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16-727: The Gleichberge are the most imposing witnesses to the Tertiary volcanic activity of the Heldburger Gangschar , which once ran from here to south of the River Main . The Gleichberge, which consist mostly of the volcanic basalt cones of the Großer Gleichberg (679.0 m) in the south and the Kleiner Gleichberg (641.3 m) in the north, are located in the county of Hildburghausen between

32-711: Is an obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago. The period began with the extinction of the non- avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event , at the start of the Cenozoic Era , and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch . The time span covered by the Tertiary has no exact equivalent in

48-860: The Franconian Saale and Main into the Rhine , the short streams that rise on the extreme northeastern side of the Kleiner Gleichberg and the hills north of it drain via the Werra into the Weser . In the countryside of the Gleichberge are several reservoirs: the Buchenhof , Haina , Römhild , Roth I and Roth II . In 2011, the Roth I reservoir was drained due to safety concerns with

64-766: The Rhine-Weser watershed between the Vogelsberg and Rhön mountains (in the East Hesse Highlands ) and the Lange Berge , where the Thuringian Highland adjoins and the watershed also ends not far from the source of the Werra . Whilst the water of the Milz , which is fed by various headstreams on the eastern side of the saddle between the two mountains, flows towards the southwest via

80-843: The Tertiary is subdivided into the Paleocene (66–56 million years BP ), the Eocene (56–33.9 million years BP), the Oligocene (33–23.9 million years BP), the Miocene (23–5.3 million years BP) and the Pliocene (5.3–2.6 million years BP), extending to the first stage of the Pleistocene , the Gelasian Stage. Giovanni Arduino (geologist) Giovanni Arduino (16 October 1714 – 21 March 1795)

96-706: The Thuringian town of Hildburghausen and the Franconian town of Bad Königshofen . They lie southwest of the Werra valley, roughly east of the village of Römhild , on the northeastern perimeter of the Grabfeld country. West and northwest of the Gleichberge are the Rhön Mountains , to the northeast and east is the Thuringian Forest , to the southeast lie the hills of the Lange Berge , to

112-539: The current geologic time system, but it is essentially the merged Paleogene and Neogene periods, which are informally called the Early Tertiary and the Late Tertiary, respectively. Even though the term Tertiary has been declared obsolete, some high school curriculums still teach the geologic periods as Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, (Cenozoic-)Tertiary and (Cenozoic-)Quaternary. The term Tertiary

128-420: The dam. The other basins are used as fishing lakes and provide irrigation for agriculture. The closely spaced mountains, kuppen and hills of the Gleichberge and its outliers include the following – sorted by height in metres (m) above Normalhöhennull (NHN): Tertiary Tertiary ( / ˈ t ɜːr . ʃ ə . r i , ˈ t ɜː r . ʃ i ˌ ɛr . i / TUR -shə-ree, TUR -shee-err-ee )

144-684: The foothills. Because this arrangement did not always hold true for mountain ranges other than the Alps, the Primary and the Secondary were dropped in the general case. However, the term 'Tertiary' has persisted in geological literature until its recent replacement by the Palaeogene and Neogene periods. The last period of the Cenozoic Era is still known as the Quaternary period. The Cenozoic

160-463: The region to which the designations were originally applied (parts of the Alps and plains of Italy), when the same system was later extended to other parts of Europe and to America, it proved to be inapplicable. Therefore, the use of mollusks was abandoned from the definition and the epochs were renamed and redefined. For much of the time during which the term 'Tertiary' was in formal use, it referred to

176-722: The rocks of the Tertiary being thought to be associated with the Great Flood . In 1833, Charles Lyell incorporated a Tertiary Period into his own, far more detailed system of classification, based on fossil mollusks he collected in Italy and Sicily in 1828-1829. He subdivided the Tertiary Period into four epochs according to the percentage of fossil mollusks resembling modern species found in those strata . He used Greek names: Eocene, Miocene, Older Pliocene, and Newer Pliocene. Although these divisions seemed adequate for

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192-576: The south are the Haßberge Hills and to the southwest is the region of Grabfeld , to which the Gleichberge belong and of which they are its highest peaks. At the foot of the Großer Gleichberg is the village of Gleichamberg . The almost entirely wooded Gleichberge extend for eight kilometres from north to south and three kilometres from east to west. Their two peaks are just under three kilometres apart. The Kleiner Gleichberg lies on

208-725: The span of time between 65 and 1.8 million years ago. The end date of the Cretaceous and the start date of the Quaternary were subsequently redefined at c. 66 and 2.6 million years ago respectively. The Tertiary period lies between the Mesozoic Era and the Quaternary Period , although it is no longer recognized as a formal unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy . The span of

224-476: Was an Italian geologist who is known as the "Father of Italian Geology ". Arduino was born at Caprino Veronese , Veneto . He was a mining specialist who developed possibly the first classification of geological time, based on study of the geology of northern Italy . He divided the history of the Earth into three periods: Primitive, Secondary, and Tertiary . The scheme proposed by Arduino in 1759, which

240-459: Was based on much study of rocks of the southern Alps , grouped the rocks into four series. These were (in addition to the Volcanic or Quaternary) as follows: the Primary series, which consisted of schists from the core of the mountains; the Secondary, which consisted of the hard sedimentary rocks on the mountain flanks; and the Tertiary, which consisted of the less hardened sedimentary rocks of

256-527: Was first used by Giovanni Arduino during the mid-18th century. He classified geologic time into primitive (or primary), secondary, and tertiary periods based on observations of geology in Northern Italy . Later a fourth period, the Quaternary , was applied. In the early development of the study of geology, the periods were thought by scriptural geologists to correspond to the Biblical narrative,

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