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24-713: Gladys Bailin (born 1930) is a choreographer , dancer, and instructor. She studied and worked at the Henry Street Playhouse in New York, joined the avant-garde , modern dance company of Alwin Nikolais and later taught at and became the first female Distinguished Professor at Ohio University . Gladys Bailin was born in New York City on February 11, 1930. As a child she took piano, dance, and voice classes. At age eight she began attending classes at

48-431: A coherent whole.” Choreography consisting of ordinary motor activities, social dances, commonplace movements or gestures, or athletic movements may lack a sufficient amount of authorship to qualify for copyright protection. A recent lawsuit was brought by professional dancer and choreographer Kyle Hanagami, who sued Epic Games, alleging that the video game developer copied a portion of Hanagami’s copyrighted dance moves in

72-449: A dance notation system specific to tap dance . In 1956, Rudolf and Joan Benesh first published Benesh Movement Notation , a written system for recording human movement. It is most widely used in the recording and restaging of dance works. In 1958, Eshkol and Wachman published an exposition of their movement notation . In 1969, Romanian choreographer Theodor Vasilescu published a dance notation system for Romanian folk dances . In

96-1084: A new, more naturalistic style of choreography, including by Russian choreographer Michel Fokine (1880-1942) and Isadora Duncan (1878-1927), and since then styles have varied between realistic representation and abstraction. Merce Cunningham , George Balanchine , and Sir Frederick Ashton were all influential choreographers of classical or abstract dance, but Balanchine and Ashton, along with Martha Graham , Leonide Massine , Jerome Robbins and others also created representational works. Isadora Duncan loved natural movement and improvisation . The work of Alvin Ailey (1931-1989), an African-American dancer, choreographer, and activist, spanned many styles of dance, including ballet, jazz , modern dance, and theatre. Dances are designed by applying one or both of these fundamental choreographic methods: Several underlying techniques are commonly used in choreography for two or more dancers: Movements may be characterized by dynamics, such as fast, slow, hard, soft, long, and short. Today,

120-568: A result, these systems usually cannot effectively describe other types of dance. In the 1680s, Pierre Beauchamp invented a dance notation system for Baroque dance. His system, known as Beauchamp–Feuillet notation , was published in 1700 by Raoul Auger Feuillet and used to record dances throughout the eighteenth century. A well-known collection of dance scores is the Sergeyev Collection , recorded using Vladimir Ivanovich Stepanov 's notation method (1892). This collection documents

144-495: A staple of the East Village nightclub scene in the 1980s. They cited the Nikolais influenced dance instruction of Bailin leading to their interest in using props, visuals, and costumes in their performances. Choreography Choreography is the art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies (or their depictions) in which motion or form or both are specified. Choreography may also refer to

168-548: Is taken from the dance techniques of ballet , contemporary dance , jazz dance , hip hop dance , folk dance , techno , K-pop , religious dance, pedestrian movement, or combinations of these. The word choreography literally means "dance-writing" from the Greek words "χορεία" (circular dance, see choreia ) and "γραφή" (writing). It first appeared in the American English dictionary in the 1950s, and "choreographer"

192-840: Is the longest-running choreography competition in the world (started c.  1982 ), organised by the Ballett Gesellschaft Hannover e.V. It took place online during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, returning to the stage at the Theater am Aegi in 2022. Gregor Zöllig, head choreographer of dance at the Staatstheater Braunschweig was appointed artistic director of the competition in 2020. The main conditions of entry are that entrants must be under 40 years of age, and professionally trained. The competition has been run in collaboration with

216-772: The Henry Street Playhouse . She trained and worked at the Playhouse from the 1940s into the 1960s. At the Henry Street Playhouse Bailin met Alwin Nikolais in 1948. She graduated from Hunter College in 1952. She performed with the Nikolais company as well as the Murray Louis Dance Company . She toured with both companies throughout the United States and internationally. From 1966 to 1972, Bailin taught at

240-550: The Imperial Ballet 's (today the Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet) repertoire from the turn of the 20th century, including Marius Petipa 's original choreographic designs for The Sleeping Beauty , Giselle , Le Corsaire , and Swan Lake , as well as Coppélia and the original version of The Nutcracker . It was with this collection that many of these works were first staged outside Russia. In 1934,

264-723: The New York University School of the Arts (now the Tisch School). During the 1960s she also performed with Don Redlich and company. She joined Ohio University in 1972 to develop the dance program. She was the Director of the School of Dance there from 1983 to 1995. Bailin influenced scores of students over the years. The duo Dancenoise , Anne Iobst and Lucy Sexton, studied with Bailin at Ohio University and became

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288-615: The Tanja Liedtke Foundation since her death in 2008, and from 2021 a new production prize has been awarded by the foundation, to complement the five other production awards. The 2021 and 2022 awards were presented by Marco Goecke , then director of ballet at the Staatstheater Hannover . There are a number of other international choreography competitions, mostly focused on modern dance. These include: The International Online Dance Competition (IODC)

312-422: The design itself. A choreographer is one who creates choreographies by practising the art of choreography, a process known as choreographing . It most commonly refers to dance choreography . In dance, choreography. may also refer to the design itself, which is sometimes expressed by means of dance notation . Dance choreography is sometimes called dance composition . Aspects of dance choreography include

336-518: The "arranger of dance as a theatrical art", with one well-known master being of the late 18th century being Jean-Georges Noverre , with others following and developing techniques for specific types of dance, including Gasparo Angiolini , Jean Dauberval , Charles Didelot , and Salvatore Viganò . Ballet eventually developed its own vocabulary in the 19th century, and romantic ballet choreographers included Carlo Blasis , August Bournonville , Jules Perrot and Marius Petipa . Modern dance brought

360-435: The 17th and 18th centuries, social dance became more separated from theatrical dance performances. During this time the word choreography was applied to the written record of dances, which later became known as dance notation , with the meaning of choreography shifting to its current use as the composition of a sequence of movements making up a dance performance. The ballet master or choreographer during this time became

384-544: The 1970s, North Korean choreographer U Chang-sop developed a system of dance notation for Korean dance called the Chamo System of Dance Notation, which uses pictorially based symbols. In 1975, Ann Hutchinson Guest reconstructed choreographer Arthur Saint-Léon 's Pas de Six from his 1844 ballet La Vivandière , along with its original music by composer Cesare Pugni , for the Joffrey Ballet . The piece

408-475: The composer Joseph Schillinger created a highly accurate notation system based on the 3D bone rotation and translation of a moving dancer. With motion capture technology half a century in the future, there was no way to effectively measure and record this information at the time. In 1948, Hanya Holm became the first Broadway choreographer to have her dance scores copyrighted, for her work on Kiss Me, Kate . In 1951, Stanley D. Kahn published Kahnotation ,

432-528: The compositional use of organic unity , rhythmic or non-rhythmic articulation, theme and variation, and repetition. The choreographic process may employ improvisation for the purpose of developing innovative movement ideas. In general, choreography is used to design dances that are intended to be performed as concert dance . The art of choreography involves the specification of human movement and form in terms of space, shape, time and energy, typically within an emotional or non-literal context. Movement language

456-1013: The copyright claims after the district court concluded that his two-second, four-beat sequence of dance steps was not protectable under copyright law. Dance notation The primary uses of dance notation are historical dance preservation through documentation and analysis (e.g., in ethnochoreology ) or reconstruction of choreography , dance forms, and technical exercises. Dance notation systems also allow for dance works to be documented and therefore potentially copyrighted. Two popular dance notation systems used in Western culture are Labanotation (also known as Kinetography Laban) and Benesh Movement Notation . Others include Eshkol-Wachman Movement Notation and DanceWriting. Many dance notation systems are designed for specific types of dance. Some examples include Shorthand Dance Notation for dances from Israel , Morris Dance Notation for Morris dance , and Beauchamp–Feuillet Notation for Baroque dance . As

480-731: The main rules for choreography are that it must impose some kind of order on the performance, within the three dimensions of space as well the fourth dimension of time and the capabilities of the human body. In the performing arts , choreography applies to human movement and form. In dance , choreography is also known as dance choreography or dance composition. Choreography is also used in a variety of other fields, including opera , cheerleading , theatre , marching band , synchronized swimming , cinematography , ice skating , gymnastics , fashion shows , show choir , cardistry , video game production, and animated art . The International Choreographic Competition Hannover, Hanover , Germany,

504-417: The popular game Fortnite. Hanagami published a YouTube video in 2017 featuring a dance he choreographed to the song "How Long" by Charlie Puth, and Hanagami claimed that Fortnight's "It's Complicated" "emote" copied a portion of his "How High" choreography. Hanagami's asserted claims for direct and contributory copyright infringement and unfair competition. Fortnite-maker Epic Games ultimately won dismissal of

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528-553: Was first used as a credit for George Balanchine in the Broadway show On Your Toes in 1936. Before this, stage credits and movie credits used phrases such as "ensembles staged by", "dances staged by", or simply "dances by" to denote the choreographer. In Renaissance Italy , dance masters created movements for social dances which were taught, while staged ballets were created in a similar way. In 16th century France, French court dances were developed in an artistic pattern. In

552-531: Was introduced in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a Grand Prix worth US$ 1,000 . Section 102(a)(4) of the Copyright Act provides protection in “choreographic works” that were created after January 1, 1978, and are fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Under copyright law, choreography is “the composition and arrangement of a related series of dance movements and patterns organized into

576-447: Was reconstructed from Saint-Léon's work, which was documented using his own method of dance notation, known as La Sténochorégraphie . In 1982, the first computerized notation system—the DOM (Dance on Microprocessor) dance notation system—was created by Eddie Dombrower for Apple II computers. The system displayed an animated figure on the screen that performed dance moves specified by

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