118-649: Deputy Prime Minister of Australia Prime Minister of Australia Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961) is an Australian former politician who served as the 27th prime minister of Australia and the leader of the Labor Party (ALP) from 2010 to 2013. She was the member of parliament (MP) for the Victorian division of Lalor from 1998 to 2013. She previously served as the 13th deputy prime minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010, under Kevin Rudd . She
236-697: A Bachelor of Arts in 1989. During this time, she was president of the Australian Union of Students from 1983 to 1984. In 1987, Gillard joined the law firm Slater & Gordon , eventually becoming a partner in 1990, specialising in industrial law. In 1996, she became chief of staff to John Brumby , the Leader of the Opposition in Victoria . Gillard was first elected to the House of Representatives at
354-713: A bilateral agreement which would result in 800 asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by boat being taken to Malaysia instead. Australia would take 4,000 people from Malaysia who have previously been assessed as being refugees. However, on 31 August, the High Court ruled that the agreement to transfer refugees from Australia to Malaysia was invalid, and ordered that it not proceed. Australia would still accept 4,000 people who have been assessed as refugees in Malaysia. The asylum seeker debate returned during August 2012 following
472-416: A challenge. Accounts have continued to differ as to the extent of Gillard's foreknowledge and planning of the replacement of Rudd. Rudd initially said that he would challenge Gillard, but it soon became apparent that he did not have enough support within the party to survive in his position. Hours before the vote on 24 June, he resigned as prime minister and Leader of the Labor Party, leaving Gillard to assume
590-654: A detention centre for single men would be built at the old army barracks at Pontville , 45 minutes north of Hobart , Tasmania. This immigration detention centre would house up to 400 refugees. Also in April 2011, immigration detainees at the Villawood detention centre rioted in protest of their treatment, setting fire to several buildings. In May 2011, Gillard announced that Australia and Malaysia were finalising an arrangement to exchange asylum seekers. Gillard and Immigration Minister Chris Bowen said they were close to signing
708-649: A flat in Canberra and her home in Altona , a western suburb of Melbourne. Gillard moved into The Lodge on 26 September 2010. As well as being the first female prime minister, and the first never to have married, Gillard is the first prime minister since Billy Hughes to have been born overseas. The leadership question remained a feature of the Gillard government 's terms in office, and amidst ongoing leadership speculation following an ABC TV Four Corners examination of
826-499: A highly regarded debater, with her performances during parliamentary question time prompting Peter van Onselen to call her "the best parliamentary performer on the Labor side". In her role as Minister for Education, Gillard travelled to Washington, D.C., in 2009, where she signed a deal with US Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to encourage improved policy collaboration in education reform between both countries. The establishment of
944-414: A host university to teach, lecture, or perform research on a topic for which the visitor is valued. In many cases the position is not salaried because visitor is salaried by their home institution (or partially salaried, as in some cases of sabbatical leave from US universities). Some visiting positions are salaried. Typically, a visiting scholar may stay for a couple of months or even a year, though
1062-685: A lengthy political rivalry, resulting in Gillard losing the leadership of the party back to him in a June 2013 leadership spill . Her resignation as prime minister took effect the next day, and she announced her retirement from politics. In the years following her retirement, Gillard has been a visiting professor at the University of Adelaide , the Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution 's Center for Universal Education,
1180-600: A lot of those problems." On 17 July 2010, 23 days after becoming prime minister and after receiving the agreement of the Governor-General Quentin Bryce, Gillard announced the next federal election would be held on 21 August 2010. Gillard began campaigning with a speech using the slogan "moving forward". In the early stages of the campaign, a series of leaks were released by purported Labor Party sources, indicating apparent divisions within Cabinet over
1298-504: A minority government. Governor-General Bryce swore in the Second Gillard Ministry on 14 September 2010. Gillard came to office in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008 . Government receipts fell during the international downturn and the Rudd government had employed pump priming expenditure. Upon taking over as leader of the Labor Party on 24 June 2010, Gillard said she could "assure" Australians that
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#17327657007231416-448: A motivating factor in his replacement. At the 2007 election, Rudd stated: You'd turn them back. ... You cannot have anything that is orderly if you allow people who do not have a lawful visa in this country to roam free. That's why you need a detention system. I know that's politically contentious, but one follows from the other. Deterrence is effective through the detention system but also your preparedness to take appropriate action as
1534-625: A new suite of scholarships was developed; the Student Start-Up Scholarship and the Relocation Scholarship. These scholarships were developed as part of the Rudd government's response to the Bradley Review of Higher Education , and its recommendation to tighten eligibility for Youth Allowance by reforming the 'work test' coupled with a loosening of the parental income test. The government abolished
1652-406: A priority in her second term, with a $ 277 million suicide-prevention package which would target high-risk groups. As the election delivered a hung parliament, a $ 1.8 billion package was given to rural hospitals, which was agreed to by the independents to support her re-election. In October 2010, her government introduced legislation to reform funding arrangements for the health system, with
1770-577: A raft of new coal-mining projects worth about $ 11 billion. The government also had plans to support growth of the renewable energy industry. The Rudd government attempted to increase Australia's international influence. Prime Minister Rudd announced in March 2008 that Australia would seek a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for 2013–14, which the country had last held in 1985–86. In November 2009,
1888-671: A result of an internal review, the SPBC was responsible for the government's handling of the 2007–08 global financial crisis . On 11 December 2007, Gillard was acting prime minister while Rudd attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali , becoming the first woman ever to hold that position. She assumed these duties for a total of 69 days throughout Rudd's tenure, during his various overseas travel engagements. Gillard quickly became known as
2006-557: A ship containing 89 asylum seekers crashed on the shore of Christmas Island , killing up to fifty people. Refugee and migrant advocates condemned the government's hardline policy as responsible for the tragedy, and Labor Party president Anna Bligh called for a complete review of the party's asylum seeker policy. Gillard returned early from holidays in response to the crash, and to review asylum seeker policy. Some months later Gillard would announce "The Malaysia Solution" in response. In April 2011, Australia's federal government confirmed that
2124-571: A simpler awards system as a safety net, the restoration of unfair dismissal laws for companies with under 100 employees (with a probation period of 12 months for companies with less than 15 employees), and the retention of the Australian Building and Construction Commission until 2010. It retained the illegality of solidarity action , the right of employers to lock workers out, restriction of union right of entry to workplaces, and restrictions on workers' right to strike. Rudd also outlined
2242-529: A system of "temporary protection visas" for unauthorized arrivals, and a policy of turning back boats where possible. The Rudd government dismantled all three components, dubbing them "ineffectual and wasteful". The government adjusted the mandatory detention policies established by the Keating and Howard governments and on 8 February declared an end to the Pacific Solution. The policy had involved
2360-581: A ten-year jail sentence for paying bribes. The Rudd government's 2009 Defence white paper identified the rise of China as a potential threat to Asia Pacific security, and during the WikiLeaks affair, confidential diplomatic cables were released which purported to show that Rudd had warned the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton that the Communist Party was "paranoid" about Taiwan and that
2478-548: Is important: "I don't support the idea of a big Australia ". Gillard also altered the nomenclature of Tony Burke 's role as "Minister for Population" to that of "Minister for Sustainable Population". The Government released a "sustainable population strategy" in May 2011 which did not specify a target population. In October 2011 trade minister Craig Emerson released a paper with Gillard's approval which advocated for continued rapid rates of population growth. After winning leadership of
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#17327657007232596-588: Is the first and only woman to hold either office in Australian history . Born in Barry , Wales, Gillard migrated with her family to Adelaide in South Australia in 1966. She attended Mitcham Demonstration School and Unley High School . Gillard went on to study at the University of Adelaide , but switched to the University of Melbourne in 1982, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1986 and
2714-568: The Age newspaper reported that $ 11 million had been spent campaigning for the seat, and had added twenty-seven votes for Australia; the majority of the votes came from small island nations in the south Pacific and six African nations. The Rudd government lobbied for the G20 Forum to replace the G7 as the premier forum for global governance and economic management and secured a seat for Australia at
2832-654: The MV Oceanic Viking was involved in an emergency operation rescuing 78 Sri Lankan asylum seekers in international waters within the Indonesian sea rescue zone. Those rescued were due to be landed in Indonesia, for transfer to an Australia-funded immigration detention centre on the Indonesian island of Bintan. However, the asylum seekers refused to disembark until 18 November, following assurances of fast-tracked processing of their cases for resettlement. In
2950-525: The 1993 federal election , but was defeated by Lindsay Tanner . At the 1996 federal election , Gillard won the third position on Labor's Senate ticket in Victoria, behind Robert Ray and Barney Cooney . However, on the final distribution of preferences she was defeated by Lyn Allison of the Australian Democrats . In 1996, Gillard resigned from her position with Slater & Gordon to serve as chief of staff to John Brumby , at that time
3068-578: The 1998 election for the seat of Lalor . Following the 2001 election , she was appointed to the shadow cabinet . In December 2006, Gillard became the running mate of Kevin Rudd in a successful leadership challenge to Kim Beazley , becoming deputy leader of the opposition. After Labor's victory at the 2007 election , she was appointed as deputy prime minister, and was also given the roles of Minister for Education , Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations , and Minister for Social Inclusion . On 24 June 2010 , after Rudd lost internal support within
3186-429: The 2012 Labor leadership spill in which Rudd challenged Gillard to regain the Labor leadership, telling the media that the Rudd government had entered a "period of paralysis" and that Rudd's work patterns were "difficult and chaotic". Upon her election by the Labor Party, Gillard said that she wouldn't move into The Lodge until she was elected prime minister in her own right, instead choosing to divide her time between
3304-539: The Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA), an independent authority responsible for the development of a national curriculum, was amongst her first policy pursuits in 2008. She launched the government's " Digital Education Revolution " (DER) program, which provided laptops to all public secondary school students and developed quality digital tools, resources and infrastructure for all schools. In conjunction with DER, Gillard oversaw
3422-496: The Australian Union of Students . In 1983, she became the second woman to lead the Australian Union of Students, serving until the organisation's discontinuation in 1984. She was also the secretary of the left-wing organisation Socialist Forum. Having transferred her studies to the University of Melbourne , Gillard graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1986 and a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1989. In 1987, she joined
3540-452: The Dogs than there is of any change in the Labor Party". Consequently, Gillard's move against Rudd on 23 June appeared to surprise many Labor backbenchers. Daryl Melham , when asked by a reporter on the night of the challenge if indeed a challenge was on, replied: "Complete garbage. ABC have lost all credibility." As he was being deposed, Rudd suggested that his opponents wanted to move Labor to
3658-651: The Fair Work Act . This established a single industrial relations bureaucracy called Fair Work Australia . Prime Minister Kevin Rudd suffered a decline in his personal ratings, and a perceived loss of support among his own MPs, following the failure of the Government's insulation program , controversy regarding the implementation of a tax on mining , the failure of the government to secure passage of its carbon trading scheme and some policy debate about immigration policy. Significant disaffection had arisen within
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3776-682: The G20 Forum was, the press reported that Rudd received a frosty welcome from Bush at the White House dinner that opened G20 summit in Washington in November 2008. Bush's successor, Barack Obama , had a warmer relationship with Rudd, telling the Australian media in April 2010 that Rudd was "smart but humble" and the political leader he was closest to on the world stage. Chris Evans served as Minister for Immigration and Citizenship in
3894-503: The Leader of the Opposition in Victoria . She was responsible for drafting the affirmative-action rules within the Labor Party in Victoria that set the target of pre-selecting women for 35 per cent of "winnable seats". She also played a role in the foundation of EMILY's List , the pro-choice fund-raising and support network for Labor women. Gillard has cited Welsh Labour politician Aneurin Bevan as one of her political heroes. Gillard
4012-806: The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), the Gonski funding , oversaw the early rollout of the National Broadband Network (NBN), and controversially implemented a carbon pricing scheme , which was widely perceived as a breach of a pre-election commitment. Her premiership was often undermined by party instability and numerous scandals, including the AWU affair and the Health Services Union expenses affair . Gillard and Rudd became embroiled in
4130-622: The University of Adelaide , during which she was president of the Adelaide University Union from 1981 to 1982. In her second year at the university, Gillard was introduced to politics by the daughter of a state Labor minister. Accordingly, she joined the Labor Club and became involved in a campaign to fight federal education budget cuts. Gillard cut short her courses in Adelaide in 1982, and moved to Melbourne to work with
4248-716: The joint committees , she was a member of the Public Accounts and Audit from 8 December 1998 to 11 February 2002, in addition to the Native Title and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Fund from 20 March 2003 to 11 August 2003. After Labor's defeat at the 2001 federal election , Gillard was elected to the Shadow Cabinet under then-Labor Leader Simon Crean , where she was given responsibility for Population and Immigration. In February 2003, she
4366-481: The middle-to-upper tier of Australian prime ministers. Gillard was born on 29 September 1961 in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan , Wales. She is the second of two daughters born to John Oliver Gillard (1929–2012) and the former Moira Mackenzie (born 1928); her older sister Alison was born in 1958. Gillard's father was born in Cwmgwrach , but was of predominantly English descent; he worked as a psychiatric nurse. Her mother
4484-554: The replacement for the Navy's Collins- class submarines . The Rudd government altered the number of Australian troops deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq. The 550 combat troops deployed on an overwatch mission in central-southern Iraq were withdrawn in mid-June 2008, fulfilling an election promise. This reduced the Australian Defence Force presence in the region to 800–900 support personnel, including 440 either on
4602-570: The " Building the Education Revolution " (BER) program, which allocated $ 16 billion to build new school accommodation including classrooms, libraries and assembly halls. Gillard also ensured the implementation of the National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) in 2008, whereby a series of standardised tests focused on basic skills are administered annually to Australian students. This
4720-577: The 1.5% target set by the government in January. Labor supported improving the federal–state funding process through a reform of the Council of Australian Governments . Three nation-building investment funds were established – the infrastructure fund, "Building Australia", was designated $ 20 billion of federal funding. Education received $ 10 billion as part of Rudd's "education revolution", while health also received $ 10 billion. In
4838-516: The 2007–08 financial year. At the same time, the RBA cut official interest rates by a percentage point, lowering them to 3.25%, the lowest since 1964 (a 43-year low). The package was welcomed by state governments and many economists, as well as the OECD . The Malcolm Turnbull -led coalition opposed the package, stating that they believed additional tax cuts to those which had been planned the next few years
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4956-621: The 2008–09 budget, the Rudd government cut $ 63.4 million over four years from the CSIRO , forcing the closure of two laboratories and the loss of 100 jobs. It also cut $ 20 million from the Australian Bureau of Statistics . In response to the 2007–2008 financial crisis , the Rudd government announced in October 2008 that it would guarantee all bank deposits. The government initially ignored Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) advice to cap
5074-566: The Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030 , was released on 2 May 2009 and outlines a significant expansion to the Australian Defence Force , intended to maximize the military's capacity to act independently in Australia's region. Other defence policies enacted by the Rudd government include cancelling the contract to purchase 11 Seasprite helicopters in March 2008, and beginning the process of planning
5192-671: The Australian Greens preference for a carbon tax to transition to an emissions trading scheme, establishing a carbon price via the Clean Energy Act 2011 . The government also introduced a revised Minerals Resource Rent Tax and the Queensland Flood Levy . In his 2012–13 Budget , Treasurer Swan announced that the government would deliver a $ 1.5 billion surplus. The government cut defence and foreign aid spending. In December 2012, Swan announced that
5310-512: The Australian Parliament, Rudd described this assurance as "non-extraordinary". Opposition frontbencher Tony Abbott said that Rudd was inept and hypocritical in his handling of the issue during the affair. According to Geoff Kitney, a Fairfax journalist who has covered immigration since the 1980s, his explanation of the terms of the agreement left the impression that, at the very least, he knew it would be difficult to show that
5428-685: The Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, four short of the requirement for majority government , resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election . Labor suffered an 11-seat swing, even though it won a bare majority of the two-party vote. Both major party leaders sought to form a minority government . Six crossbench MPs held the balance of power . Four crossbench MPs, Greens Adam Bandt and independents Andrew Wilkie , Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply , allowing Gillard and Labor to remain in power with
5546-466: The Federal Budget would be in surplus in 2013. The Government continued to promise this outcome until December 2012. Gillard initially ruled out a " carbon tax " but said that she would build community consensus for a price on carbon and open negotiations with the mining industry for a re-vamped mining profits tax. Following the 2010 hung parliament election result, the Labor Party elected to adopt
5664-479: The House (to Mark Latham ) on 2 July 2003. During this time, she shadowed Tony Abbott , with the rivalry between the two often attracting attention from the media. She was later given additional responsibility for managing opposition business in the House of Representatives by Latham, who had succeeded Beazley as Labor Party leader. In the aftermath of Labor's fourth consecutive defeat in the 2004 federal election it
5782-477: The Labor Party and resigned as leader, Gillard was elected unopposed as his replacement in a leadership spill , and was sworn-in as prime minister. She led Labor through the 2010 election weeks later, which saw the first hung parliament since 1940. Gillard was able to form a minority government with the support of the Greens and three independents . During its term of office, the Gillard government introduced
5900-481: The Labor Party as to the leadership style and direction of Rudd. On 23 June 2010 he announced that Gillard had asked him to hold a leadership ballot the following day to determine the leadership of the Labor Party, and hence the Prime Ministership of Australia. As late as May 2010, prior to challenging Rudd, Gillard was quipping to the media that "There's more chance of me becoming the full-forward for
6018-423: The Labor Party, Gillard identified addressing the issue of unauthorised arrivals of asylum seekers as a priority of her government. She announced that negotiations were underway for a return to "offshore processing" of asylum seeker claims. Gillard ruled out a return to processing at Nauru and named East Timor as a preferred location for new detention and processing facilities. The East Timorese government rejected
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#17327657007236136-540: The Liberals and secure passage of the bill, Education Minister Julia Gillard loosened some aspects of the changes to rural arrangements. This allowed students from remote areas to access the workforce test with the additional requirement that their parents earned less than $ 150,000. The Student Start-Up Scholarship was cut (by about $ 200) to just above $ 2000 to pay for these changes. However, the impasse meant that, in mid-February, an estimated 150,000 students were waiting for
6254-547: The Liberals' policy. At the time, econometric research suggested that providers of carbon credits under the voluntary Australian Greenhouse Office trading scheme were capable of stabilising emissions, due to the demand from households for carbon-neutral products. On 3 December 2007, hours after being sworn in, Rudd signed the Kyoto Protocol . Rudd described this action as a "significant step forward in our country's efforts to fight climate change domestically – and with
6372-496: The Press found that more respondents would prefer Gillard to be Labor Leader; she polled 32% compared with Beazley's 25% and Kevin Rudd's 18%. Although she had significant cross-factional support, she announced on 25 January 2005 that she would not contest the leadership, allowing Beazley to be elected unopposed. On 1 December 2006, as part of a cross-factional political partnership with Kevin Rudd, Gillard challenged Jenny Macklin for
6490-745: The Prime Minister's decision. The government articulated its stance on energy management in October 2009. Writing in The Australian Financial Review , the resources minister, Martin Ferguson , acknowledged that withholding resources such as coal (either black or brown ) is unlikely to do much to assist in reducing emissions or alter demand. The government instead hoped to become a world-leading investor in carbon capture and storage technologies, and expand Australia's natural gas production, while continuing to support
6608-544: The Rudd government, which maintained Australia's bipartisan policy in support of the multi-ethnic annual intake of immigrants. Rudd said that he believed in a "Big Australia" and projected a population of 35–36 million by 2050. The Rudd government moved in its early months to dismantle several components of the Howard government 's approach to unauthorized arrival immigration policy – it abandoned offshore processing of asylum seekers and temporary protection visa arrangements. The Coalition said that these practices had halted
6726-442: The UK, a visiting scholar or visiting academic usually has to pay a so-called bench fee to the university, which will give access to shared office space and other university facilities and resources (such as the library). Bench fees vary across UK universities. The purpose of a visiting scholars programs is generally to bring to the university or educational institution in question an exceptional senior scholar who can contribute to
6844-399: The US should be prepared to use force against China "...if everything goes wrong". Responding to the New South Wales coroner's late November 2007 finding that the Balibo Five had been deliberately murdered by the Indonesian military in 1975, Rudd commented that "those responsible should be held to account. ... You can't just sweep this to one side". As opposition leader he had argued for
6962-431: The audience poll at the Broncos Leagues Club meeting in Brisbane on 18 August. Gillard also appeared on the ABC's Q&A program on 9 August. On 7 August, Gillard was questioned by former Labor leader turned Channel Nine reporter Mark Latham. Gillard officially "launched" Labor's campaign in Brisbane five days before polling day, outlining Labor policies and using the slogan: "Yes we will move forward together". Labor and
7080-417: The bill to pass in time for the start of the Australian academic year. Ultimately, the government secured passage as a result of the changes and the new scholarship was provided in the first semester of this year. In 2013, the Labor government proposed a cut to the value of the Student Start-Up Scholarship, to turn it into a loan which would fund the Gonski Reforms. However, after losing the election and forming
7198-467: The campaign from this point. Gillard met Opposition leader Tony Abbott for one official debate during the campaign. Studio audience surveys by Channel Nine and the Seven Network suggested a win to Gillard. Unable to agree on further debates, the leaders went on to appear separately on stage for questioning at community forums in Sydney and Brisbane , Queensland . An audience exit poll of the Rooty Hill RSL audience indicated an Abbott victory. Gillard won
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#17327657007237316-479: The cessation of the detention of children and the provision of legal advice to unauthorized arrivals. In April 2009, following the relaxation of border protection policies, there was an increase in asylum seeker vessels which culminated in a fatal explosion due to sabotage on one of these vessels . In response, the government announced a new strategy of offering financial support to Indonesia to assist in their efforts to reduce people smuggling to Australia. After
7434-433: The chair of the Global Partnership for Education since 2014 and the chair of Beyond Blue since 2017. She released her memoir, My Story , in September 2014. In April 2021, she became chair of the Wellcome Trust , succeeding Eliza Manningham-Buller . Although Gillard often ranked poorly in opinion polls as prime minister, her premiership has been more favourably received in retrospect. Political experts often place her in
7552-417: The changes to pass parliament two weeks before the start of the academic year in March. The new scholarship system was a massive extension of the system of support, provided as an entitlement, based on parental income and administered by Centrelink . Criticism of the new system centred on claims that it would disadvantage regional students. One university in Queensland topped up its food bank, anticipating that
7670-450: The country without visas. While it remained committed to the policy of mandatory detention as an "essential component of strong border control", the Rudd government announced that detention would be restricted to unlawful non-citizens who posed a threat to the community, those who refuse to comply with visa conditions, or those who need to be detained for the period of conducting health, identity and security checks. The government announced
7788-487: The day before. The main contributors to this result were the large fall in the current account deficit and increasing household consumption. Apart from the manufacturing sector, the Australian economy avoided a technical recession. RBA economists endorsed the first two phases of stimulus a year later, saying that it was "undeniable" that government spending had supported the economy. RBA governor Glenn Stevens remained cautious of American-style fiscal policy, casting doubt on
7906-945: The deal was not a cave-in. The Sri Lankan Government said that the deal would encourage more people to risk the ocean journey to Australia. A UNHCR representative told The Australian that the deal was bad practice and would encourage similar behaviour. By March 2010, 100 asylum seeker boats had been intercepted within Australian waters under the Rudd government. In April, the Rudd government suspended processing new claims by Sri Lankan and Afghan asylum seekers, who comprised 80 percent of all boat arrivals, for three and six months, respectively. A boatload of refugees arrived daily in May 2010, causing overcrowding on Christmas Island. West Australian Premier Colin Barnett has been told by Evans that up to 90 asylum seekers would move to an unused mining camp near Leonora , more than 800 kilometres (500 mi) north-east of Perth. Government policy towards unauthorised boat arrivals remained controversial for
8024-429: The deputy leadership. After Rudd successfully replaced Beazley as Labor Leader on 4 December 2006, Macklin chose to resign, allowing Gillard to become Deputy Leader unopposed. In the subsequent reshuffle, Gillard was allocated responsibility for Employment, Workplace Relations and Social Inclusion, as well as being made Deputy Leader of the Opposition . After the Labor Party's victory in the 2007 federal election, Gillard
8142-419: The detention centre there was becoming crowded. In 2010, as the Christmas Island facility reached its official capacity, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) noted in its annual report that despite global refugee numbers remaining steady, there was a 29% increase in asylum claims for 2009. This supported claims that the government's policy changes had led to the increase. In October 2009,
8260-402: The establishment of a single industrial-relations bureaucracy called Fair Work Australia, which played a more interventionist role than the Howard government's Fair Pay Commission. Visiting professor In academia , a visiting scholar , visiting scientist , visiting researcher , visiting fellow , visiting lecturer , or visiting professor is a scholar from an institution who visits
8378-432: The establishment of offshore processing centres on Manus Island in Papua New Guinea (closed 2004) and at Nauru . In announcing the demise of the policy, Evans described it as "a cynical, costly and ultimately unsuccessful exercise", and the 21 people housed at the Nauru detention center were transferred to Brisbane. In May 2008, the Asylum Seeker Resource Centre said that the Department of Immigration and Citizenship
8496-442: The events leading up to Rudd's replacement which cast doubt on Gillard's insistence that she did not actively campaign for the Prime Ministership, Attorney-General Nicola Roxon spoke of Rudd's record in the following terms: "I don't think we should whitewash history – while there are a lot of very good things our government did with Kevin as prime minister, there were also a lot of challenges, and it's Julia who has seen through fixing
8614-636: The explosion, Rudd said: "People smugglers are the vilest form of human life." Unauthorised boat arrivals in Australia increased from 161 people in 2008 to nearly 3,000 people in 2009. The opposition said that this was due to the government's policy adjustments, while the government said that it was due to "push factors". Rudd had a conversation with Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono , the President of Indonesia , on 20 October to intercept vessels bound for Australia. The government had made provisions to house refugees in spare demountable housing on Christmas Island , as
8732-599: The federal government move towards providing 50% of new health funding (and not 60 per cent as originally agreed) and removed the requirement of the states to cede a proportion of their GST revenue to the Federal Government to fund the new arrangement. The new agreement was supported by all state premiers and chief ministers and signed on 2 August. In relation to population targets for Australia, Gillard told Fairfax Media in August 2010 that while skilled migration
8850-415: The federal government's climate change advisor, Professor Ross Garnaut . Garnaut said that the government's conditional 2020 emission targets were too low, and that the planned assistance measures for emissions-intensive industries pose "profound" financial risk for the government. In May 2009, Rudd announced an increase of the scheme target to a 25% reduction from levels of 2000, but that the introduction of
8968-523: The first six months of 2009. They were quietly resettled in northern Brisbane , in spite of a nationalist backlash against refugees that was developing in Queensland. WorkChoices , the industrial relations regime introduced by the Howard government, was overhauled. Rudd's 2007 policy included the phasing out of Australian Workplace Agreements over a period of up to five years, the establishment of
9086-624: The forum. The Rudd government sought to improve relations with China. Trade developments including the Gorgon gas project saw major deals between Australia and China. In an April 2008 visit to China, Rudd addressed an audience in Mandarin at Beijing University , in which he told students that Australia had concerns over human rights issues in Tibet and later repeated the comments to Premier Wen Jiabao . The Chinese Communist Party reacted angrily to
9204-425: The government no longer expected to achieve a surplus, citing falling revenue and global economic conditions. Like her predecessor Rudd, Gillard had said that health is a priority in her agenda. She announced during the 2010 election, that there would be an increase of 270 placements for emergency doctors and nurses and 3,000 extra nursing scholarships over the following 10 years. She also said mental health would be
9322-569: The ground in Iraq or patrolling the coastline. As of early 2009, around 150 support personnel remained in Iraq. In contrast, the Australian force in Afghanistan was expanded, with Rudd announcing in April 2009 an increase from 1,100 to 1,550 personnel. Fitzgibbon became the first Rudd government minister to resign, on 4 June 2009. He quit after admitting that meetings concerning business opportunities held between defence officials and his brother,
9440-577: The guarantee. With the economy experiencing its biggest slowdown since the early 1990s and facing a recession, the government announced an economic stimulus package worth $ 10.4 billion. A second economic stimulus package worth $ 42 billion was announced in February 2009, consisting of an infrastructure program worth $ 26 billion, $ 2.7 billion in small-business tax breaks, and $ 12.7 billion for cash bonuses, including $ 950 for every Australian taxpayer who earned less than $ 80,000 during
9558-543: The head of nib Health Funds , had breached the Ministerial Code of Conduct. John Faulkner was appointed to succeed in the Defence portfolio. One of the Rudd government's key proposals in the 2007 election campaign was the implementation of an "education revolution". This was to include the provision of computers for every school student in years 9–12 and the implementation of a national curriculum. In 2010,
9676-628: The idea that Australia should have a higher inflation target to repair its public accounts. The Rudd government established a review of the tax system by the head of the Department of the Treasury , Ken Henry . Among other suggested reforms recommended by the Henry review and adopted by the Rudd government was a Resource Super Profits Tax on the extractive industry . The proposal met resistance from mining industry bodies and mining companies, and
9794-483: The intention of giving the Commonwealth responsibility for providing the majority of funding to public hospitals and 100 per cent of funding for primary care and GP services. In February 2011, Gillard announced extensive revision of the original health funding reforms proposed by the Rudd government, which had been unable to secure the support of all state governments. The revised Gillard government plan proposed that
9912-452: The international community". After a year of accounting of " emissions " and " sinks ", the government published its climate change policies in a white paper released on 15 December 2008. This defined a plan to introduce an emissions trading scheme in 2010 and recommended a target range for Australia's greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, which would be a 5% to 15% reduction from levels in 2000. It drew criticism from environmental groups and
10030-567: The law firm Slater & Gordon in Werribee , Victoria, working in industrial law . In 1990, she was admitted as a partner ; at the age of 29, she was the youngest partner within the firm, and one of the first women to hold the position. From 1985 to 1989, Gillard was president of the Carlton branch of the Labor Party. She stood for Labor preselection in the Division of Melbourne prior to
10148-534: The leadership unopposed. Treasurer Wayne Swan was at the same time elected unopposed to succeed Gillard as Deputy Leader. Shortly afterward, Gillard was sworn in as the 27th prime minister of Australia by Governor-General Quentin Bryce , with Swan being sworn in as deputy prime minister. The members of the Rudd Ministry , with the exception of Rudd himself who returned to the backbenches, subsequently became
10266-609: The life of the Rudd government. During the 2010 Labor leadership spill that resulted in Gillard replacing Rudd as prime minister, Rudd told media on 23 June: "This party and government will not be lurching to the right on the question of asylum seekers, as some have counseled us to do." The Gillard government made a further series of adjustments to Labor policy and moved to restore offshore processing of asylum seekers in 2011. Despite an election promise to process 90 percent of claims for protection visas within 90 days, Immigration Department figures in October 2009 showed no improvement in
10384-575: The members of the First Gillard Ministry . It was the first time in Australian history that both the head of state as well as the head of government were female. Later that day, in her first press conference as prime minister, Gillard said that at times the Rudd government "went off the tracks", and "[I] came to the view that a good Government was losing its way". Gillard offered wider explanation of her motivations for replacing Rudd during
10502-504: The number of students regularly going without food would increase. In 2009, the Coalition and Senator Fielding had blocked changes to the Youth Allowance and Austudy system , stating they were unfair to rural and regional students and would leave 26,000 students worse off. The bill would have tightened regulations around the work requirements these students needed to fulfill to be considered independent of their parents. However,
10620-549: The old scholarship system, which helped about 21,000 students per year, due to concerns that it was not adequately means tested and that many scholarships were not allocated as a result of being administered by the universities. However, the new system was stalled in the Senate as a result of opposition by the Liberal-National Opposition and Senator Fielding. This left an estimated 150,000 students waiting for
10738-545: The opposition, Labor changed its position and opposed these cuts which became supported by the Liberal government. These changes are yet to pass the Senate. In opposition, Rudd had called climate change "the greatest moral, economic and social challenge of our time" and called for a cut to greenhouse gas emissions by 60% before 2050. In October 2007, John Howard, Prime Minister at the time, said that Labor's policy on climate change negotiations had no significant differences to
10856-549: The plan. In October 2010, her government announced that it would open two detention centres for 2000 immigrants, due to the pressures in allowing women and children to be released into the community. One was to be opened in Inverbrackie, South Australia , and one in Northam, Western Australia . She said it would be a short-term solution to the problem and that temporary detention centres would be closed. On 15 December 2010,
10974-568: The proposal was later heavily modified when Julia Gillard replaced Rudd as prime minister. In December 2007, the Minister for Defence , Joel Fitzgibbon , ordered the Department of Defence to develop a new white paper to guide Australia's defense policy. While the white paper was originally due to be completed in December 2008, it was delayed until 2009 due to the volume of work required. The white paper, entitled Defending Australia in
11092-500: The remarks, describing Tibet as "purely an internal affair". The Rudd government's relations with the Communist Party were further strained by the Stern Hu Affair , in which, following a failure by China to secure the purchase of Australian mining assets, Australian businessman Stern Hu was accused of "stealing state secrets" during trade negotiations on behalf of Australian mining company Rio Tinto , and subsequently received
11210-533: The repatriation of their remains. However, no meaningful action was taken when Rudd became PM, and he refused the requests of relatives of the slain journalists to visit their graves while in Indonesia. Rudd's term in office coincided with the final months of the Bush administration in the United States. After reports in domestic media that Rudd had joked with journalists that George W. Bush did not know what
11328-414: The repeated assurances by Ms Gillard that she would not stand". Later, ABC's 7:30 Report said the seeds for the challenge to Rudd came from "factional heavyweights" Bill Shorten and Senator David Feeney , who secured the support of "New South Wales right power broker" Mark Arbib and that Feeney and Arbib went to discuss a challenge with Gillard on the morning of 23 June and a final numbers count began for
11446-431: The replacement of Kevin Rudd by Gillard. Midway through the campaign, Gillard offered journalists a self-assessment of her campaign by saying that she had been paying too much attention to advisers in her strategy team, and she wanted to run a less "stage-managed" campaign: I think it's time for me to make sure that the real Julia is well and truly on display, so I'm going to step up and take personal charge of what we do in
11564-537: The report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, led by retired Air Chief Marshall Angus Houston . Accepting the panel's recommendation, Gillard on 12 August 2012 announced that a bill then before Parliament would be amended to allow the Government to choose sites for off-shore processing. At the same time she announced the Government would nominate the former detention centres on Nauru and Manus Island , Papua New Guinea to be re-opened. The amended bill passed with
11682-406: The right, saying on 23 June: "This party and government will not be lurching to the right on the question of asylum seekers, as some have counselled us to do." Initially, The Sydney Morning Herald reported that the final catalyst for the move on Rudd was sparked by a report that Rudd had used his chief of staff to sound out back benchers on his level of support, thus implying that "he did not trust
11800-399: The scheme would be delayed until July 2011. In June 2010, the environment minister, Peter Garrett , revealed in an interview with Sky News that he first learned of the change in policy when he read it in a newspaper after being leaked by a government source. This followed damaging comments by Professor Tim Flannery , a strong supporter of Labor's scheme, that he felt "betrayed" by
11918-628: The speed of processing claims since the change of government. As a proportion of the immigration intake, Australia accepted fewer refugees in 2009 than it did at any time under the Howard government. The government had accepted more refugees from regional conflicts as the number of Africans fleeing to Australia declined. There had been a notable spike in Chin Burmese and Rohingya Burmese refugees being accepted from camps in Thailand and Bangladesh . Almost 1,400 Burmese refugees were accepted in
12036-431: The stay can be extended. Typically, a visiting scholar is invited by the host institution, and it is not unusual for them to provide accommodation. Such an invitation is often regarded as recognizing the scholar's prominence in the field. Attracting prominent visiting scholars often allows the permanent faculty and graduate students to cooperate with prominent academics from other institutions, especially foreign ones. In
12154-556: The support of the Opposition on 16 August 2012. Rudd government (2007%E2%80%9310) Prime Minister of Australia First term of government (2007–2010) Second term of government (2013) Ministries Elections [REDACTED] The first Rudd government was the executive Government of Australia formed by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and led by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd . The Rudd government commenced on 3 December 2007, when Rudd
12272-402: The trade in people smuggling from Indonesia to Australia, but the Labor Party said these were ineffective and inhumane. The issue of asylum seeker policy remained controversial through the term of the Rudd government. The number of asylum seeker boat arrivals increased throughout the period and the handling of the issue was identified by supporters of Julia Gillard's challenge to Kevin Rudd as
12390-460: The two country independents in the House of Representatives, Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott, supported the changes. The Bradley Review had found that the old system had been accessed disproportionally by students from high-income families despite being intended to support those from disadvantaged backgrounds. To win the support of the Greens and Senator Nick Xenophon and to mitigate the opposition of
12508-561: The vessels approach Australian waters on the high seas. Chris Evans was appointed Minister for Immigration and Citizenship in the First Rudd ministry and retained this portfolio in the First Gillard Ministry . The newly elected Rudd government announced a series of measures aimed at achieving what it described as a more "compassionate policy". Howard's policy, called the Pacific Solution , had involved offshore processing,
12626-513: Was a better way to prevent a recession. The package was passed in the Senate on the 13 February with support from minor parties and independents, following amendments that reduced the cash bonuses in the package to fund investment in the environment and water supply. National accounts released on 4 March 2009 showed that Australia's non-farm sector shrunk for the September and December 2008 quarters. The 2009 Australian federal budget
12744-514: Was born in Barry, and is of distant Scottish and Irish descent; she worked in a Salvation Army nursing home. After Gillard suffered from bronchopneumonia as a child, her parents were advised it would aid her recovery if they were to live in a warmer climate. This led the family to migrate to Australia in 1966, settling in Adelaide , South Australia . The Gillard family's first month in Australia
12862-482: Was first elected to the House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election representing Lalor , a safe Labor seat near Melbourne, replacing Barry Jones who retired. She made her maiden speech to the House on 11 November 1998. Gillard was a member of the standing committee for Employment, Education and Workplace Relations from 8 December 1998 to 8 December 2001, in addition to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs from 20 March 2003 to 18 August 2003. Within
12980-601: Was followed by the introduction of the My School website; launched in January 2010, the website reports on data from NAPLAN and displays information such as school missions, staffing, financial information, its resources and its students' characteristics. As Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations, Gillard removed the WorkChoices industrial relations regime introduced by the Howard government , and replaced it with
13098-452: Was given additional responsibilities for Reconciliation and Indigenous Affairs. In these roles, in the wake of the Tampa and Children Overboard affairs , which were partly credited with Labor's 2001 election loss, Gillard developed a new immigration policy for the Labor Party. Gillard was later promoted to the position of Shadow Minister for Health and Deputy Manager of Opposition Business in
13216-470: Was re-elected leader of the Labor Party in 2013 and served a second term as prime minister . The Rudd government issued its first budget in May 2008, which was initiated to fight inflation . The total expenditure, as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) , was lower than any of the previous governments, despite including many of the expensive election promises for " working families ". The projected surplus of 1.8% of GDP, or $ 21.7 billion, exceeded
13334-412: Was rejecting asylum-seeker applications at a higher rate than under the previous government, noting 41 of 42 applications had been rejected. Evans claimed a denial rate of 77 percent, based on his acknowledgment that of a caseload of 730 appeals, he has intervened in 170. In July 2008, the Australian government announced that it was ending its policy of automatic detention for asylum seekers who arrive in
13452-415: Was released on the evening of 12 May 2009. Labor decided not to extend the investment allowance, and it was phased out by the end of the year. Other measures to support employment – augmenting a first-home buyer's scheme – were initiated. During the March quarter, the Australian economy grew by 0.4%, a number not foreseen by many until the positive balance of trade statistics released
13570-588: Was spent in the Pennington Hostel , a now-closed migrant facility located in Pennington , South Australia. In 1974, eight years after they arrived, Gillard and her family became Australian citizens. As a result, Gillard held dual citizenship until she renounced her British citizenship prior to entering the Australian parliament in 1998. Gillard attended Mitcham Demonstration School before going on to Unley High School . She began an arts degree at
13688-548: Was sworn in along with his ministry . This took place just nine days after the defeat of the Howard government , which was a Coalition of members of the Liberal and National parties, at the 2007 federal election . The Rudd government concluded on 24 June 2010 when Rudd, under pressure from an impending leadership caucus ballot , stepped down from the leadership of the ALP and was succeeded by his deputy, Julia Gillard . Rudd
13806-652: Was sworn in as the first ever female Deputy Prime Minister of Australia on 3 December 2007. In addition to being appointed to the position of Deputy Prime Minister, Gillard was given responsibility for a so-called "super ministry", the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations . She was a member of the Strategic Priorities Budget Committee (SPBC) – also referred to as " Gang of Four " – which comprised Rudd and his most senior ministers: Gillard, Treasurer Wayne Swan and Finance Minister Lindsay Tanner . Formed in late-2007 as
13924-436: Was widely speculated that Gillard might challenge Jenny Macklin for the deputy leadership, but she did not do so. Gillard had been spoken of as a potential future leader of the party for some years, but never stood in a leadership contest. After Mark Latham resigned as Labor Leader in January 2005, Gillard appeared on ABC 's Australian Story in March 2006, after which an Ipsos Mackay poll conducted for Network Ten 's Meet
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