43-466: Business Is Business (stylized in all caps ) is the third studio album by American rapper Young Thug . It was released on June 23, 2023, through YSL Records and was distributed by Atlantic Records and 300 Entertainment . The album features guest appearances from Drake , Future , 21 Savage , Travis Scott , Yak Gotti, Lil Uzi Vert , BSlime, Lil Gotit and Nate Ruess . American record producer and album executive producer Metro Boomin 's version of
86-689: A commonly preferred alternative to all caps text is the use of small caps to emphasise key names or acronyms (for example, Text in Small Caps ), or the use of italics or (more rarely) bold . In addition, if all caps must be used it is customary to slightly widen the spacing between the letters, by around 10 per cent of the point height. This practice is known as tracking or letterspacing. Some digital fonts contain alternative spacing metrics for this purpose. Messages completely in capital letters are often equated on social media to shouting and other impolite or argumentative behaviors. This became
129-483: A computer program shouting at its user. Information technology journalist Lee Hutchinson described Microsoft's using the practice as "LITERALLY TERRIBLE ... [it] doesn't so much violate OS X's design conventions as it does take them out behind the shed, pour gasoline on them, and set them on fire." In programming, writing in all caps (possibly with underscores replacing spaces ) is an identifier naming convention in many programming languages that symbolizes that
172-495: A delicate scanning of characters (from a damaged image that needs further contextual text correction). Depending on the typeface , these similarities accidentally create various duplicates (even quite briefly and without realizing it when reading). E.g. H/A, F/E or I/T by adding a bar; P/R, O/Q, even C/G from similar errors; V/U, D/O, even B/S while rounding the shape; and more deformations implying mixings. Adding digits in all caps styled texts may multiply these confusions, which
215-524: A free publication to campuses, community radio stations, bars, concert halls, record stores, cinemas, libraries, coffee shops, convenience stores and street vending boxes. It is also available with a home mail delivery subscription. Danzig has attributed the magazine's survival in part to the fact that the internet ushered in an era of "free culture" in the late 1990s, meaning that the magazine never had to change its existing business model or alienate readers by introducing paywalls . In 2023, The Ubyssey ,
258-591: A little too brooding." Paul A. Thompson of Pitchfork wrote, " Business Is Business , perhaps due to its nature as a cobbled-together collection from someone who can't access a recording studio, even to comb through his vaults, frequently recalls Thug's loosest, most apparently improvisatory work. It's all the more compelling for it." Business Is Business debuted at two on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 89,000 album-equivalent units (including 9,000 pure sales) in its first week. The album also accumulated
301-399: A mainstream interpretation with the advent of networked computers, from the 1980s onward. However, a similar interpretation was already evidenced by written sources that predated the computing era, in some cases by at least a century, and the textual display of shouting or emphasis was still not a settled matter by 1984. The following sources may be relevant to the history of all caps: Before
344-588: A month. In addition to music, the magazine also covers film and comedy. Exclaim! began as a discussion among campus and community radio programmers at Ryerson 's CKLN-FM in 1991. It was started by then-CKLN programmer Ian Danzig, together with other programmers and Toronto musicians. The goal of the publication was to support great Canadian music that was otherwise going unheralded. The group worked through 1991 to produce their first issue in April 1992, with monthly issues being produced since. Ian Danzig has been
387-499: A normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an average score of 64, based on five reviews. In a mixed review, Mark Braboy of Rolling Stone wrote "The title Business Is Business feels appropriate. Thug's performance is just that. Strictly business. Eerily, the album's hodge-podge quality has the feel of a posthumous LP made by someone who is still alive. The boundary-pushing, dress-rocking, unpredictable superstar we've watched evolve over
430-532: A slowed speed is possible – but in principle too many factors of low legibility are involved." Other critics are of the opinion that all caps letters in text are often "too tightly packed against each other". Besides the aforementioned speed of reading, all caps is can be prone to character -based ambiguities. Namely, the upper-case letters are globally simpler than their lower-case counterpart. For example, they lack ascenders and descenders . Since they are built from fewer positional and building elements (e.g.
473-416: A smaller grid pertaining to minimalist digital fonts), they are more fragile to small changes. These variations, generally involuntary but sometimes induced on purpose, are caused by a misinterpretation (the information is transferred) or by a deterioration (the data is lost, in the analysis wording). They can occur horizontally and/or vertically, while misreading (without this extra effort or time), or during
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#1732782645462516-663: A term is conspicuous, we look at more than formatting. A term that appears in capitals can still be inconspicuous if it is hidden on the back of a contract in small type. Terms that are in capitals but also appear in hard-to-read type may flunk the conspicuousness test. A sentence in capitals, buried deep within a long paragraph in capitals will probably not be deemed conspicuous...it is entirely possible for text to be conspicuous without being in capitals. Certain musicians—such as Marina , Finneas , who are both known mononymously, and MF DOOM —as well as some bands such as Haim and Kiss —have their names stylised in all caps. Additionally, it
559-549: A total of 106.32 million on-demand streams of the album's songs. The album is Thug's ninth top-ten debut and his first to not reach the number one section on the Billboard 200. All caps In typography , text or font in all caps (short for " all capitals ") contains capital letters without any lowercase letters. For example: THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG. All-caps text can be seen in legal documents, advertisements , newspaper headlines , and
602-403: Is an "apparent consensus" that lower-case text is more legible, but that some editors continue to use all caps in text regardless. In his studies of all caps in headlines , he states that, "Editors who favor capitals claim that they give greater emphasis. Those who prefer lower case claim their preferences gives greater legibility." Wheildon, who informs us that "When a person reads a line of type,
645-615: Is common for bands with vowelless names (a process colourfully known as " disemvoweling ") to use all caps, with prominent examples including STRFKR , MSTRKRFT , PWR BTTM , SBTRKT , JPNSGRLS (now known as Hotel Mira), BLK JKS , MNDR , and DWNTWN . Miles Tinker , renowned for his landmark work, Legibility of Print , performed scientific studies on the legibility and readability of all-capital print. His findings were as follows: All-capital print greatly retards speed of reading in comparison with lower-case type. Also, most readers judge all capitals to be less legible. Faster reading of
688-435: Is less legible and readable than lower-case text. In addition, switching to all caps may make text appear hectoring and obnoxious for cultural reasons, since all-capitals is often used in transcribed speech to indicate that the speaker is shouting. All-caps text is common in comic books, as well as on older teleprinter and radio transmission systems, which often do not indicate letter case at all. In professional documents,
731-662: Is one aim of Leet (intentional pseudo duplicates) and can provide simple means of concealing messages (often numbers). Exclaim! Exclaim! is a Canadian music and entertainment publisher based in Toronto , which features coverage of new music across all genres with a special focus on Canadian and emerging artists. The monthly Exclaim! print magazine publishes seven issues per year, distributing over 103,000 copies to over 2,600 locations across Canada. The magazine has an average of 361,200 monthly readers and their website, exclaim.ca, has an average of 675,000 unique visitors
774-566: The ASCII table , so can display both alphabets, but all caps only. Mikrosha is switchable to KOI-7N1, in this mode, it can display both caps and lower-case, but in Cyrillic only. Other Soviet computers, such as BK0010 , MK 85 , Corvette and Agat-9 , use 8-bit encoding called KOI-8R, they can display both Cyrillic and Latin in caps and lower-case. Many, but not all NES games use all caps because of tile graphics, where charset and tiles share
817-573: The 1990s, more than three-quarters of newspapers in the western world used lower-case letters in headline text. Discussion regarding the use of all caps for headlines centers on the greater emphasis offered by all caps versus the greater legibility offered by lower-case letters. Colin Wheildon conducted a scientific study with 224 readers who analyzed various headline styles and concluded that "Headlines set in capital letters are significantly less legible than those set in lower case." All caps typography
860-452: The 5 and 10-minute time limits, and 13.9 percent for the whole 20-minute period". Tinker concluded that, "Obviously, all-capital printing slows reading to a marked degree in comparison with Roman lower case." Tinker provides the following explanations for why all capital printing is more difficult to read: Text in all capitals covers about 35 percent more printing surface than the same material set in lower case. This would tend to increase
903-876: The Exclaim! Questionnaire, Music School, Canadian Cannabis Heroes coverage and more. Exclaim! covers film festivals, such as the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), the Sundance Film Festival , Hot Docs Documentary Film Festival , and the Toronto After Dark Film Festival , and publishing interviews with a number of high-profile directors and movie stars. Its comedy section, similarly, focuses on profiles and interviews with established and up-and-coming stand-up comedians. The magazine's website also has contests where readers can enter for
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#1732782645462946-481: The album doesn't have a lot of replay value besides a few stand-out songs like the Drake-featuring " Oh U Went " and "Went Thru It," which is led mainly by the strength of Metro Boomin's production." Reviewing for HipHopDX , Dash Lewis praised the production of the album, stating "More than anything, Business is a triumph for Metro Boomin's curatorial skills, earning his executive producer credit by guiding
989-645: The album was released four days later on June 27, 2023, and is the tracklist that he originally envisioned, along with bonus tracks. It features additional guest appearances from the late Juice Wrld and Nicki Minaj . Production on the album was handled by Metro Boomin, Wheezy , London on da Track , Dr. Luke , FnZ , Allen Ritter , Dre Moon , F1lthy , Southside , Bobby Raps , and among others. Business Is Business marks Young Thug's first and only project since his arrest on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) charges in May 2022, in which he released
1032-490: The album while in jail. It serves as the follow-up to his previous album, Punk (2021). On May 9, 2022, Young Thug was arrested in a massive gang indictment alongside multiple other affiliates of his record label, Young Stoner Life , with one of them notably being fellow American rapper Gunna , who turned himself in two days later, and also Yak Gotti, who also appears on the album. The 28 defendants were later charged with 56 counts related to gang activity and racketeering. At
1075-451: The album's greyscale sound. Metro provides the lion's share of the beats, but the other producers he recruits — Wheezy, Aviator Keyyz, F1LTHY — match the unsteady atmosphere", but also wrote "There isn't much more context to be found in the music, which isn't nearly as fun or inventive as his previous work. It's unclear exactly what Thug was trying to communicate here; if it's meant to be a good bit of escapism, both for artist and audience, it's
1118-462: The development of lower-case letters in the 8th century, texts in the Latin alphabet were written in a single case, which is now considered to be capital letters. Text in all caps is not widely used in body copy . The main exception to this is the so-called fine print in legal documents. Capital letters have been widely used in printed headlines from the early days of newspapers until the 1950s. In
1161-534: The evidence that all-capital printing retards speed of reading to a striking degree in comparison with lower case and is not liked by readers, it would seem wise to eliminate such printing whenever rapid reading and consumer (reader) views are of importance. Examples of this would include any continuous reading material, posters, bus cards, billboards, magazine advertising copy, headings in books, business forms and records, titles of articles, books and book chapters, and newspaper headlines. Colin Wheildon stated that there
1204-626: The executive producer of the album, later shared the announcement on his social media in support of the rapper. He had previously posted a QR code leading to a countdown on his website with the album title and tagged Thug on June 16. The clock was also shared by fellow rappers and producers Drake , Chance the Rapper , Gunna , Don Toliver , Quavo , Doe Boy , Lil Durk , 21 Savage , G Herbo , Ty Dolla Sign , Chase B , London on da Track , Southside and Wheezy . Business Is Business received generally favorable reviews. At Metacritic , which assigns
1247-538: The eye recognizes letters by the shapes of their upper halves", asserts that recognizing words in all caps "becomes a task instead of a natural process". His conclusions, based on scientific testing in 1982–1990, are: "Headlines set in capital letters are significantly less legible than those set in lower case." John Ryder , in the Case for Legibility , stated that "Printing with capital letters can be done sufficiently well to arouse interest and, with short lines, reading at
1290-569: The given identifier represents a constant . A practice exists (most commonly in Francophone countries) of distinguishing the surname from the rest of a personal name by stylizing the surname only in all caps. This practice is also common among Japanese, when names are spelled using Roman letters. In April 2013, the U.S. Navy moved away from an all caps-based messaging system, which was begun with 1850s-era teleprinters that had only uppercase letters. The switch to mixed-case communications
1333-567: The lower-case print is due to the characteristic word forms furnished by this type. This permits reading by word units, while all capitals tend to be read letter by letter. Furthermore, since all-capital printing takes at least one-third more space than lower case, more fixation pauses are required for reading the same amount of material. The use of all capitals should be dispensed with in every printing situation. According to Tinker, "As early as 1914, Starch reported that material set in Roman lower case
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1376-523: The opportunity to add marginal notes emphasising key points. Legal writing expert Bryan A. Garner has described the practice as "ghastly". A 2020 study found that all-caps in legal texts is ineffective and is, in fact, harmful to older readers. In 2002, a US court spoke out against the practice, ruling that simply making text all-capitals has no bearing on whether it is clear and easily readable: Lawyers who think their caps lock keys are instant "make conspicuous" buttons are deluded. In determining whether
1419-430: The publisher of the magazine since its start. James Keast served as editor in chief until 2020. The magazine had no official name for its first year of operations, with only the !☆@# logo appearing on the cover, and introduced the name Exclaim! after Danzig realized that its growth and appeal to advertisers were being limited by a reader tendency to refer to it as Fuck . The magazine is distributed across Canada as
1462-489: The reading time. When this is combined with the difficulty in reading words in all-capital letters as units, the hindrance to rapid reading becomes marked. In the eye-movement study by Tinker and Patterson, the principal difference in oculomotor patterns between lower case and all capitals was the very large increase in number of fixation pauses for reading the all-capital print. All caps text should be eliminated from most forms of composition, according to Tinker: Considering
1505-572: The same ROM. Game designers often choose to have less characters in favor of more tiles. With the advent of the bulletin board system , or BBS, and later the Internet, typing messages in all caps commonly became closely identified with "shouting" or attention-seeking behavior, and may be considered rude. Its equivalence to shouting traces back to at least 1984 and before the Internet, back to printed typography usage of all capitals to mean shouting. For this reason, etiquette generally discourages
1548-536: The student newspaper of the University of British Columbia , parodied Exclaim! with a year-end spoof issue titled Explain! The magazine's website is updated daily with the latest news, reviews, interviews, premieres and features. The site reaches over 675,000 unique users every month. There are also a number of recurring content series, including the monthly the Eh! List Spotify playlist, New Faves emerging artists,
1591-484: The time of the release of the album, he was still incarcerated and has been denied bond several times. Thug has since pleaded not guilty to the charges against him. His trial started in July 2023. In reference to the situation, the album cover depicts Thug in a courtroom surrounded by co-defendants. The record was announced on the rapper's social media on June 22, 2023. American record producer Metro Boomin , who also serves as
1634-425: The titles on book covers. Short strings of words in capital letters appear bolder and "louder" than mixed case, and this is sometimes referred to as "screaming" or "shouting". All caps can also be used to indicate that a given word is an acronym . Studies have been conducted on the readability and legibility of all caps text. Scientific testing from the 20th century onward has generally indicated that all caps text
1677-581: The use of all caps when posting messages online. While all caps can be used as an alternative to rich-text "bolding" for a single word or phrase, to express emphasis, repeated use of all caps can be considered "shouting" or irritating. Some aspects of Microsoft's Metro design language involve the use of all caps headings and titles. This has received particular attention when menu and ribbon titles appeared in all caps in Visual Studio 2012 and Office 2013 , respectively. Critics have compared this to
1720-530: The years feels significantly diminished here. Whatever the spark the music has is largely carried by his guests" and "Such moments excepted, the content of Business Is Business feels bland, especially for an expectations-thwarting artist like Thug". Paul Attard of Slant Magazine wrote, "Bizarre vocalic inflections and utterances aside, Business Is Business also abounds in Thug's trademark outlandish songwriting quirks." Vernon Ayiku of Exclaim! stated, "Overall,
1763-643: Was common on teletype machines, such as those used by police departments, news, and the United States' then-called Weather Bureau , as well as early computers, such as certain early Apple II models and the ZX81 , which had a limited support for lower-case text. This changed as full support of ASCII became standard, allowing lower-case characters. Some Soviet computers , such as Radio-86RK , Vector-06C , Agat-7 , use 7-bit encoding called KOI-7N2, where capital Cyrillic letters replace lower-case Latin letters in
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1806-496: Was estimated to save the Navy $ 20 million a year and is compliant with current Internet protocol. An antiquated practice that still remains in use, especially by older American lawyers who grew up before the arrival of computers, is to use all caps text for text that is legally required to be emphasised and clearly readable. The practice dates to the period of typewriters, which generally did not offer bold text, small capitals, or
1849-427: Was read somewhat faster than similar material printed in all capitals." Another study in 1928 showed that "all-capital text was read 11.8 percent slower than lower case, or approximately 38 words per minute slower", and that "nine-tenths of adult readers consider lower case more legible than all capitals". A 1955 study by Miles Tinker showed that "all-capital text retarded speed of reading from 9.5 to 19.0 percent for
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