Graham Bell Island ( Russian : Остров Греэм-Белл , Ostrov Greem-Bell ) is an island in the Franz Josef Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean , and is administratively part of Arkhangelsk Oblast , Russia .
15-419: Graham Bell Island is one of the largest islands of the group. It lies east of Wilczek Land , separated from it by a narrow sound known as Morgan Sound ( Пролив Моргана ; Proliv Morgana). It is also the easternmost island of Franz Josef Land. Cape Kohlsaat , the easternmost point of the archipelago at 81°14′N, 65°10′E, lies on Graham Bell Island's eastern shore. Cape Kohlsaat marks the northwesternmost corner of
30-535: A marker commemorating the discovery of the archipelago . Cape Tegetthoff was named after the main ship of the Austro-Hungarian explorers, which had been named in honor of Austrian admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff . Hall Island is almost completely covered by glaciers . Its highest point is 502 m (1,647 ft) and it is the summit of the Kupol Moskvy ice dome that covers the central part of
45-537: A stopover and refueling base. The base was shut down completely in 1994. It began falling into ruins and was subsequently closed to normal visitors. In May 2012, the Russian Air Force announced it would reopen Graham Bell Airfield as part of a series of reopenings of air bases in the Arctic. Wilczek Land Wilczek Land ( Russian : Земля Вильчека ; Zemlya Vil'cheka , German : Wilczek-Land ),
60-624: Is 1,049 km (405 sq mi) and it is one of the largest islands in the group. There is a wide bay on the southeastern side of Hall Island known as Hydrographer Bay and a smaller one west of the Littrov Peninsula called Bukhta Surovaya. Hall Island is located very close to the eastern shores of McClintock Island , separated from it by a narrow sound. To the southeast there is a wider strait separating Hall Island from Salm Island , known in Russian as Proliv Lavrova. The strait to
75-620: Is also part of the Franz Josef Archipelago and is named after the shape, not the person. Graham Bell Island was discovered on 2 May 1899 by a sledging party of the Wellman expedition composed of Evelyn Briggs Baldwin [ de ] , Daniel Johansen, Emil Ellefsen, Olaf Ellefsen, and Paul Bjørvig. It is home to a Cold War outpost and to the airfield Greem Bell ( 81°09′N 64°17′E / 81.150°N 64.283°E / 81.150; 64.283 ) on
90-667: Is an island in the Arctic Ocean at 80°35′N 60°30′E / 80.58°N 60.5°E / 80.58; 60.5 . At 2,000 km (770 sq mi) it is the second-largest island in Franz Josef Land , in Arctic Russia. This island should not be confused with the small Wilczek Island , "Остров Вильчека", located south-west of Salm Island , also in the Franz Josef group and named after
105-477: Is the second largest island of the Franz Josef Archipelago, at 2203 km . It is almost completely glacierized except for two narrow areas along its western shores. The highest point on the island is 606 metres (1,988 feet). Cape Ganza ( Mys Ganza ) is Wilczek Land's westernmost cape. The channel to the west, between Wilczek Land and Gallya , is known as Avstriyskyy Proliv (Австрийский пролив). The Kupol Arktirazvedki (Купол Арктиразведки) ice dome covers
120-484: The Kara Sea and is a significant geographical landmark , and it is partly glacierized. The highest point of Graham Bell Island, 509 m (1,670 ft), is the summit of Kupol Vetrenyy (Купол Ветреный) "Windy Dome", a large ice dome covering the western part of the island. This island was named after inventor Alexander Graham Bell . Graham Bell Island should not be confused with the smaller Bell Island which
135-461: The Northeastern end of the island. It is the largest airfield in the archipelago. It has a runway 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) long. Russian cargo and fighter aircraft have regularly landed here since the 1950s. The runway was usable only in the 8 months of the year with sufficiently frozen ground. Before it was shut down, it was also used for tourist helicopter trips around the Russian arctic as
150-575: The eastern central area of the island. To the southwest of it flows the Znamenity Glacier ( Lednik Znamenityy ), which has its terminus on the southern coast, east of the "Cloudy Dome" Kupol Oblachnyy (Купол Облачный) ice dome at the southern end of the island. Hall Island (Arctic) Hall Island ( Russian : Остров Галля; Ostrov Gallya ) is an island of the Russian Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land . Hall Island
165-519: The island. Besides the ice dome there is a glacier with its terminus in the southern shore, the Sonklar Glacier . The only relatively large areas free of permanent ice are located at its southern end, where there are two headlands: Cape Tegetthoff, and also Cape Ozyornyy, on Littrov Peninsula. There is also a very small unglaciated area around its eastern cape, Mys Frankfurt, and another at its northwestern point, Cape Wiggins. Hall Island's area
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#1732765196884180-697: The northeastern part of the island. On the western side of the Arktirazvedki ice dome there are two glaciers , the Stremitelny Glacier (Lednik Stremitel’nyy) "Rushing Glacier", and the Molochny Glacier (Lednik Molochnyy) "Milky Glacier" to its west, both having their terminus on the northern shore. Further to the south the Kupol Tindalya (Купол Тиндаля) ice dome, named after Irish glaciologist John Tyndall , covers
195-606: The same person. The second largest island (after Zemlya Georga ) in the Franz Josef Land archipelago is named after Austro-Hungarian Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek . Although he himself never visited the archipelago, Count Hans Wilczek was the most important sponsor of the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition to Franz Josef Land that discovered the island in 1873. Cape Heller ( Mys Geller ) ( 80°46′N 59°36′E / 80.767°N 59.600°E / 80.767; 59.600 )
210-620: Was discovered on 30 August 1873, by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition , and named after American Arctic explorer Charles Francis Hall . It was the first island of the Franz Josef group that the expedition discovered and, after the smaller Wilczeck Island, the first major island on which they set foot. A small camp was built at Cape Tegetthoff in 1898 by the Walter Wellman expedition. It contains
225-417: Was the wintering site for two Norwegians, Paul Bjørvig and Bernt Bentsen, members of the 1898–99 Wellman Expedition , while their team led by Walter Wellman stayed in the main camp at Cape Tegetthoff on Hall Island to the south. Bentsen died during the winter, and Bjørvig kept the dead body of his friend in their joint sleeping bag for 55 days, until the rest of the team came to his rescue. Wilczek Land
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