In Australia , Lower North Shore refers to the northern suburbs of Sydney adjoining Sydney Harbour. The three bodies of water that surround the Lower North Shore are Lane Cove River on its western border, Sydney Harbour on its south side, and Middle Harbour on its east. The Lower North Shore borders the Upper North Shore when the Lane Cover River and Middle Harbour are at their closest.
61-670: Gladesville is a suburb in the Lower North Shore of Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia. Gladesville is located 10 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district , in the local government area of the City of Ryde and the Municipality of Hunter's Hill . Gladesville is part of the federal electorates of North Sydney and Bennelong . Gladesville possesses riverside views and bush settings along
122-446: A brushable solution . The ingredients and processes of violin varnish are very diverse, with some highly regarded old examples showing defects (e.g. cracking, crazing) associated with incompatible varnish components. Some violin finishing systems use vernice bianca (egg white and gum arabic) as a sealer or ground. There is also evidence that finely powdered minerals, possibly volcanic ash, were used in some grounds. Some violins made in
183-641: A cream designated for polishing bronze mirrors, and other formulas. Because of flammability concerns, many product containers list safety precautions for storage and disposal for varnishes and drying oils as they are flammable, and materials used to apply the varnishes may spontaneously combust. Many varnishes contain plant-derived oils (e.g. linseed oil ), synthetic oils (e.g. polyurethanes ) or resins as their binder in combination with organic solvents. These are flammable in their liquid state. All drying oils , certain alkyds (including paints ), and many polyurethanes produce heat (an exothermic reaction) during
244-453: A harder, decidedly tougher and more waterproof film. However, a thick film of ordinary polyurethane may de-laminate if subjected to heat or shock, fracturing the film and leaving white patches. This tendency increases with long exposure to sunlight or when it is applied over soft woods like pine . This is also in part due to polyurethane's lesser penetration into the wood. Various priming techniques are employed to overcome this problem, including
305-433: A metal drier to accelerate the drying. However, different types of varnish have different components. After being applied, the film-forming substances in varnishes either harden directly, as soon as the solvent has fully evaporated , or harden after evaporation of the solvent through curing processes, primarily chemical reaction between oils and oxygen from the air ( autoxidation ) and chemical reactions between components of
366-456: A multitude of lacquers . Synthetic resins such as phenolic resin may be employed as a secondary component in certain varnishes and paints. Over centuries, many recipes were developed which involved the combination of resins, oils, and other ingredients such as certain waxes . These were believed to impart special tonal qualities to musical instruments and thus were sometimes carefully guarded secrets. The interaction of different ingredients
427-548: A new solution to distil the oil could not be found. The employees put forward hundreds of suggestions, and two were implemented. In later years, Halmeg was the first to produce Safflower Oil in Australia. It also introduced a profit sharing scheme for its employees. The site closed in 1974. In 2016 the local community crowned Madeleine Paslis as the Queen of Gladesville. Monash Park is a locality recognised by Australia Post . It
488-418: A radio interview in 1935 that the river had declined and was now lined with factories. However he could still remember when; "....the wood-boat and the fruit boats, something like 7-ton yachts in size and capacity, would hoist mainsail and jib in the early morning, and come howling down the river with the westerly wind behind them, hoping to get far enough down to meet the north-easter before the wind failed. If
549-440: A straight oil finish, but because of the relatively slow curing time of oils, the emission of certain chemical byproducts, and the need for exposure to oxygen from the air, care must be taken that the oils are sufficiently cured to accept the polyurethane. One of the disadvantages of a polyurethane-based varnish is the tendency to yellow over time. This is because the hydroxyl groups of a regular alkyd are reacted with TDI to produce
610-460: A tendency to yellow over a fairly short period of time. Used when a fast-curing, tough, hard finish is desired, such as for kitchen cabinets and office furniture. Comes in two parts: a resin and an acid catalyst. The first is a blend of an amino resin and an alkyd. The acid catalyst is added right before application in a set ratio determined by the manufacturer. Most produce minimal yellowing. There are, however, two downsides to this finish. The first
671-758: A true spar varnish maintained its elasticity above other virtues, even if this required a compromise in its UV-resistance. Spar varnishes are thus not necessarily the best choice for outdoor woodwork that does not need to bend in service. Despite this, the widespread perception of "marine products" as "tough" led to domestic outdoor varnishes being branded as "Spar varnish" and sold on the virtue of their weather- and UV-resistance. These claims may be more or less realistic, depending on individual products. Only relatively recently have spar varnishes been available that can offer both effective elasticity and UV-resistance. Drying oils, such as linseed and tung oil , are not true varnishes though often in modern terms they accomplish
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#1732790449650732-399: A urethane-alkyd. This introduces a high degree of aromaticity and hence tendency to yellow. Unlike drying oils and alkyds which cure after evaporation of the solvent and upon reaction with oxygen from the air, true polyurethane coatings cure after evaporation of the solvent and then either by a variety of reactions of chemicals within the original mix, or by reaction with moisture from
793-425: A varnish effect by themselves. Originally, turpentine or alcohol was used to dissolve the resin and thin the drying oils. The invention of petroleum distillates has led to turpentine substitutes such as white spirit , paint thinner , and mineral spirit . Modern synthetic varnishes may be formulated with water instead of hydrocarbon solvents. Violin varnishing is a multi-step process involving some or all of
854-470: A wide range of conditions and can be engineered to speed up the cure rate and thus harden faster. Usually this is by the use of metal salt driers such as cobalt salts. Better (and more expensive) exterior varnishes employ alkyds made from high performance oils and contain UV -absorbers; this improves gloss-retention and extends the lifetime of the finish. Various resins may also be combined with alkyds as part of
915-968: Is a short distance away from Gladesville, located in the suburb of Huntleys Point . St Joseph's College (Boys) and Villa Maria Primary School are located in Hunters Hill. Holy Cross College (Boys) is located in Ryde and Marist Sisters' College Woolwich (Girls) is located near the peninsula of Woolwich. Ryde Secondary College , a public school, is located nearby in Ryde. At the 2021 census , there were 12,867 residents in Gladesville. The majority of people (65.5%) stated they were born in Australia, with other top responses being China 4.2%, England 3.5%, Italy 1.9%, New Zealand 1.8% and India 1.2%. 69.9% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 4.0%, Italian 2.9%, Cantonese 2.9%, Greek 2.4% and Spanish 1.5%. No Religion (34.6%)
976-474: Is a varnish. Thus, by far most pieces of wooden furniture are lacquered. Lacquer may be considered different from varnish because it can be re-dissolved later by a solvent (such as the one it was dissolved in when it was applied) and does not chemically change to a solid like other varnishes. Acrylic resin varnishes are typically water-borne varnishes with the lowest refractive index of all finishes and high transparency. They resist yellowing. Acrylics have
1037-408: Is centred on a sports oval of the same name, on Ryde Road. Gladesville has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: There are four primary schools in the suburb: Gladesville Public School, Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic Primary School, Christ Church Gladesville Preschool and Boronia Park Public School. Gladesville is near to a number of prestigious private schools. Riverside Girls High School
1098-419: Is difficult to predict or reproduce, so expert finishers were often prized professionals. Shellac is a very widely used single-component resin varnish that is alcohol-soluble. It is not used for outdoor surfaces or where it will come into repeated contact with water, such as around a sink or bathtub. The source of shellac resin is a brittle or flaky secretion of the female lac insect, Kerria lacca , found in
1159-662: Is listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate. The site joins the Bedlam Bay walk, where remnants of the Great North Road exists and the walls of the Bedlam Bay Ferry. Banjo Paterson lived in the sandstone house (now a restaurant) whilst attending Sydney Grammar School . The house was owned by his Grandmother and was frequented by many artists and writers. Banjo Paterson recalled in
1220-426: Is not dissolved in alcohol. Lacquer is dissolved in lacquer thinner, which is a highly flammable solvent typically containing butyl acetate and xylene or toluene . Lacquer is typically sprayed on, within a spray booth that evacuates overspray and minimizes the risk of combustion. The rule of thumb is that a clear wood finish formulated to be sprayed is a lacquer, but if it is formulated to be brushed on then it
1281-401: Is typically available in "clear" and "amber" (or "orange") varieties, generally as "three-pound cut" or three pounds dry shellac to one US gallon of alcohol. Other natural color shades such as ruby and yellow are available from specialty pigment or woodworker's supply outlets. Dry shellac is available as refined flakes, "sticklac," "button lac," or "seedlac." "White pigmented" shellac primer paint
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#17327904496501342-491: Is widely available in retail outlets, billed as a fast-drying interior primer "problem solver", in that it adheres to a variety of surfaces and seals off odors and smoke stains. Shellac clean-up may be done either with pure alcohol or with ammonia cleansers. Modern commercially produced varnishes employ some form of alkyd for producing a protective film. Alkyds have good solvent, moisture and UV light resistance. Alkyds are chemically modified vegetable oils which operate well in
1403-627: The Lane Cove National Park . Local sportsgrounds include North Sydney Oval , the region's largest in capacity, followed by Chatswood Oval . Major waterways in the region include Port Jackson , the Lane Cove River, the Parramatta River , Middle Harbour and the many creek systems that branch out from these main aquatic lifelines. The Lower North Shore is the location of Kirribilli House and Admiralty House ,
1464-670: The New South Wales State Heritage Register and the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate . One of the hospital's acquisitions was a two-storey sandstone house called The Priory , in Salter Street. It was built in the late 1840s, possibly by the Stubbs family, and featured an east-looking face in the Georgian style , and a west face with a gable and painted sundial . In the 1850s it
1525-583: The Parish of Willoughby , a cadastral unit used for land title purposes. When the regional name is used in a wider sense, the suburbs of Hunters Hill , Gladesville , Woolwich and Huntleys Point , which lie west of the Lane Cove River, are sometimes also considered part of the Lower North Shore, although more often the term North Shore applies to the suburbs between Middle Harbour and the Lane Cove River. The Lower North Shore suburbs adjacent to
1586-783: The Parramatta River . The nearby Gladesville Bridge (a Sydney landmark that links the North Shore to the Inner West ) takes its name from the suburb. Before European settlement, the area of Gladesville was included within the territory of the Wallumettagal people of the Eora nation. Evidence of their presence can still be found in the area; for instance, there are rock carvings and grinding grooves that can be seen in Glades Bay Park, which overlooks Glades Bay. The area
1647-654: The Sydney Ferries network is provided with the regular F3 Parramatta River service , which stops at Huntleys Point ferry wharf in the neighbouring suburb of Huntleys Point , 33°50′00″S 151°07′00″E / 33.8333°S 151.1167°E / -33.8333; 151.1167 Lower North Shore (Sydney) Lower North Shore encompasses suburbs belonging to the local government areas of Municipality of Mosman , City of Willoughby , Municipality of Lane Cove , and North Sydney Council . The Lower North Shore, in this narrow sense, roughly corresponds with
1708-420: The curing process. Thus, oil-soaked rags and paper can smolder and ignite into flames, even several hours after use if proper precautions are not taken. Therefore, many manufacturers list proper disposal practices for rags and other items used to apply the finish, such as disposal in a water filled container. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil , a resin , and a thinner or solvent plus
1769-551: The Bayview Hotel, The Sawdust Hotel, Gladesville "Sporties" Bowling Club, and the Gladesville Returned and Services League Club. Plans to redevelop the site by Hunters Hill Council (including the removal of an important local heritage building) remain strongly opposed by some local residents. Despite complaints by many local residents to preserve the existing mix of boutique shopping and low density housing,
1830-564: The advantage of water clean-up and lack of solvent fumes, but typically do not penetrate into wood as well as oils. They sometimes lack the brushability and self-leveling qualities of solvent-based varnishes. Generally they have good UV-resistance. In the art world, varnishes offer dust-resistance and a harder surface than bare paint – they sometimes have the benefit of ultraviolet light resistors, which help protect artwork from fading in exposure to light. Acrylic varnish should be applied using an isolation coat (a permanent, protective barrier between
1891-769: The air. Certain polyurethane products are "hybrids" and combine different aspects of their parent components. "Oil-modified" polyurethanes, whether water-borne or solvent-borne, are currently the most widely used wood floor finishes. Exterior use of polyurethane varnish may be problematic due to its heightened susceptibility to deterioration through ultra-violet light exposure. All clear or translucent varnishes, and indeed all film - polymer coatings (e.g. paint, stain , epoxy, synthetic plastic , etc.) are susceptible to this damage in varying degrees. Pigments in paints and stains protect against UV damage. UV-absorbers are added to polyurethane and other varnishes (e.g. spar varnish) to work against UV damage but are decreasingly effective over
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1952-744: The architecture was designed by Colonial Architect Mortimer Lewis and built between 1836 and 1838. In 1869 it became the Gladesville Hospital for the Insane, and in 1915 the Gladesville Mental Hospital . In 1993, it was amalgamated with Macquarie Hospital to form the Gladesville Macquarie Hospital. In 1997, inpatient services were consolidated at Macquarie Hospital at North Ryde. The Gladesville complex includes many buildings which are listed on
2013-411: The course of 2–4 years, depending on the quantity and quality of UV-absorbers added, as well as the severity and duration of sun exposure. Water exposure, humidity, temperature extremes, and other environmental factors affect all finishes. The word lacquer refers to quick-drying, solvent-based varnishes or paints. Although their names may be similarly derived, lacquer is not the same as shellac and
2074-663: The curing process are emitted from the oil film even after it is dry to the touch and over a considerable period of time. It has long been a tradition to combine drying oils with resins to obtain favourable features of both substances. Many different kinds of resins may be used to create a varnish. Natural resins used for varnish include amber , kauri gum , dammar , copal , rosin ( colophony or pine resin), sandarac , balsam , elemi , mastic , and shellac . Varnish may also be created from synthetic resins such as acrylic , alkyd , or polyurethane . A varnish formula might not contain any added resins at all since drying oils can produce
2135-411: The following: primer, sealer, ground, color coats, and clear topcoat. Some systems use a drying oil varnish as described below, while others use spirit varnish made of resin(s) dissolved in alcohol. Touchup in repair or restoration is only done with solvent based varnish. Drying oil such as walnut oil or linseed oil may be used in combination with amber , copal , rosin or other resins . Traditionally
2196-497: The forests of Assam and Thailand and harvested from the bark of the trees where she deposits it to provide a sticky hold on the trunk. Shellac is the basis of French polish , which for centuries has been the preferred finish for fine furniture. Specified "dewaxed" shellac has been processed to remove the waxy substances from original shellac and can be used as a primer and sanding-sealer substrate for other finishes such as polyurethanes, alkyds, oils, and acrylics. Prepared shellac
2257-401: The formula for typical "oil" varnishes that are commercially available. Spar varnish (also called marine varnish or yacht varnish ) was originally intended for use on ship or boat spars , to protect the timber from the effects of sea and weather. Spars bend under the load of their sails. The primary requirements were water resistance and also elasticity , so as to remain adhering as
2318-436: The harbour where there was always some sort of breeze. They would strike Sydney some time or other, and would deliver their cargo into horse-drawn carts and then point the boat’s nose up river again, back to the gardens and the spitting of fire wood with wedges and American axes." Halmeg Linseed oil was manufactured on a two-point-zero-hectare (five-acre) mill located at the end of Punt Road, overlooking Glass Bay. The linseed oil
2379-659: The late 18th century used ox blood to create a very deep-red coloration. Today this varnish would have faded and currently be a very warm, dark orange. Most resin or gum varnishes consist of a natural, plant- or insect-derived substance dissolved in a solvent, called spirit varnish or solvent varnish. The solvent may be alcohol , turpentine, or petroleum -based. Some resins are soluble in both alcohol and turpentine. Generally, petroleum solvents, i.e. mineral spirits or paint thinner , can substitute for turpentine. The resins include amber , dammar , copal , rosin , sandarac , elemi , benzoin , mastic , balsam , shellac , and
2440-462: The local municipal council has committed the suburb to high density residential redevelopment and strip mall shopping centres. Victoria Road is the suburb's main thoroughfare, running through the centre of Gladesville. A number of bus routes run along this road, connecting the suburb to Sydney CBD and Ryde , with some services continuing as far as Parramatta . Bus services along Pittwater Road connect with Chatswood and Woolwich . Access to
2501-578: The manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired. It is sold commercially in various shades. Varnish is primarily used as a wood finish where, stained or not, the distinctive tones and grains in the wood are intended to be visible. Varnish finishes are naturally glossy , but satin/semi-gloss and flat sheens are available. The word "varnish" comes from Mediaeval Latin vernix , meaning odorous resin, perhaps derived from Middle Greek berōnikón or beroníkē , meaning amber or amber-colored glass. A false etymology traces
Gladesville - Misplaced Pages Continue
2562-523: The official residences in Sydney of the Prime Minister of Australia and Governor-General of Australia respectively. This article related to the geography of Sydney is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Varnish Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not to be confused with wood stain . It usually has a yellowish shade due to
2623-411: The oil is prepared by cooking or exposure to air and sunlight, but modern stand oil is prepared by heating oil at high temperature without oxygen. The refined resin is sometimes available as a translucent solid and is then "run" by cooking or melting it in a pot over heat without solvents. The thickened oil and prepared resin are then cooked together and thinned with turpentine (away from open flame) into
2684-422: The painting and the varnish, preferably a soft, glossy gel medium) to make varnish removal and overall conservation easier. Acrylic varnishes used for such a final removable art protection layer are typically mineral-spirit–based acrylic, rather than water-based. Various epoxy resin systems have been formulated as varnishes or floor finishes whereby two components are mixed directly before application. Sometimes,
2745-766: The polyunsaturated portion of the oil and oxygen from the air. Originally, the term "varnish" referred to finishes that were made entirely of resin dissolved in suitable solvents, either ethanol (alcohol) or turpentine . The advantage to finishes in previous centuries was that resin varnishes had a very rapid cure rate compared to oils; in most cases they are cured practically as soon as the solvent has fully evaporated. By contrast, untreated or "raw" oils may take weeks or months to cure, depending on ambient temperature and other environmental factors. In modern terms, boiled or partially polymerized drying oils with added siccatives or dryers (chemical catalysts ) have cure times of less than 24 hours. However, certain non-toxic by-products of
2806-659: The purchase of a number of adjoining holdings. After John Glade's death in 1848, his land was sold to a Sydney solicitor, Mr W. Billyard, who subsequently subdivided and sold the land in November 1855, naming it Gladesville. A major milestone in the development of the suburb was the establishment of the Tarban Creek Lunatic Asylum in 1838, on the banks of the Parramatta River . It was the first purpose-built mental asylum in New South Wales. Much of
2867-431: The same thing. Polyurethane varnishes are typically hard, abrasion-resistant, and durable coatings. They are popular for hardwood floors but are considered by some wood finishers to be difficult or unsuitable for finishing furniture or other detailed pieces. Polyurethanes are comparable in hardness to certain alkyds but generally form a tougher film. Compared to simple oil or shellac varnishes, polyurethane varnish forms
2928-748: The solvent but quickly begin to cure, undergoing successive stages from liquid or syrupy, to tacky or sticky, to dry gummy, to dry to the touch, to hard. Environmental factors such as heat and humidity play a large role in the drying and curing times of varnishes. In classic varnish the cure rate depends on the type of oil used and, to some extent, on the ratio of oil to resin. The drying and curing time of all varnishes may be sped up by exposure to an energy source such as sunlight , ultraviolet light, or heat. There are many different types of drying oils, including linseed oil , tung oil , and walnut oil . These contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids . Drying oils cure through an exothermic reaction between
2989-407: The spars flexed. Elasticity was a pre-condition for weatherproofing too, as a finish that cracked would then allow water through, even if the remaining film was impermeable. Appearance and gloss was of relatively low value. Modified tung oil and phenolic resins are often used. When first developed, no varnishes had good UV -resistance. Even after more modern synthetic resins did become resistant,
3050-482: The two parts are of equal volume and referred to as 1:1 but not always, as 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 and even 5:1 mixing ratios are commercially available. The individual components are usually referred to as Part A and Part B. All two-part epoxies have a pot-life or working time during which the mixed material can be used. Usually the pot-life is a matter of a few hours or less, but this is highly temperature dependent. Both water-borne and solvent-based epoxies are used. Epoxies do have
3111-446: The use of certain oil varnishes, specified "dewaxed" shellac, clear penetrating epoxy sealer, or "oil-modified" polyurethane designed for the purpose. Polyurethane varnish may also lack the "hand-rubbed" lustre of drying oils such as linseed or tung oil; in contrast, however, it is capable of a much faster and higher film build, accomplishing in two coats what may require multiple applications of oil. Polyurethane may also be applied over
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#17327904496503172-404: The varnish. Resin varnishes dry by evaporation of the solvent and harden quickly on drying. Acrylic and waterborne varnishes dry by evaporation of the water but will experience an extended curing period for evaporation of organic solvents absorbed on the latex particles, and possibly chemical curing of the particles. Oil, polyurethane, and epoxy varnishes remain liquid even after evaporation of
3233-412: The water are Longueville , Northwood , Neutral Bay , Greenwich , Waverton , Wollstonecraft , Mosman , Cremorne , Lane Cove , Lavender Bay , McMahons Point, Milsons Point , Cammeray , North Sydney , Chatswood , Artarmon , Willoughby , Crows Nest , Riverview , Castlecrag , and Northbridge . The region is home to hundreds of parks and reserves, including Sydney Harbour National Park and
3294-435: The wind died away and they were left in the doldrums – well, they didn’t worry. They anchored and caught themselves feeds of fish which they cooked on their little galley fires, the scent of frying re-bream mixing not unhappily with the aroma of guavas, grapes, and the big hautboy strawberries which now seem to have gone out of fashion. Then, when the tide turned, they would up with the anchor and drift down till they opened up to
3355-607: The word to the Greek Berenice , the ancient name of modern Benghazi in Libya, where the first varnishes in the Mediterranean area were supposedly used and where resins from the trees of now-vanished forests were sold. Early varnishes were developed by mixing resin —pine pitch , for example—with a solvent and applying them with a brush to get the golden and hardened effect one sees in today's varnishes. Varnishing
3416-489: Was a technique well known in ancient Egypt . Varnishing is also recorded in the history of East and South Asia; in India , China and Japan , where the practice of lacquer work, a species of varnish application, was known at a very early date. The Tang Chinese used medieval chemistry experiments to produce a varnish for clothes and weapons, employing complex chemical formulas applied to silk clothes of underwater divers ,
3477-406: Was first called Doody's Bay during the beginnings of European settlement, marked by a land grant being given to convict artist, John Doody (1795). Others to receive grants in the district were William House (1795), Ann Benson (1796) and Charles Raven (1799). By 1836, John Glade, an emancipist , was issued with the deeds to Doody's grant, which he had purchased in 1817. Glade expanded his property with
3538-471: Was higher than the national median of $ 1,863. The main commercial district of Gladesville is centred on Victoria Road , the suburb's main thoroughfare. A small shopping centre anchored by a Coles supermarket, Gladesville Shopping Village, is located off Cowell Street. A number of restaurants and cafes are situated nearby, serving a variety of cuisines including Thai , Indian , Vietnamese , Greek , Mexican and Italian . Entertainment venues include
3599-581: Was sold to the Marist Fathers, a French group who had an influence on the early development of Hunters Hill . The hospital acquired it in 1888; it was listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate in 1978. Another historical landmark is the cottage Rockend, where the poet Banjo Paterson lived in the 1870s and 1880s. It was built circa 1850 and is still preserved and open to the public in Banjo Paterson Park , Punt Road. It
3660-576: Was the most common religious affiliation, followed by Catholic 31.5% and Anglican 9.4%. Gladesville is an affluent suburb. The largest three groups of occupations were Professionals (35.2%), Managers (21.6%), and Clerical and Administrative Workers (13.9%). The median weekly incomes for Gladesville were significantly higher than that of Australia, being Personal: $ 1,200, Family: $ 3,136, and Household: $ 2,257. The dwelling types in Gladesville were evenly spread between separate houses and semi-detached or units. Median monthly mortgage payments were $ 2,800 and this
3721-434: Was used in the manufacturing of lead paint and varnish , as well as putties , caulking compounds , printing inks and linoleum. The production plant was established in 1923. The revolutionary extraction process did not work at first. Despite this, one hundred guests toured the new mill at its official opening. Harold Meggit, owner of the plant, increased employees wages, also advising that there would be no jobs and no wages if
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