John James Stevenson FRSE FSA FRIBA (24 August 1831 – 5 May 1908), usually referred to as J. J. Stevenson , was a British architect of the late- Victorian era . Born in Glasgow , he worked in Glasgow, Edinburgh and London . He is particularly associated with the British Queen Anne revival style .
19-643: Gertrude Jekyll VMH ( / ˈ dʒ iː k əl / JEE -kəl ; 29 November 1843 – 8 December 1932) was a British horticulturist , garden designer , craftswoman, photographer, writer and artist. She created over 400 gardens in the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States, and wrote over 1000 articles for magazines such as Country Life and William Robinson 's The Garden . Jekyll has been described as "a premier influence in garden design" by British and American gardening enthusiasts. Jekyll
38-592: A merchant of Glasgow. His siblings included Flora Stevenson , James Cochran Stevenson and Louisa Stevenson ; James Croesus Stevenson was his cousin. His early education was at Glasgow High School . Stevenson trained as an architect with David Bryce in Edinburgh and Sir George Gilbert Scott in London . He then worked with Campbell Douglas in Glasgow, becoming a partner in 1860, they then jointly moved to
57-511: A painter and watercolourist. Her artistic ability had been evident when she was a child and she had trained as an artist. She was one of the first of her profession to take into account the colour, texture, and experience of gardens as aspects of her designs. Jekyll's theory of how to design with colour was influenced by painter J. M. W. Turner and by Impressionism , and by the theoretical colour wheel . Her focus on gardening began at South Kensington School of Art , where she became interested in
76-491: A property at 24 George Street in Edinburgh , sharing the space with the stained glass artist Daniel Cottier . From 1870 he worked in London . Here he built the "Red House" in Bayswater Hill as his own home. Author of the architecture text, House Architecture (1880), Stevenson also wrote on town planning and the preservation of historic buildings, criticising the "dull and uninteresting" architecture of his age and
95-844: The Royal Horticultural Society in 1897 and the Veitch Memorial Medal of the society in 1929. Also in 1929, she was given the George Robert White Medal of Honor of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society . Jekyll died on 8 December 1932 at her home, Munstead Wood, in Surrey. She was buried in the churchyard of St John the Baptist, Busbridge , Godalming, next to her brother, Herbert Jekyll, and his wife,
114-722: The United Kingdom whom the Royal Horticultural Society Council considers deserving of special honour by the Society. The award was established in 1897 "in perpetual remembrance of Her Majesty's glorious reign, and to enable the Council to confer honour on British horticulturists." The Society's rules state that only sixty-three horticulturists can hold the VMH at any given time, in commemoration of
133-629: The "infatuation for making streets straight". He also designed the interiors of several ocean liners. In 1868 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , his proposer being Alexander Keith Johnston . Stevenson's work in Scotland was mainly ecclesiastical, including the design of churches in Gilmerton , Crieff , Perth , Stirling , and Glasgow . His work in England
152-670: The British Pavilion for the Paris Exposition .) Jekyll is remembered for her outstanding designs and subtle, painterly approach to the arrangement of the gardens she created, particularly her "hardy flower borders". Her work is known for its radiant colour and the brush-like strokes of her plantings; it is suggested by some that the Impressionistic-style schemes may have been due to Jekyll's deteriorating eyesight, which largely put an end to her career as
171-480: The Flower Garden (reprinted 1988) she put her imprint on modern uses of "warm" and "cool" flower colours in gardens. Her concern that plants should be displayed to best effect even when cut for the house, led her to design her own range of glass flower vases. Later in life, Jekyll collected and contributed a vast array of plants solely for the purpose of preservation to numerous institutions across Britain. At
190-612: The artist, writer and philanthropist Dame Agnes Jekyll . The Jekyll family memorial was designed by Edwin Lutyens . In 1907, Jekyll donated her collection of traditional household items and objects relating to "Old Surrey" to the Surrey Archaeological Society . Much of this donation is still on display at Guildford Museum . In 1911, the Corporation of Guildford built an extension to the museum to house
209-477: The collection. Some artefacts associated with her life and work are also housed there. On 29 November 2017, a Google Doodle was released honouring Jekyll on what would have been her 174th birthday. In 2023, the National Trust bought her home Munstead Wood through a private sale. Victoria Medal of Honour The Victoria Medal of Honour ( VMH ) is awarded to British horticulturists resident in
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#1732791188805228-572: The creative art of planting, and more specifically, gardening. In 1904, Jekyll returned to her childhood home in the village of Bramley to design a garden for Millmead House in Snowdenham Lane. Not wanting to limit her influence to teaching the practice of gardening, Jekyll incorporated in her work the theory of gardening and an understanding of the plants themselves. Her writing was influenced by her friend Theresa Earle who had published her "Pot-pourri" books. In works like Colour Schemes for
247-400: The gardens for Munstead House, built for her mother by John James Stevenson , Jekyll provided designs or planned planting for some four hundred gardens. More than half were directly commissioned, but many were created in collaboration with architects such as Lutyens and Robert Lorimer . Most of her gardens are lost. A small number have been restored, including her own garden at Munstead Wood ,
266-659: The gardens of Hestercombe House and The Croft in Brook, Surrey , and those of Woolverstone House and the Manor House in Upton Grey that she designed for the magazine editor Charles Holme . Miss Jekyll designed the plans at Durmast House and Gardens and has recently been restored, including a Summer House designed by her long standing friend, Sir Edward Lutyens. Jekyll was awarded the Victoria Medal of Honour of
285-475: The sixty-three years of Queen Victoria 's reign. Therefore, the honour is not awarded every year, but may be made to multiple recipients in other years. The first 60 medals were awarded on 26 October 1897: John James Stevenson Stevenson was born in Glasgow on 24 August 1831, the sixth of ten children of Jane Stewart Shannan (daughter of Alexander Shannan, a Greenock merchant) and James Stevenson ,
304-689: The time of her death, she had designed over 400 gardens in Britain, Europe and a few in North America. Jekyll was also known for her prolific writing. She wrote fourteen books, ranging from Wood and Garden and her most famous book, Colour in the Flower Garden, to memoirs of her youth. She was also interested in traditional cottage furnishings and rural crafts, and concerned that they were disappearing. Her book Old West Surrey (1904) records many aspects of 19th-century country life, with over 300 photographs taken by Jekyll. From 1881, when she laid out
323-603: Was a friend of Robert Louis Stevenson , who borrowed the family name for his 1886 novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde . Jekyll was one half of one of the most influential and historical partnerships of the Arts and Crafts movement , thanks to her association with the English architect Edwin Lutyens , for whose projects she created numerous landscapes and who designed her home Munstead Wood , near Godalming in Surrey. (In 1900, Lutyens and Jekyll's brother Herbert designed
342-650: Was born at 2 Grafton Street, Mayfair , London, the fifth of the seven children of Captain Edward Joseph Hill Jekyll, Esquire , an officer in the Grenadier Guards , and his wife Julia, née Hammersley . In 1848 her family left London and moved to Bramley House in Surrey . She never married and had no children. Her younger brother, Walter Jekyll (an Anglican priest; sometime Minor Canon of Worcester Cathedral and Chaplain of Malta ),
361-481: Was mainly domestic and educational buildings in London , Oxford and Cambridge . His buildings include: In 1861, he married Jane Omond (1839–1932), daughter of Mary Eliza Traill and Robert Omond . His brother-in-law was Robert Traill Omond . He died at his home, 4 Porchester Gardens in London on 5 May 1908 and his body was returned to Edinburgh for burial in Dean Cemetery . The grave lies against
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