never took the story seriously. An undated anonymous pamphlet entitled A 'corpse-conversion' Factory: A Peep Behind the German Lines

10530-535: The government. Northcliffe declined. According to Piers Brendon : Light-hearted stunts enlivened Northcliffe, such as the 'Hat campaign' in the winter of 1920. This was a contest with a prize of £100 for a new design of hat – a subject in which Northcliffe took a particular interest. There were 40,000 entries and the winner was a cross between a top hat and a bowler christened the Daily Mail Sandringham Hat . The paper subsequently promoted

10660-478: The king's remarks. In fact, Rothermere's "Justice for Hungary" campaign, which he continued until February 1939, was a source of disquiet for the Foreign Office, which complained that British relations with Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania were constantly stained as the leaders of those nations continued to harbor the belief that Rothermere was in some way speaking for the British government. One of

10790-465: The leader to warn that Churchill's efforts to call upon the Dominions for help for the expected war were endangering the unity of the British empire. Britain was governed by a Liberal-Conservative coalition, and the opposition of the Daily Mail , which normally supported the Conservatives, caused many Tories to reconsider continuing the coalition government of Lloyd George. The Chanek crisis ended with

10920-412: The legalisation of private radio, something that would not happen until 1973. From 1923, Lord Rothermere and the Daily Mail formed an alliance with the other great press baron, Lord Beaverbrook . Their opponent was the Conservative Party politician and leader Stanley Baldwin . Rothermere in a leader conceded that Fascist methods were "not suited to a country like our own", but qualified his remark with

11050-534: The lost frontiers of the Ottoman Empire and only wanted the Allies to leave Asia Minor. The Daily Mail ran a huge banner headline on 21 September 1922 that stated "Get Out Of Chanak!" In a leader (editorial), the Daily Mail wrote that the views of Churchill, who very much favored going to war with Turkey, were "bordering on insanity". The same leader noted that Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King of Canada had rejected Churchill's request for troops, which led

11180-565: The major themes of The Daily Mail was the opposition to the Indian independence movement and much of Rothermere's opposition to Baldwin was based upon the belief that Baldwin was not sufficiently opposed to Indian independence. In 1930, Rothermere wrote a series of leaders under the title "If We Lose India!", claiming that granting India independence would be the end of Britain as a great power. In addition, Rothermere predicted that Indian independence would end worldwide white supremacy as inevitably,

11310-536: The name tallowate is used informally to refer to soaps made from tallow. Sodium tallowate , for example, is obtained by reacting tallow with sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (washing soda). It consists chiefly of a variable mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids , such as oleic and palmitic . Tallow is 100% fat , mainly of monounsaturated fats (52%) and saturated fats (42%), and contains no water, protein or carbohydrates (table). The fatty acid content of tallow is: Tallow

11440-403: The new Nazi regime's accomplishments, and was subsequently used as propaganda by them. In it, Rothermere predicted that "The minor misdeeds of individual Nazis would be submerged by the immense benefits the new regime is already bestowing upon Germany". Journalist John Simpson , in a book on journalism, suggested that Rothermere was referring to the violence against Jews and Communists rather than

11570-509: The newspaper supported the Italian occupation of Corfu and condemned the British government for at least rhetorically opposing the Italian attack on Greece. On 25 October 1924, the Daily Mail published the Zinoviev letter , which indicated Moscow was directing British Communists toward violent revolution. It was later proven to be a hoax. At the time many on the left blamed the letter for

11700-402: The original German article was translated in the following words: We pass through Evergnicourt. There is a dull smell in the air, as if lime were being burnt. We are passing the great Corpse Utilization Establishment (Kadaververwertungsanstalt) of this Army Group. The fat that is won here is turned into lubricating oils, and everything else is ground down in the bones mill into a powder, which

11830-465: The original co-founders, is the chairman and controlling shareholder of the Daily Mail and General Trust, while day-to-day editorial decisions for the newspaper are usually made by a team led by the editor. Ted Verity succeeded Geordie Greig as editor on 17 November 2021. A survey in 2014 found the average age of its readers was 58, and it had the lowest demographic for 15- to 44-year-olds among

11960-410: The paper if it continued to back an anti-Semitic party. The paper editorially continued to oppose the arrival of Jewish refugees escaping Germany, describing their arrival as "a problem to which the Daily Mail has repeatedly pointed." In December 1934, Rothermere visited Berlin as the guest of Joachim von Ribbentrop. During his visit, Rothermere was publicly thanked in a speech by Josef Goebbels for

12090-577: The paper slackened and there were periods when he was not involved. His physical and mental health declined rapidly in 1921, and he died in August 1922 at age 57. His brother Lord Rothermere took full control of the paper. In the Chanak Crisis of 1922, Britain almost went to war with Turkey. The Prime Minister David Lloyd George , supported by the War Secretary Winston Churchill , were determined to go to war over

12220-400: The past, it has been both favored and shunned in dog food . Tallow can be used for the production of biodiesel in much the same way as oils from plants are currently used. The United States Air Force has experimented successfully with the use of beef tallow in aviation biofuels . During five days of flight testing from August 23 to 27, 2010, at Edwards Air Force Base , California ,

12350-704: The peoples of India as ignorant, barbarous, filthy and fanatical, arguing that the Raj was necessary to save India from the Indians, whom The Daily Mail argued were not capable of handling independence. Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler , and directed the Mail's editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s. Lord Rothermere took an extreme anti-Communist line, which led him to own an estate in Hungary to which he might escape to in case Britain

12480-691: The peoples of the other British colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas would also demand independence. The decision of the Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald to open the Round Table Conferences in 1930 was greeted by The Daily Mail as the beginning of the end of Britain as a great power. As part of its crusade against Indian independence, The Daily Mail published a series of articles portraying

12610-434: The public: “the process was bottom-up more than top-down,” and that in most of the false atrocity stories “the public were misleading the press”, rather than a sinister press propaganda machine deceiving an innocent public. Joachim Neander says that the process was more like a "feedback loop" in which plausible stories were picked up and used by propagandists such as Charteris: "Charteris and his office most probably did not have

12740-531: The rumour that the Germans utilise even their corpses by converting them into glycerine with the by-product of soap.” Such stories also appeared in the American press in 1915 and 1916. The French press also took it up in Le Gaulois , in February, 1916. In 1916 a book of cartoons by Louis Raemaekers was published. One depicted bodies of German soldiers being loaded onto a cart in neatly packaged batches. This

12870-652: The rumour, depicting a German munitions worker looking at a can of glycerine and saying "Alas! My poor Brother!" (parodying a well-known advertisement for Bovril ). By 1917 the British and their allies were hoping to bring China into the war against Germany. On 26 February 1917 the English-language North-China Daily News published a story that the Chinese President Feng Guozhang had been horrified by Admiral Paul von Hintze 's attempts to impress him when

13000-473: The sign " Kadaververwertungs[anstalt] ," the Kaiser tells the young man: "And don't forget that your Kaiser will find a use for you—alive or dead." On 30 April the story was raised in the House of Commons, and the government declined to endorse it. Lord Robert Cecil declared that he had no information beyond newspaper reports. He added that, "in view of other actions by German military authorities, there

13130-608: The social order. In 1923, Rothermere published a leader in The Daily Mail entitled "What Europe Owes Mussolini", where he wrote about his "profound admiration" for Mussolini, whom he praised for "in saving Italy he stopped the inroads of Bolshevism which would have left Europe in ruins...in my judgment he saved the entire Western world. It was because Mussolini overthrew Bolshevism in Italy that it collapsed in Hungary and ceased to gain adherents in Bavaria and Prussia". In 1923,

13260-586: The statement, "if our northern cities became Bolshevik we would need them". In an article in 1927 celebrating five years of Fascism in Italy, it was argued that there were parallels between modern Britain and Italy in the last years of the Liberal era as it was argued Italy had a series of weak liberal and conservative governments that made concessions to the Italian Socialist Party such as granting universal male suffrage in 1912 whose "only result

13390-683: The story from Belgian and Dutch sources and later from Romania . The New York Times reported on 20 April that the article was being credited by all the French newspapers with the exception of the Paris-Midi , which preferred to believe that the corpses in question were those of animals rather than humans. The New York Times itself did not credit the story, pointing out that it appeared in early April and that German newspapers traditionally indulged in April Fools' Day pranks, and also that

13520-510: The story originated from rumours that had been circulating for years, and that it was not "invented" by any individual: "The corpse-rendering factory was not the invention of a diabolical propagandist; it was a popular folktale, an ' urban myth ', which had been circulated for months before it received any official notice." Rumours that the Germans used the bodies of their soldiers to create fat appear to have been circulating by 1915. Cynthia Asquith noted in her diary on 16 June 1915: “We discussed

13650-594: The story that the Germans had set up a factory for the conversion of dead bodies first appeared on 10 April 1917, in the Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger , and in the Belgian newspapers l'Independance Belge and La Belgique . Sir Austen Chamberlain finally established that the British government accepted that the story was untrue, when in a reply in Parliament on 2 December 1925 he said that

13780-458: The story, the Kadaververwertungsanstalt was a special installation supposedly operated by the Germans in which, because fats were so scarce in Germany due to the Allied blockade of Germany , German battlefield corpses were rendered down for fat, which was then used to manufacture nitroglycerine , candles, lubricants, and even boot dubbin . It was supposedly operated behind the front lines by

13910-480: The war. According to the Times , the brigadier told his audience that he had invented the cadaver-factory story as a way of turning the Chinese against the Germans, and he had transposed the captions of two photographs that came into his possession, one showing dead soldiers being removed by train for funerals, the second showing a train car bearing horses to be processed for fertiliser. A subordinate had suggested forging

14040-582: The wearing of it but without much success. In 1919, Alcock and Brown made the first flight across the Atlantic, winning a prize of £10,000 from the Daily Mail . In 1930 the Mail made a great story of another aviation stunt, awarding another prize of £10,000 to Amy Johnson for making the first solo flight from England to Australia. The Daily Mail had begun the Ideal Home Exhibition in 1908. At first, Northcliffe had disdained this as

14170-595: The western Legations in Beijing, where the westerners in Beijing together with the thousands of Chinese Christians had been under siege by the Boxers. Before the outbreak of the First World War , the paper was accused of warmongering when it reported that Germany was planning to crush the British Empire . When war began, Northcliffe's call for conscription was seen by some as controversial, although he

14300-514: The women who burn churches". Touchy took a series of photographs of Spanish women who joined the Worker's Militia marching up to the front with rifles and ammunition pouches over their shoulders. In an essay that has been widely criticised as misogynistic, Touchy wrote: "The Spanish women has been a creature to admire or make work domestically, to marry or let slip away into a religious order...65 percent were illiterate". Touchy declared his horror at

14430-406: The young Spanish women had rejected the traditional patriarchal system, writing with disgust that the "direct action girls" of the Worker's Militia do not want to be like their mothers, submissive and obedient to men. Touchy called these young women "Red Carmens", associating them with the destructive heroine of the opera Carmen and with Communism, writing the "Red Carmens" proved the amorality of

14560-595: The ‘corpse factory’ atrocity tale of the First World War is too striking to be overlooked.” German scholar Joachim Neander notes that "There can be no doubt that the reported commercial use of the corpses of the murdered Jews undermined the credibility of the news coming from Poland and delayed action that might have rescued many Jewish lives." Modern scholarship supports the view that the story arose from rumours circulating among troops and civilians in Belgium, and

14690-463: Was absorbed by its sister title, and English became editor of the Mail , a post in which he remained for more than 20 years. English transformed it from a struggling newspaper selling half as many copies as its mid-market rival, the Daily Express , to a formidable publication, whose circulation rose to surpass that of the Express by the mid-1980s. English was knighted in 1982. The paper enjoyed

14820-449: Was accompanied with a comment written by Horace Vachell : “I am told by an eminent chemist that six pounds of glycerine can be extracted from the corpse of a fairly well nourished Hun... These unfortunates, when alive, were driven ruthlessly to inevitable slaughter. They are sent as ruthlessly to the blast furnaces. One million dead men are resolved into six million pounds of glycerine." A later cartoon by Bruce Bairnsfather also referred to

14950-572: Was believed that his leader reflected British government policy. Additionally, he took up the cause of the Sudeten Germans, stating that the Sudetenland should go to Germany. The Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Edvard Beneš was so concerned that he visited London to meet King George V, a man who detested Rothermere and used language that was so crude, vulgar and "unkingy" that Beneš had to report to Prague that he could not possibly repeat

15080-511: Was conquered by the Soviet Union. Shortly after the Nazis scored their breakthrough in the Reichstag elections on 14 September 1930 , winning 107 seats, Rothermere went to Munich to interview Hitler. In an article published in Daily Mail on 24 September 1930, Rothemere wrote: "These young Germans have discovered, as I am glad to note that the young men and women of England are discovering, that

15210-462: Was first published on 4 May 1896. It was an immediate success. It cost a halfpenny at a time when other London dailies cost one penny, and was more populist in tone and more concise in its coverage than its rivals. The planned issue was 100,000 copies, but the print run on the first day was 397,215, and additional printing facilities had to be acquired to sustain a circulation that rose to 500,000 in 1899. Lord Salisbury , 19th-century Prime Minister of

15340-579: Was in no way under G.H.Q. France, where I had charge of the Intelligence Services. I should be as interested as the general public to know what was the true origin of the Kadaver story. G.H.Q. France only came in when a fictitious diary supporting the Kadaver story was submitted. When this diary was discovered to be fictitious, it was at once rejected. The question was once again raised in Parliament, and Sir Laming Worthington-Evans said that

15470-469: Was named as executive producer. The program was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Entertainment News Program in 2018. In May 2020, the Daily Mail ended The Sun's 42-year reign as the United Kingdom's highest-circulation newspaper. The Daily Mail recorded average daily sales of 980,000 copies, with the Mail on Sunday recording weekly sales of 878,000. In August 2022,

15600-404: Was not an invention of the British propaganda machine. It moved from rumour to apparent "fact" after the report in the Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger appeared about a real cadaver-processing factory. The ambiguous wording of the report allowed Belgian and British newspapers to interpret it as proof of the rumours that human corpses were used. Phillip Knightley says that Charteris may have concocted

15730-474: Was not reporting the issues of the day objectively. The Mail also set out to entertain its readers with human interest stories, serials, features and competitions. It was the first newspaper to recognise the potential market of the female reader with a women's interest section and hired one of the first female war correspondents Sarah Wilson who reported during the Second Boer War. In 1900,

15860-405: Was outraged by Baldwin's centre-right style of Conservatism and his decision to respond to almost universal suffrage by expanding the appeal of the Conservative Party. Far from seeing giving women the right to vote as the disaster Rothermere believed that it was, Baldwin set out to appeal to female voters, a tactic that was politically successful, but led Rothermere to accuse Baldwing of "feminising"

15990-647: Was published by Darling & Son, probably around this time in 1917. A month later, The Times revived the rumour by publishing a captured German Army order that made reference to a Kadaver factory. It was issued by the VsdOK , which The Times interpreted as Verordnungs-Stelle ("instructions department"). The Frankfurter Zeitung , however, insisted that it stood for Veterinar-Station (veterinary station). The Foreign Office agreed that order could only be referring to "the carcasses of horses." Paul Fussell has also suggested that this may have been

16120-464: Was relaunched in 1995; it is printed in Glasgow. It had an average circulation of 67,900 in the area of Scotland in December 2019. The Daily Mail officially entered the Irish market with the launch of a local version of the paper on 6 February 2006; free copies of the paper were distributed on that day in some locations to publicise the launch. Its masthead differed from that of UK versions by having

16250-649: Was repeated more prominently in editions of The Times and Daily Mail (both owned by Lord Northcliffe at the time), The Times running it under the title Germans and their Dead , in the context of a 500-plus word story which the editorial introduction stated came from the 10 April edition of the Belgian newspaper l'Indépendance Belge published in England, which in turn had received it from La Belgique , another Belgian newspaper published in Leiden , The Netherlands . The Belgian account stated specifically that

16380-516: Was switched from Edinburgh to the Deansgate plant in Manchester in 1968 and, for a while, The People was also printed on the Mail presses in Deansgate. In 1987, printing at Deansgate ended, and the northern editions were thereafter printed at other Associated Newspapers plants. For a time in the early 20th century, the paper championed vigorously against the " Yellow Peril ", warning of

16510-484: Was the chief guest at the banquet and toasted it with a speech. Newsprint rationing in the Second World War had forced the Daily Mail to cut its size to four pages, but the size gradually increased through the 1950s. In 1947, when the Raj ended, the Daily Mail featured a banner headline reading "India: 11 words mark the end of an empire". During the Suez crisis of 1956, the Daily Mail consistently took

16640-578: Was to hasten the arrival of disorder". In the same article, Baldwin was compared to the Italian prime ministers of the Liberal era as the article argued that the General Strike of 1926 should never have been allowed to occur and the Baldwin government was condemned "for the feebleness which it tries to placate opposition by being more Socialist than the Socialists". In 1928, the Daily Mail in

16770-440: Was true, but that Charteris wished to discredit it in order to foster harmonious relations with post-war Germany after the 1925 Treaty of Locarno . Rubinstein posited that such factories were “possible pilot-plants for the extermination centers the Nazis built during World War II.” Neander dismisses this suggestion as absurd. Tallow In industry, tallow is not strictly defined as beef or mutton suet. In this context, tallow

16900-456: Was vindicated when conscription was introduced in 1916. On 21 May 1915, Northcliffe criticised Lord Kitchener , the Secretary of State for War , regarding weapons and munitions. Kitchener was considered by some to be a national hero. The paper's circulation dropped from 1,386,000 to 238,000. Fifteen hundred members of the London Stock Exchange burned unsold copies and called for a boycott of

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