Allan Fletcher Gibbard (born 1942) is the Richard B. Brandt Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor . Gibbard has made major contributions to contemporary ethical theory, in particular metaethics , where he has developed a contemporary version of non-cognitivism . He has also published articles in the philosophy of language , metaphysics , and social choice theory : in social choice, he first proved the result known today as Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem , which had been previously conjectured by Michael Dummett and Robin Farquharson .
17-747: Gibbard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Allan Gibbard (born 1942), Professor of Philosophy, University of Michigan Ben Gibbard (born 1976), American musician John Gibbard , furniture manufacturer Les Gibbard (1945–2010), political cartoonist, journalist, illustrator Phil Gibbard (born 1949), Professor of Quaternary Palaeoenvironments, University of Cambridge Lilian Gibbard (1877–1977), New Zealand artist Philip Gibbard (1976-present), A project manager that has worked with many companies See also [ edit ] Gibbard's theorem Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
34-518: A system of norms that permits it. More narrowly, morality is about norms relating to the aptness of moral feelings (such as guilt and resentment). Gibbard's second book, Thinking How to Live (2003), offers an argument for reconfiguring the distinctions between normative and descriptive discourse , with implications as to the "long-standing debate" [1] over "objectivity" in ethics and "factuality" in ethics . Gibbard's third book, Reconciling Our Aims: In Search of Bases for Ethics (2008), from
51-903: Is also a Fellow of the Econometric Society , and has received Fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities . He served as President of the Central Division of the American Philosophical Association from 2001 to 2002. He gave the Tanner Lectures at the University of California, Berkeley , in 2006. Soon after his doctoral degree, Gibbard provided a first proof of a conjecture that strategic voting
68-606: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Allan Gibbard Allan Fletcher Gibbard was born on April 7, 1942, in Providence, Rhode Island . He received his BA in mathematics from Swarthmore College in 1963 with minors in physics and philosophy . After teaching mathematics and physics in Ghana with the Peace Corps (1963–1965), Gibbard studied philosophy at Harvard University , participating in
85-401: Is itself generalized by Gibbard's 1978 theorem and Hylland's theorem , which extend these results to non-deterministic processes, i.e. where the outcome may not only depend on the agents' actions but may also involve an element of chance. The Gibbard's theorem assumes the collective decision results in exactly one winner and does not apply to multi-winner voting . In social choice theory ,
102-757: The Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is a result published independently by Gibbard in 1973 and economist Mark Satterthwaite in 1975. It deals with deterministic ordinal electoral systems that choose a single winner. It states that for every voting rule, one of the following three things must hold: While the scope of this theorem is limited to ordinal voting, Gibbard's theorem is more general, in that it deals with processes of collective decision that may not be ordinal: for example, voting systems where voters assign grades to candidates. Gibbard's 1978 theorem and Hylland's theorem are even more general and extend these results to non-deterministic processes, i.e. where
119-536: The Tanner Lectures , argues in favour of a broadly utilitarian approach to ethics . Gibbard's fourth and most recent book is titled Meaning and Normativity (2012). A recent review, including extensive citing of Gibbard's work above, is in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2015). Brian Skyrms Brian Skyrms (born 1938) is an American philosopher, Distinguished Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science and Economics at
136-434: The University of California, Irvine , and a professor of philosophy at Stanford University . He has worked on problems in the philosophy of science, causation, decision theory , game theory , and the foundations of probability . Skyrms graduated from Lehigh University in 1960 and earned his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh in 1964. He taught at several different universities, before teaching at
153-588: The University of Illinois, Chicago from 1968 until 1980, when he moved to the University of California, Irvine . Skyrms is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and one of two living philosophers (along with Allan Gibbard ) to be elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences . Most recently, his work has focused on the evolution of social norms using evolutionary game theory . His two recent books Evolution of
170-411: The surname Gibbard . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibbard&oldid=1158372191 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
187-471: The " Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem " and described its relationship to Arrow's impossibility theorem . In the fields of mechanism design and social choice theory , "Gibbard's theorem" is a result proven by Gibbard in 1973. It states that for any deterministic process of collective decision, at least one of the following three properties must hold: A corollary of this theorem is Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem about voting rules. The main difference between
SECTION 10
#1732773225490204-465: The Social Contract and The Stag Hunt are both on this topic. These books use arguments and examples from evolutionary game theory to cover topics of interest to political philosophy , philosophy of social science , philosophy of language , and the philosophy of biology . Skymrs has shown that in the 'cake partition' game, the only evolutionarily stable strategy is demanding 50% of
221-508: The outcome may not only depend on the voters' actions but may also involve a part of chance. Gibbard is best known in philosophy for his contributions to ethical theory . He is the author of three books in this area. Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory of Normative Judgment (1990) develops a general theory of moral judgment and judgments of rationality . Gibbard argues that when we endorse someone's action , belief , or feeling as " rational " or warranted we are expressing acceptance of
238-552: The remainder of his career until his retirement in 2016. Gibbard chaired the University of Michigan's philosophy department (1987–1988) and has held the title of Richard B. Brandt Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy since 1994. Gibbard was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1990 and was elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences in 2009, one of only two living philosophers to be so honored (the other being Brian Skyrms ),. He
255-412: The seminar on social and political philosophy with John Rawls , Kenneth J. Arrow , Amartya K. Sen , and Robert Nozick . In 1971 Gibbard earned his PhD , writing a dissertation under the direction of John Rawls . He served as professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago (1969–1974), and the University of Pittsburgh (1974–1977), before joining the University of Michigan where he spent
272-465: The two is that Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is limited to ranked (ordinal) voting rules : a voter's action consists in giving a preference ranking over the available options. Gibbard's theorem is more general and considers processes of collective decision that may not be ordinal: for example, voting systems where voters assign grades to candidates ( cardinal voting ). Gibbard's theorem can be proven using Arrow's impossibility theorem . Gibbard's theorem
289-503: Was an intrinsic feature of non-dictatorial voting systems with at least three choices, a conjecture of Michael Dummett and Robin Farquharson . This work would eventually become known as " Gibbard's theorem ", published in 1973. Mark Satterthwaite later worked on a similar theorem which he published in 1975. Satterthwaite and Jean Marie Brin published a paper in 1978 describing Gibbard's and Satterthwaite's mathematical proofs as
#489510