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114-474: The Glasgow University Dialectic Society , re-instituted in 1861, is a student society at the University of Glasgow , Scotland , committed to the promotion of debating , logic , ethics and literary discussion at the university. The society is independent and open to all students of the university, but maintains strong links with debating at Glasgow University Union . The date of the society's foundation
228-481: A coach builder at Alexander's Coach Works in 1970. He worked there for less than a year, enduring constant harassment from his Protestant co-workers, which according to several co-workers he ignored completely, as he wished to learn a meaningful trade. He was eventually confronted after leaving his shift in January 1971 by a number of his coworkers wearing the armbands of the local Ulster loyalist tartan gang . He
342-544: A 500-seat lecture theatre. Built at a cost of £90.6 million, it opened in April 2021 and is named for James McCune Smith , the first African American to earn a degree in medicine and a University of Glasgow alumnus. A further investment of over £900 million is being made across the Gilmorehill campus, focused mainly on redeveloping the 5.7-hectare (14-acre) site between University Avenue and Dumbarton Road that
456-470: A building known as the "Auld Pedagogy". The university was given 13 acres (5.3 ha) of land belonging to the Black Friars (Dominicans) on High Street by Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1563. By the late 17th century its building centred on two courtyards surrounded by walled gardens, with a clock tower, which was one of the notable features of Glasgow's skyline—reaching 140 feet (43 m) in height —and
570-405: A chapel adapted from the church of the former Dominican (Blackfriars) friary. Remnants of this Scottish Renaissance building, mainly parts of the main façade, were transferred to the Gilmorehill campus and renamed as the "Pearce Lodge", after Sir William Pearce , the shipbuilding magnate who funded its preservation. The Lion and Unicorn Staircase was also transferred from the old college site and
684-566: A decisive victory. The current office holder is Dr. Ghassan Abu-Sittah , who was installed in the position on the 11th of April 2024, after winning 80% of the vote and while under investigation by the University. The governing body of the university is the University Court , which is responsible for contractual matters, employing staff, and all other matters relating to finance and administration. The Court takes decisions about
798-517: A decorated west front facing the High Street, called the 'Nova Erectio', or New Building. This foundation is widely considered to have been one of the finest 17th-century buildings in Scotland. Decorated fragments from it, including a complete exterior stairway, were rescued and built into its 19th-century replacement. In Sir Walter Scott 's best-selling 1817 novel Rob Roy , set at the time of
912-538: A far grander scale, the original High Street campus's twin- quadrangle layout, and may have been inspired by Ypres ' late-medieval cloth hall ; Gilmorehill, in turn, inspired the design of the Clocktower complex of buildings for the new University of Otago in New Zealand. In 1879, Gilbert Scott's son, Oldrid , completed this original vision by building an open undercroft forming two quadrangles, above which
1026-546: A heart attack, precipitating the April 1981 by-election . The sudden vacancy in a seat with a nationalist majority of about 5,000 was a valuable opportunity for Sands's supporters "to raise public consciousness". Pressure not to split the vote led other nationalist parties, notably the Social Democratic and Labour Party , to withdraw, and Sands was nominated on the label " Anti H-Block /Armagh Political Prisoner". After
1140-791: A highly polarised campaign, Sands narrowly won the seat on 9 April 1981, with 30,493 votes to 29,046 for the Ulster Unionist Party candidate Harry West . Sands became the youngest MP at the time. Sands died in prison less than a month later, without ever having taken his seat in the Commons. Following Sands's election win, the British government introduced the Representation of the People Act 1981 which prevents prisoners serving jail terms of more than one year in either
1254-515: A large number of classified NSA documents to several media outlets—was elected. In 2017, Aamer Anwar a Scottish lawyer and former student of the university was elected rector until 2020 when rector elections had to be postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic . On April 21, 2021, Rita Rae, Lady Rae a Scottish lawyer, judge and former Senator of the College of Justice was appointed Rector after
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#17327938186121368-544: A loyalist mob and they were again forced to move, this time to the West Belfast Catholic area of Twinbrook , where Sands, now thoroughly embittered, rejoined them. By 1973, almost every Catholic family had been driven out of Rathcoole by violence and intimidation, although there were some who remained. Sands was arrested and charged in October 1972 with possession of four handguns found in the house where he
1482-724: A monument to Sands and the other hunger strikers was unveiled in May 2023. The Iranian government renamed Winston Churchill Boulevard, the location of the Embassy of the United Kingdom in Tehran , to Bobby Sands Street, prompting the embassy to move its entrance door to Ferdowsi street to avoid using Bobby Sands Street on its letterhead. A street in the Elahieh district is also named after Sands. An official blue and white street sign
1596-431: A number of attacks on prisoners leaving their cells to " slop out " (i.e., empty their chamber pots), this escalated into the " dirty protest ", wherein prisoners refused to wash and smeared the walls of their cells with excrement. Sands wrote about the brutality of Maze prison guards: "The screws [prison guards] removed me from my cell naked and I was conveyed to the punishment block in a blacked out van. As I stepped out of
1710-465: A particular religion, Rangers fans are mainly Protestant and predominantly sympathetic to unionists; Celtic fans are traditionally more likely to support nationalists. Celtic fans regularly sing the republican song "The Roll of Honour", which commemorates the 10 men who died in the 1981 hunger strike, amongst other songs in support of the IRA. Sands is mentioned in the line "They stood beside their leader –
1824-628: A reconciliation Mass for Northern Ireland. Irish pubs in the city were closed for two hours in mourning. The New Jersey General Assembly , the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature , voted 34–29 for a resolution honouring his "courage and commitment." The American media expressed a range of opinions on Sands's death. The Boston Globe commented, a few days before Sands's death, that "[t]he slow suicide attempt of Bobby Sands has cast his land and his cause into another downward spiral of death and despair. There are no heroes in
1938-1013: A specific remit. They, along with the Clerk of Senate, play a major role in the day-to-day management of the university. All students at the university are eligible to vote in the election of the Rector (officially styled "Lord Rector"), who holds office for a three-year term and chairs the University Court. In the past, this position has been a largely honorary and ceremonial one, and has been held by political figures including William Gladstone , Benjamin Disraeli , Bonar Law , Robert Peel , Raymond Poincaré , Arthur Balfour , Charles Kennedy and 1970s union activist Jimmy Reid , and latterly by celebrities such as TV presenters Arthur Montford and Johnny Ball , musician Pat Kane , and actors Richard Wilson , Ross Kemp and Greg Hemphill . In 2004, for
2052-984: A total of approximately 3,500 students. These include the Murano Street Student Village in Maryhill; Wolfson halls on the Garscube Estate; Queen Margaret halls, in Kelvinside ; Cairncross House and Kelvinhaugh Gate, in Yorkhill . In recent years, Dalrymple House and Horslethill halls in Dowanhill , Reith halls in North Kelvinside and the Maclay halls in Park Circus (near Kelvingrove Park ), have closed and been sold, as
2166-538: A younger brother, John, born in 1962. In 1961, after experiencing harassment and intimidation from their neighbours, the family abandoned the development and moved in with friends for six months before being granted housing in the nearby Rathcoole development. Rathcoole was 30% Catholic and featured Catholic schools as well as a nominally Catholic, but religiously mixed, youth football club, an unusual circumstance in Northern Ireland, known as Stella Maris,
2280-599: Is a public research university in Glasgow , Scotland . Founded by papal bull in 1451 [ O.S. 1450], it is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities . Along with the universities of St Andrews , Aberdeen , and Edinburgh , the university was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. Glasgow
2394-563: Is an alumna of the university, with a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) in Medical Law and Medical Ethics. She is the first woman to hold the office in the university. Day-to-day management of the university is undertaken by the University Principal (who is also Vice-Chancellor ). The current principal is Sir Anton Muscatelli who replaced Sir Muir Russell in October 2009. There are also several Vice-Principals, each with
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#17327938186122508-521: Is contested; the earliest paper records of the society are dated before 1770, and there are, moreover, mentions within the university records of a society existing and being open to students who took Logic , back when the university still resided within Glasgow Cathedral . Pope John Paul II issued a 'Papal Letter' to the society upon his visit to Scotland in 1982, which recognised the society's claim to have been established in 1451. The society
2622-462: Is his grand Bute Hall (used for examinations and graduation ceremonies), named after its donor, John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute . Oldrid also later added a spire to the building's signature gothic bell tower in 1887, bringing it to a total height of some 85 metres (278 ft). The local Bishopbriggs blond sandstone cladding and Gothic design of the building's exterior belie the modernity of its Victorian construction; Scott's building
2736-547: Is now attached to the Main Building. John Anderson , while professor of natural philosophy at the university, and with some opposition from his colleagues, pioneered vocational education for working men and women during the Industrial Revolution . To continue this work in his will, he founded Anderson's College , which was associated with the university before merging with other institutions to become
2850-406: Is open between 7 a.m. and 2 a.m., 361 days of the year. In addition to the main library, subject libraries exist for Medicine, Chemistry, Dental Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Education, Law, History of Art, and the faculty of Social Sciences, which are held in branch libraries around the campus. In 2007, a state-of-the-art section to house the library's collection of historic photographs
2964-596: Is operated jointly by the University of Glasgow, the University of the West of Scotland and the Open University . It offers a modular undergraduate curriculum, leading to one of a small number of liberal arts degrees, as well as providing the region's only access to postgraduate study. As well as these teaching campuses the university has halls of residence in and around the North-West of the city, accommodating
3078-908: Is right in refusing to yield political status to Bobby Sands, the Irish Republican Army hunger striker", but added that by appearing "unfeeling and unresponsive" the British Government was giving Sands "the crown of martyrdom". The San Francisco Chronicle argued that political belief should not exempt activists from criminal law: Terrorism goes far beyond the expression of political belief. And dealing with it does not allow for compromise as many countries of Western Europe and United States have learned. The bombing of bars, hotels, restaurants, robbing of banks, abductions, and killings of prominent figures are all criminal acts and must be dealt with by criminal law. Some American critics and journalists suggested that American press coverage
3192-533: Is structured upon what was then a cutting-edge riveted iron frame construction, supporting a lightweight wooden-beam roof. The building also forms the second-largest example of Gothic revival architecture in Britain, after the Palace of Westminster . An illustration of the Main Building previously featured on the reverse side of £100 notes issued by Clydesdale Bank . The university's Hunterian Museum resides in
3306-417: Is the largest university in Scotland by total enrolment and, with over 15,900 postgraduates, the fifth-largest in the United Kingdom by postgraduate enrolment. In common with universities of the pre-modern era, Glasgow originally educated students primarily from wealthy backgrounds; however, it became a pioneer in British higher education in the 19th century by also providing for the needs of students from
3420-876: Is the Garscube Estate in Bearsden , housing the Veterinary School , Observatory , ship model basin and much of the university's sports facilities, the Dental School in the city center, the section of Mental Health and Well Being at Gartnavel Royal Hospital on Great Western Road, the Teaching and Learning Centre at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and the Crichton Campus in Dumfries (operated jointly by
3534-638: Is the Reverend Stuart MacQuarrie, and the university appoints honorary chaplains of other denominations. The University Library , situated on Hillhead Street opposite the Main Building, is one of the oldest and largest libraries in Europe. Situated over 12 floors, it hosts more than three million books and journals, and provides electronic resources, including over 51,900 electronic journals. It also houses sections for periodicals, microfilms, special collections and rare materials. The Library
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3648-656: The Academic Senate (academic affairs), and the General Council (advisory). There is also a clear separation between governance and executive administration. The university's constitution, academic regulations, and appointments are described in the university calendar, while other aspects of its story and constitution are detailed in a separate "history" document. The university's three most significant officials are its chancellor, principal, and rector, whose rights and responsibilities are largely derived from
3762-661: The Anniesland area of the city. The university also has use of half of the East Boathouse situated at Glasgow Green on the River Clyde where Glasgow University Boat Club train. In common with the other ancient universities of Scotland the university's constitution is laid out in the Universities (Scotland) Acts. These Acts create a tripartite structure of bodies: the University Court (governing body),
3876-649: The Catholic Church in England and Wales , condemned Sands, describing the hunger strike as a form of violence. However, he noted that this was his personal view. The Catholic Church's official stance was that ministrations should be provided to the hunger strikers who, believing their sacrifice to be for a higher good, were acting in good conscience. At Old Firm football matches in Glasgow , Scotland, some Rangers fans have been known to sing songs mocking Sands to taunt fans of Celtic . Of those who identify with
3990-443: The Industrial Revolution , and its expansion in the High Street was constrained. The area around the university declined as well-off residents moved westwards with the expansion of the city and overcrowding of the immediate area by less well-off residents. It was this rapid slumming of the area that was a chief catalyst of the university's migration westward. In 1870, the university moved to a (then greenfield ) site on Gilmorehill in
4104-651: The Jacobite rising of 1715 , the lead character fights a duel in the New Building grounds before the contest is broken up by Rob Roy MacGregor . Over the following centuries, the university's size and scope continued to expand. In 1757 it built the Macfarlane Observatory and later Scotland's first public museum, the Hunterian . It was a center of the Scottish Enlightenment and subsequently of
4218-709: The National Library of Scotland , the transformed Kelvin Hall was brought into new public use including in Phase I the Hunterian Collections and Study Centre. The Mathematics Building, on University Way adjacent to the Boyd Orr Building, was demolished in 2017 to make way for a new 'Learning Hub' intended to provide individual and group study spaces for more than 2,500 students, as well as
4332-758: The Rankine Building at the east end of University Avenue (opened 1970), the multipurpose Adam Smith Building (opened 1967) on the crest of the hill above University Gardens, and the new Queen Margaret Union building (opened 1968) on the University Gardens site previously occupied by the University Observatory. These were joined by others in various modernist styles; both the Library and Boyd Orr Building (opened 1968 and 1972 respectively) were configured as tower blocks, as
4446-563: The Soviet Union , Pravda described it as "another tragic page in the grim chronicle of oppression, discrimination, terror, and violence" in Ireland. Many French towns and cities have streets named after Sands, including Nantes , Saint-Étienne , Le Mans , Vierzon , and Saint-Denis . According to Beresford, the conservative-aligned West German newspaper Die Welt took a negative view towards Sands saying "the British Government
4560-541: The Union Flag and chanted "Freedom for Ulster" during a march. The British Consulate at Ghent was raided. In Paris , thousands marched "behind a huge portrait of Sands, to chants of 'the IRA will conquer'". In the Portuguese Parliament , the opposition stood in a minute's silence for Sands. In Oslo , one demonstrator threw a tomato at Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom , but missed. In
4674-578: The Universities (Scotland) Act 1858 . The Chancellor is the titular head of the university and President of the General Council . They award all degrees, although this duty is generally carried out by the Vice-Chancellor, appointed by them. The current Chancellor is Dame Katherine Grainger , a former rower who is Britain's most decorated female Olympian, the current chair of UK Sport , and former Chancellor of Oxford Brookes University . She
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4788-493: The University of Strathclyde in 1964. In 1973, Delphine Parrott became its first female professor, as Gardiner Professor of Immunology. In October 2014, the university court voted for the university to become the first academic institution in Europe to divest from the fossil fuel industry . The university is currently spread over a few campuses. The main one is the Gilmorehill campus, in Hillhead . As well as this there
4902-869: The Veterinary School in Bearsden , and the Crichton Campus in Dumfries . The alumni of the University of Glasgow include some of the major figures of modern history, including James Wilson , a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence , 3 Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom ( William Lamb , Henry Campbell-Bannerman and Bonar Law ), 3 Scottish First Ministers ( Humza Yousaf , Nicola Sturgeon and Donald Dewar ), economist Adam Smith , philosopher Francis Hutcheson , engineer James Watt , physicist Lord Kelvin , surgeon Joseph Lister along with 4 Nobel Prize laureates (in total 8 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with
5016-566: The 1960s following publication of the Robbins Report led the university to build numerous modern buildings across Hillhead in a development zone, originally comprising mainly residential tenements, that had been designated on the north side of University Avenue in 1945. Several of these new buildings were in the brutalist style; the Mathematics Building at the west end of University Avenue (opened 1968, demolished 2017),
5130-408: The 1981 Irish Hunger Strike died after Sands. On the day of Sands's funeral, Unionist leader Ian Paisley held a memorial service outside Belfast City Hall to commemorate the victims of the IRA. In the Irish general election held the same year, two anti H-block candidates won seats on an abstentionist basis. The death of Sands resulted in a new surge of IRA activity and an immediate escalation in
5244-406: The 405 members of the university community who gave their lives in the Second World War. Most of the windows are the work of Douglas Strachan , although some have been added over the years, including those on the South Wall, created by Alan Younger. Daily services are held in the chapel during term-time, as well as seasonal events. Before Christmas, there is a Service of Nine Lessons and Carols on
5358-424: The AGM. Additionally it holds the Honorary President's Debate and a Sports Day - the Dialectic Olympics - as part of its marquee annual events. The society holds a number of more informal events, especially during Freshers' Week , to attract new members. Two internal competitions are organised by the society: the Reftable, for new speakers; and the Garry-MacDonald Debate, between incoming and outgoing club leaders of
5472-459: The Board by the Whip Secretary, Publicity Secretary, Macer, Social convenor, Welfare Officer, Charity Officer, Archive Librarian, and up to four Ordinary Board Members, the number of which is determined by the newly elected Executive. Two first-year members are elected to the Board by the end of the first semester of each year. The Convenor of Debates of the Glasgow University Union and the Society's immediate past President are Ex Officio members of
5586-404: The Board. The 2024-2025 Board is: Executive Non-Executive Ex Officio The electoral procedure at the AGM runs such that posts are filled in descending order, allowing those who failed to win more important posts to stand for others. The AGM was traditionally held at the end of the university's Candlemas Term, around the middle of March. Despite the new semester-based structure of
5700-417: The Glasgow University Union's Parliamentary Clubs . The Dialectic Society, along with the Glasgow University Medico-Chirurgical Society and Glasgow University Athletic Club , was one of the founding societies of the Glasgow University Union in 1885, as well as being instrumental in establishing the Glasgow University Students' Representative Council the following year, and remains an active contributor to
5814-500: The Grateful Dead's programme of live concert releases. Songs written in response to the hunger strikes and Sands's death include songs by Easterhouse , Black 47 , Nicky Wire , Meic Stevens , The Undertones , Eric Bogle , Soldat Louis and Christy Moore . Moore's song, " The People's Own MP ", has been described as an example of a rebel song of the "hero-martyr" genre in which Sands's "intellectual, artistic and moral qualities" are eulogised . The U.S. rock band Rage Against
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#17327938186125928-442: The Honorary President, then the next highest ranking member of the Board (usually the President) will chair the debate. Notable former members of the society include: The society was responsible for the founding of Groundings , an interdisciplinary journal publishing work in the humanities , arts , and social sciences . Groundings was established by the society in 2007 and has since been published annually. The purpose of
6042-443: The Mace debating championship sixteen more times, far more than any other university. The GUU has also won the World Universities Debating Championships five times. The society organises a variety of events during term-time ranging from panel debates and discussions to social mixers and show debates for its members. In November, the society holds a New Members' Dinner, followed in March by the Annual Members' Dinner, held shortly before
6156-507: The Machine listed Sands as an inspiration in the sleeve notes of their self-titled debut album and as a "political hero" in media interviews. Celtic F.C. received a €50,000 fine from UEFA over banners depicting Sands with a political message, which were displayed during a game on 26 November 2013 by Green Brigade fans. Bobby Sands has been portrayed in the following films: Sands married Geraldine Noade while in prison on robbery charges on 3 March 1973. His son, Gerard,
6270-412: The Main Building, and the related Hunterian Gallery is housed in buildings adjacent to the University Library. The latter includes "The Mackintosh House", a rebuilt terraced house designed by, and furnished after, architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh . Even these enlarged premises could not contain the expanding university, which quickly spread across much of Gilmorehill. The 1930s saw the construction of
6384-406: The Parliamentary Commissioners of Visitation on 28 August 1690, that he had seen the Bull at the Scots College in Paris, together with the many charters granted to the university by the monarchs of Scotland from James II to Mary, Queen of Scots . The university enquired of these documents in 1738 but was informed by Thomas Innes and the superiors of the Scots College that the original records of
6498-419: The People Act 1981 was passed through parliament. As a result of the Act, other prisoners on hunger strike were unable to stand in the second 1981 by-election in Fermanagh and South Tyrone. The Grateful Dead played the Nassau Coliseum the following night after Sands died and guitarist Bob Weir dedicated the song "He's Gone" to Sands. The concert was later released as Dick's Picks Volume 13 , part of
6612-418: The Republican paper An Phoblacht under the pseudonym "Marcella" (his sister's name). Other writings attributed to him are: Skylark Sing Your Lonely Song (1989) and One Day in My Life (1983). Sands also wrote the lyrics of " Back Home in Derry " and "McIlhatton", which were both later recorded by Christy Moore , and "Sad Song for Susan", which was also later recorded. The melody of "Back Home in Derry"
6726-448: The Society, although less serious joke candidates often also make it onto the ballot. From time to time these elections have generated some public controversy, most notably with the previous choices of Bobby Sands and Leopoldo Galtieri . The current Honorary President is current First Minister Humza Yousaf . One of the honorary president's duties is to chair the Honorary President's Debate, held in February each year. If not chaired by
6840-409: The Troubles , with the group obtaining many more members and increasing its fund-raising capability. Both nationalists and unionists began to harden their attitudes and move towards political extremes. Sands's Westminster seat was taken by his election agent, Owen Carron , standing as 'Anti H-Block Proxy Political Prisoner' with an increased majority. Shortly after Sands's death, the Representation of
6954-509: The UK or the Republic of Ireland from being nominated as candidates in UK elections. The enactment of the law, as a response to the election of Sands, consequently prevented other hunger strikers from being elected to the House of Commons. Sands died on 5 May 1981 in the Maze's prison hospital after 66 days on hunger strike, aged 27. The original pathologist 's report recorded the hunger strikers' causes of death as "self-imposed starvation", amended to simply "starvation" following protests by
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#17327938186127068-424: The University of Glasgow, the University of the West of Scotland and the Open University ). The Imaging Centre of Excellence (ICE) was opened at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital on 29 March 2017, including a Clinical Innovation Zone spanning 11,000 square feet (1,000 m ) of collaboration space for researchers and industry. The university's initial accommodation including Glasgow University Library
7182-458: The University) and numerous Olympic gold medallists, including the current chancellor, Dame Katherine Grainger . The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451 by a charter or papal bull from Pope Nicholas V , at the suggestion of King James II , giving Bishop William Turnbull , a graduate of the University of St Andrews , permission to add a university to the city's Cathedral. It is the second-oldest university in Scotland after St Andrews and
7296-410: The West End of the city, around three miles (five kilometres) west of its previous location, enclosed by a large meander of the River Kelvin . The original site on the High Street was sold to the City of Glasgow Union Railway and replaced by the college goods yard . The new-build campus was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the Gothic revival style. The largest of these buildings echoed, on
7410-467: The activities of both organisations. The archives of Glasgow University Dialectic Society are maintained by the Archives of the University of Glasgow (GUAS) . The management of the society is entrusted to a board elected at the Annual General Meeting (AGM). The Board consists of an Executive of five individuals comprising the President, Vice-President, Honorary Secretary, Honorary Treasurer, and Assistant Honorary Secretary. They are additionally joined on
7524-472: The award-winning round Reading Room (it is now a category-A listed building ) and an aggressive program of house purchases, in which the university (fearing the surrounding district of Hillhead was running out of suitable building land) acquired several terraces of Victorian houses and joined them together internally. The departments of Psychology, Computing Science, and most of the Arts Faculty continue to be housed in these terraces. More buildings were built to
7638-457: The dead strikers' families. The coroner recorded verdicts of "starvation, self-imposed". Sands was one of 22 Irish republicans (in the 20th century) who died on hunger-strike. Sands became a martyr to Irish republicans, and the announcement of his death prompted several days of rioting in nationalist areas of Northern Ireland . More than 100,000 people lined the route of Sands's funeral from St. Luke's Catholic Church in Twinbrook , and he
7752-479: The deployment of resources as well as formulating strategic plans for the university. The Court is chaired by the Rector , who is elected by all the matriculated students at the university. The University Secretary is the Head of University Services and assists the Principal in day-to-day management. The current University Secretary is David Duncan. Bobby Sands Robert Gerard Sands ( Irish : Roibeárd Gearóid Ó Seachnasaigh ; 9 March 1954 – 5 May 1981)
7866-414: The development value of such property increased. The Stevenson Building on Gilmorehill opened in 1961 and provides students with the use of a fitness suite, squash courts, sauna, and six-lane, 25-metre swimming pool. The university also has a large sports complex on the Garscube Estate, besides their Wolfson Halls and Vet School. This is a new facility, replacing the previous Westerlands sports ground in
7980-458: The editors. There are generally around ten articles per volume, each written and peer-reviewed by undergraduate students, and each volume of the journal follows a theme, to which it is intended the articles in that volume will relate. The theme for the first volume was " Identity and Commemoration ", and for the second volume, " Individuals, institutions, and the relations between them ". The themes used are intentionally broad in order to accommodate
8094-410: The expanding student population, a new refectory —known as the Hub—was opened adjacent to the library in 1966, and the Glasgow University Union building at the eastern end of University Avenue was extended in 1965. In October 2001 the century-old Bower Building (previously home to the university's botany department) was gutted by fire. The interior and roof of the building were largely destroyed, though
8208-620: The first time in its history, the university was left without a Rector as no nominations were received. When the elections were run in December, Mordechai Vanunu was chosen for the post, even though he was unable to attend due to restrictions placed upon him by the Israeli government. In 2014, Edward Snowden , an American computer specialist, a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee, and former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor—who came to international attention when he disclosed
8322-663: The foundation of the university were not to be found. If they had not been lost by this time, they certainly went astray during the French Revolution when the Scots College was under threat. Its records and valuables were moved for safe-keeping out of the city of Paris. The Bull remains the authority by which the university awards degrees. Teaching at the university began in the Chapter House of Glasgow Cathedral , subsequently moving to nearby Rottenrow , in
8436-469: The fourth-oldest in the English-speaking world. The universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, and Aberdeen were ecclesiastical foundations, while Edinburgh was a civic foundation. As one of the ancient universities of the United Kingdom, Glasgow is one of only eight institutions to award undergraduate master's degrees in certain disciplines. The university has been without its original Bull since
8550-518: The gallant Bobby Sands." Rangers' taunts have since been adopted by the travelling support of other UK clubs, particularly those with strong British nationalist ties, as a form of anti-Irish sentiment. The 1981 British Home Championship football tournament was cancelled following the refusal of teams from England and Wales to travel to Northern Ireland in the aftermath of his death, due to security concerns. In Europe, there were widespread protests after Sands's death. 5,000 Milanese students burned
8664-424: The game on the spot, changed clothes and took the gun. This is when Bobby's involvement with the IRA began in earnest, according to O'Hearn: Sands soon recruited some of his mates into a small auxiliary unit of about six or seven volunteers. Bobby was their section leader. They were isolated, so they worked with other volunteers from surrounding areas. In June 1972, Sands's parents' home was attacked and damaged by
8778-496: The growing urban and commercial middle class . Glasgow University served all of these students by preparing them for professions: law, medicine, civil service, teaching, and the church. It also trained smaller but growing numbers for careers in science and engineering. Glasgow has the fifth-largest endowment of any university in the UK and the annual income of the institution for 2022–23 was £944.2 million of which £220.7 million
8892-401: The hunger strike made Sands "a hero among Irish Republicans, or nationalists, seeking the reunion of Protestant-dominated and British-ruled Northern Ireland with the independent and predominantly Catholic Irish Republic to the south". The Ledger quoted Sands as saying "If I die, God will understand" and "Tell everyone I'll see them somewhere, sometime". In Hartford, Connecticut , a memorial
9006-507: The hunger strike was the prisoners' aim of being considered political prisoners as opposed to criminals. Shortly before Sands's death, The Washington Post reported that the primary aim of the hunger strike was to generate international publicity. Shortly after the beginning of the strike, Frank Maguire , the Independent Republican Member of Parliament (MP) for Fermanagh and South Tyrone , died suddenly of
9120-428: The journal is to provide an opportunity for undergraduate students at the university to have their work peer-reviewed and published in an accessible academic resource as a stepping stone to publication in more mainstream scholarly journals. As such, all entries are written by undergraduate students, and the editorial board is made up of undergraduates, although there exists an advisory panel mainly comprising academics of
9234-830: The largest variety possible between submissions, whilst ensuring each volume retains a sense of inherent direction. The journal is produced in paper and electronic form, with initial funding for publication provided by the Chancellor's Fund. Print copies are made available to a number of depositories in the United Kingdom, including the Glasgow University Library , and the journal is available to read online. University of Glasgow Dentistry Divinity Engineering Law Medicine Nursing Science Social Sciences Veterinary Medicine The University of Glasgow (abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals ; Scottish Gaelic : Oilthigh Ghlaschu )
9348-402: The last Sunday of term, and a Watchnight service on Christmas Eve. Graduates, students, members of staff, and the children of members of staff are entitled to be married in the chapel, which is also used for baptisms and funerals. Civil marriages and civil partnerships may be blessed in the chapel, although under UK law may not be performed there. The current chaplain of the university
9462-732: The main façade remained intact. After a £10.8 million refit, the building re-opened in November 2004. The Wolfson Medical School Building , with its award-winning glass-fronted atrium, opened in 2002, and in 2003, the St Andrews Building was opened, housing what is now the School of Education. It is sited a short walk from Gilmorehill, in the Woodlands area of the city on the site of the former Queens College, which had in turn been bought by Glasgow Caledonian University , from whom
9576-508: The man told Bobby to think it over as things in Rathcoole were bad and Catholics in the area were very isolated. Later that year, the same man from the pub spotted Bobby playing football on a pitch near the Sands house. As an initiation, he asked Sands to transport a gun from Rathcoole to Glengormley because the local IRA volunteer who was supposed to do the job had failed to show up. Bobby left
9690-659: The mid-sixteenth century. In 1560, during the political unrest accompanying the Scottish Reformation , the then chancellor, Archbishop James Beaton , a supporter of the Marian cause , fled to France. He took with him, for safe-keeping, many of the archives and valuables of the cathedral and the university, including the Mace and the Bull. Although the Mace was sent back in 1590, the archives were not. Principal James Fall told
9804-469: The republican movement in general, attracting both praise and criticism. Sands was born in Dunmurry in 1954 to John and Rosaleen Sands. After marrying, they relocated to the new development of Abbots Cross, Newtownabbey , County Antrim , outside North Belfast . Sands was the eldest of four children. His younger sisters, Marcella and Bernadette , were born in 1955 and 1958, respectively. He also had
9918-553: The saga of Bobby Sands". The Chicago Tribune wrote that " Mahatma Gandhi used the hunger strike to move his countrymen to abstain from fratricide. Bobby Sands's deliberate slow suicide is intended to precipitate civil war. The former deserved veneration and influence. The latter would be viewed, in a reasonable world, not as a charismatic martyr but as a fanatical suicide, whose regrettable death provides no sufficient occasion for killing others". In an editorial, The New York Times wrote that "Britain's prime minister Thatcher
10032-993: The same as the school Sands attended and where the training was held. Sands was a member of this club and played left-back . There was another youth club in nearby Greencastle called Star of the Sea and many boys went there when the Stella Maris club closed. By 1966, sectarian violence in Rathcoole, along with the rest of the Belfast metropolitan area , had considerably worsened, and the minority Catholic population there found itself under siege. Despite always having had Protestant friends, Sands suddenly found that none of them would even speak to him, and he quickly learned to associate only with Catholics. He left school in 1969 at age 15, and enrolled in Newtownabbey Technical College, beginning an apprenticeship as
10146-499: The university acquired the site. It replaced the St Andrews Campus in Bearsden . The university also procured the former Hillhead Congregational Church, converting it into a lecture theatre in 2005. The Sir Alwyn Williams building, designed by Reiach and Hall, was completed at Lilybank Terrace in 2007, housing the School of Computing Science. In September 2016, in partnership with Glasgow City Council , Glasgow Life , and
10260-711: The university drawn from a range of disciplines. Following an agreement between the Society and the Glasgow University Union in 2018, control over the management and publication of Groundings was transferred into the remit of the Convener of Libraries on the Board of Management of the Glasgow University Union, with the archives librarian acting as a representative for the Dialectic Society amongst
10374-533: The university's academic year, this remains the case and the AGM is now held shortly before the end of the teaching period of the second semester, which is separated from the exam period by the Easter vacation. At the AGM the Society elects an Honorary President, alongside up to eight Honorary Vice-Presidents and Honorary Life Members. Those elected are often respected public figures and persons who have done some service to
10488-498: The university's relocation to Hillhead , again proved problematic when more real estate was required. The school of veterinary medicine, which was founded in 1862, moved to a new campus in the leafy surrounds of Garscube Estate, around two miles (3 km) west of the main campus, in 1954. The university later moved its sports ground and associated facilities to Garscube and also built student halls of residence in both Garscube and Maryhill . The expected growth of tertiary education in
10602-409: The van on arrival there they grabbed me from all sides and began punching and kicking me to the ground ... they dragged me by the hair across a stretch of hard core rubble to the gate of the punishment block. The full weight of my body recoiled forward again, smashing my head against the corrugated iron covering around the gate." While in prison, Sands had several letters and articles published in
10716-635: The west of the Main Building, developing the land between University Avenue and the River Kelvin with natural science buildings and the faculty of medicine. The medical school spread into neighboring Partick and joined with the Western Infirmary . At the eastern flank of the Main Building, the James Watt Engineering Building was completed in 1959. The growth and prosperity of the city, which had originally forced
10830-461: Was a "melodrama". Edward Langley of The Pittsburgh Press criticised the large pro-IRA Irish-American contingent which "swallow IRA propaganda as if it were taffy ", and concluded that IRA "terrorist propaganda triumphs." Archbishop John R. Roach , president of the US Conference of Catholic Bishops , called Sands's death "a useless sacrifice". The Ledger of 5 May 1981 claimed that
10944-556: Was a gun battle with the Royal Ulster Constabulary . Leaving behind two wounded, Seamus Martin and Gabriel Corbett, the remaining four (Sands, McDonnell, Seamus Finucane, and Sean Lavery) tried to escape by car, but were arrested. One of the revolvers used in the attack was found in the car. On 7 September 1977, the four men were sentenced to 14 years for possession of the revolver. They were not charged with explosive offences. Immediately after his sentencing, Sands
11058-610: Was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze in Northern Ireland . Sands helped to plan the 1976 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing in Dunmurry , which was followed by a gun battle with the Royal Ulster Constabulary . Sands was arrested while trying to escape and sentenced to 14 years for firearms possession. He
11172-557: Was affixed to the rear wall of the British embassy compound saying (in Persian) "Bobby Sands Street" with three words of explanation "militant Irish guerrilla". The official Pars News Agency called Bobby Sands's death "heroic". There have been claims that the British pressured Iranian authorities to change the name of Bobby Sands Street but this was denied. A burger bar in Tehran is named in honour of Sands. Nine other IRA and Irish National Liberation Army members who were involved in
11286-493: Was born 8 May 1973. Noade soon left with Gerard to live in England. Sands's sister, Bernadette Sands McKevitt , is also a prominent Irish republican . She was a founding member of the 32 County Sovereignty Movement in 1997. She opposed the Good Friday Agreement , stating that "Bobby did not die for cross-border bodies with executive powers. He did not die for nationalists to be equal British citizens within
11400-626: Was borrowed from Gordon Lightfoot 's 1976 song " The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald ". The song itself is about the penal transportation of Irishmen in the 19th century to Van Diemen's Land (modern day Tasmania , Australia ). The 1981 Irish hunger strike started with Sands refusing food on 1 March 1981. Sands decided that other prisoners should join the strike at staggered intervals to maximise publicity, with prisoners steadily deteriorating successively over several months. The hunger strike centred on five demands: The significance of
11514-633: Was buried in the 'New Republican Plot' alongside 76 others. Their graves are maintained by the National Graves Association, Belfast . In response to a question in the House of Commons on 5 May 1981, the UK Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher said, "Mr Sands was a convicted criminal. He chose to take his own life. It was a choice that his organisation did not allow to many of its victims". Cardinal Basil Hume , head of
11628-610: Was chosen Officer Commanding of the Provisional IRA prisoners in the Maze Prison , succeeding Brendan Hughes , who was participating in the first hunger strike . Republican prisoners organised a series of protests seeking to regain their previous Special Category Status , which would free them from some ordinary prison regulations. This began with the " blanket protest " in 1976, in which the prisoners refused to wear prison uniforms and wore blankets instead. In 1978, after
11742-666: Was dedicated to Bobby Sands and the other hunger strikers in 1997, the only one of its kind in the United States. Set up by the Irish Northern Aid Committee and local Irish-Americans, it stands in a traffic island known as Bobby Sands Circle at the bottom of Maple Avenue near Goodwin Park. In 2001, a memorial to Sands and the other hunger strikers was unveiled in Havana , Cuba. In Providence, Rhode Island
11856-689: Was formally re-instituted in 1861. The society has led the UK's university debating culture since 1953. In 1955, it won the Observer Mace , now the John Smith Memorial Mace , named after the deceased GUU debater and former leader of the British Labour Party. The Society won the 1983 World University Debating Championships in Princeton with a team headed by John Nicolson and Frank McKiergan. The GUU has since won
11970-593: Was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £827.4 million. It is a member of Universitas 21 , the Russell Group and the Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities . The university was originally located in the city's High Street ; since 1870, its main campus has been at Gilmorehill in the City's West End . Additionally, a number of university buildings are located elsewhere, such as
12084-523: Was held at gunpoint and told that Alexander's was off-limits to " Fenian scum" and to never come back if he valued his life. He later said that this event was the point at which he decided that militancy was the only solution. In late 1971 while working as a barman at the Glen Inn (a pub in Glengormley ), Sands approached a man who he knew to be connected to the IRA and told him he would like to join;
12198-526: Was implicated in a fight and sent to the punishment block in Crumlin Road Prison . The cells contained a bed, a mattress, a chamber pot and a water container. Books, radios and other personal items were not permitted, although a Bible and some Catholic pamphlets were provided. Sands refused to wear a prison uniform, so was kept naked in his cell for twenty-two days without access to bedding from 7.30 am to 8.30 pm each day. In late 1980, Sands
12312-530: Was occupied by the Western Infirmary between 1874 and 2015. The University Chapel was constructed as a memorial to the 755 sons of the university who had died in the First World War. Designed by Sir John Burnet , it was completed in 1929 and dedicated on 4 October. Tablets on the wall behind the Communion Table list the names of those who died, while other tablets besides the stalls record
12426-534: Was opened, funded by the Wolfson Foundation. The Archives of the University of Glasgow is the central place of deposit for the records of the university, created and accumulated since its foundation in 1451. The university opened the Crichton campus in Dumfries , Dumfries and Galloway during the 1980s. It was designed to meet the needs for tertiary education in an area far from major cities and
12540-613: Was part of the complex of religious buildings in the precincts of Glasgow Cathedral . In 1460, the university received a grant of land from James, Lord Hamilton , on the east side of the High Street , immediately north of the Blackfriars Church, on which it had its home for the next four hundred years. In the mid-seventeenth century, the Hamilton Building was replaced with a very grand two-court building with
12654-520: Was right and [Sands] was simply trying to blackmail the state with his life." A number of political, religious, union and fund-raising institutions chose to honour Sands in the United States. The International Longshoremen's Association in New York announced a 24-hour boycott of British ships. Over 1,000 people gathered in New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral to hear Cardinal Terence Cooke offer
12768-555: Was staying. He was convicted in April 1973, sentenced to five years imprisonment, and released in April 1976. Upon his release, he returned to his family home in West Belfast, and resumed his active role in the Provisional IRA. Sands and Joe McDonnell planned the bombing of the Balmoral Furniture Company in Dunmurry on 14 October 1976. The showroom was destroyed but as the IRA men left the scene there
12882-535: Was the Genetics Building at the very south end of the campus on Dumbarton Road (opened 1967, named for Guido Pontecorvo in 1994, demolished 2021), while the amber-brick Geology Building (opened 1980, named for John Walter Gregory in 1998, renamed for Silas Molema in 2021) was built to a low-rise design on the former site of eight terraced houses in Lilybank Gardens. To further cater to
12996-478: Was the leader of the 1981 hunger strike in which Irish republican prisoners protested against the removal of Special Category Status . During Sands' strike, he was elected to the UK Parliament as an Anti H-Block candidate. His death and those of nine other hunger strikers was followed by a surge of IRA recruitment and activity. International media coverage brought attention to the hunger strikers, and
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