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75-559: In 1979, Jonathan F.P. Rose founded Gramavision in Katonah , New York. The early catalog consisted of free jazz by Ray Anderson , John Carter , Anthony Davis , and Bobby Previte ; jazz fusion by John Scofield ; funk by Medeski Martin & Wood ; reggae by Oliver Lake ; and soul by Jamaaladeen Tacuma . After it was bought by Rykodisc , the label's headquarters moved to Salem , Massachusetts. in 1995, Gramavision released albums by Peter Apfelbaum , Bill Frisell , Ron Miles , and

150-689: A Masters in Regional Planning from the University of Pennsylvania After graduate school, Rose joined his family's real estate company, Rose Associates, in 1976 to learn the practice of development. In 1979-80, he developed the American Thread Building, a live/work residential community that included computers and a data bank in each unit. When New York City's Mayor Koch called for assistance in developing affordable housing, Rose Associates obtained development rights for

225-574: A domino effect . Police statistics show that as the crime wave moved north across the Bronx, the remaining White tenants in the South Bronx (mostly elderly Jews) were preferentially targeted for violent crime by the influx of young, minority criminals because they were seen as easy prey. This became so common that the street slang terms "crib job" (meaning how elderly residents were as helpless as infants) and "push in" (meaning what would now be called

300-494: A home invasion robbery ) were coined specifically in reference to them. Property owners who had waited too long to try to sell their buildings found that almost all of the property in the South Bronx had already been redlined by the banks and insurance companies. Unable to sell their property at any price and facing default on back property taxes and mortgages, landlords began to burn their buildings for their insurance value. A type of sophisticated white collar criminal known as

375-631: A jazz and New Music label. Rose has written several books including The Well Tempered City: What Modern Science, Ancient Civilizations and Human Behavior Teach Us About the Future of Urban Life . Rose was born in New Rochelle, New York , the son of Sandra (née Priest) and Frederick P. Rose of Harrison, New York , a Jewish family; he was raised in Scarsdale, New York . His grandfather, Samuel B. Rose , and great-uncle, David Rose , founded

450-455: A "fixer" sprung up during this period, specializing in a form of insurance fraud that began with buying out the property of redlined landlords at or below cost, then selling and reselling the buildings multiple times on paper between several different fictitious shell companies under the fixer's control, artificially driving up the value incrementally each time. Fraudulent "no questions asked" fire insurance policies would then be taken out on

525-492: A HUD employee before being signed off on, very little investigation was done and some HUD employees and social services workers were accused of turning a blind eye to suspicious fires or even advising tenants on the best way to take advantage of the HUD policies. On multiple occasions, firefighters were reported to have shown up to tenement fires only to find all the residents at an address waiting calmly with their possessions already on

600-497: A better part of the city. After the establishment of the (then) state-of-the-art Co-op City , there was a spike in fires as tenants began burning down their Section 8 housing in an attempt to jump to the front of the 2–3 year long waiting list for the new units. HUD regulations also authorized lump-sum aid payments of up to $ 1000 to those who could prove they had lost property due to a fire in their Section 8 housing; although these payments were supposed to be investigated for fraud by

675-467: A conference at the headquarters of the United Nations . Charlotte Street at the time was a three-block devastated area of vacant lots and burned-out and abandoned buildings. The street had been so ravaged that part of it had been taken off official city maps in 1974. Carter instructed Patricia Roberts Harris , head of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development , to take steps to salvage

750-414: A song, often without vocals, which were easy to dance to, of popular songs. DJ Kool Herc is known for generating the technique to produce these percussive breaks, which is known as merry-go-rounding. Merry-go-rounding when DJs would "use the two turntables in a typical DJ setup not as a way to make a smooth transition between two records, but as a way to switch back and forth repeatedly between two copies of

825-407: A stagnant economy and an extremely high unemployment rate, produced a strong attraction for criminal elements such as street gangs , which were exploding in number and beginning to support themselves with large-scale drug dealing in the area. The abandoned property also attracted large numbers of squatters such as the poor and marginalized, drug addicts and the mentally ill , who further lowered

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900-587: A subsidiary of Rykodisc , producing over 75 jazz and new music recordings of artists including Taj Mahal , the Kronos Quartet , and John Scofield . In 1986, he became a founding board member for Jazz at Lincoln Center and was in charge of the design and construction of its home, the Frederick P. Rose Hall. In 1989, he left Rose Associates and founded Jonathan Rose Companies, a national development, owners' representative and investment firm. The firm

975-479: A very strong graffiti scene despite the city's crackdown on illegal graffiti. However, graffiti in the Bronx began to occur in the early 1970s and managed to travel to different boroughs via the New York City Subway system. The rise of hip-hop music , rap , breakdancing , and disc jockeying helped put the South Bronx on the musical map in the late 1970s. The South Bronx is also known worldwide as

1050-776: Is a developer of green, affordable and mix-income housing, known for its Via Verde housing project in the South Bronx , a joint venture with Phipps Houses, and Highlands' Garden Village, a mixed use mixed income urban infill community in Denver, Colorado . The firm's planning work is focused on facilities for lower income families and addressing environmental issues. As project managers, the firm works with cities and not-for-profits on projects such as Signature Theater on 42nd St. in New York City, The Orchestra of St Luke 's DiMenna Center for Classical Music, The Irish Arts Center, and

1125-506: Is hope that these developments also will help to generate residential construction. However, the new park came at a price: a total of 22 acres (89,000 m ) in Macombs Dam and John Mullaly Parks were used to build it. In April 2012, Heritage Field, a $ 50.8 million ballpark, was built atop the grounds of the original Yankee Stadium. The population of the South Bronx is currently increasing. Despite significant investment compared to

1200-586: Is now known to have been a significant factor in the extreme urban decay seen by the borough in the 1970s and 1980s. Cutting through the heart of the South Bronx, the highway displaced thousands of residents from their homes, as well as several local businesses. The neighborhood of East Tremont , in particular, was completely destroyed by the Expressway. Others have argued that the construction of such highways has not harmed communities. The already poor and working-class neighborhoods were further disadvantaged by

1275-472: Is the author of The Well-Tempered City: What Modern Science, Ancient Civilizations, and Human Nature Teach Us About the Future of Urban Life, published by Harper Wave in September 2016. Rose proposes a methodology built on five qualities: coherence, circularity, resilience, community, and compassion. Siddhartha Mukherjee commented that "...this provocative, important, and majestically composed book about

1350-522: Is the new northern border of the South Bronx. The South Bronx is part of New York's 15th Congressional District . The South Bronx is served by the NYPD 's 40th, 41st, 42nd, 44th, and 48th Precincts. The South Bronx was originally called the Manor of Morrisania, and later Morrisania . It was the private domain of the powerful and aristocratic Morris family, which includes Lewis Morris , signer of

1425-520: Is the poorest Congressional district in the United States. Poverty in the public housing infrastructure has partially been caused by disinvestment by the city and state because, since the 1990s, a lack of state-funded operating subsidies to NYCHA created a $ 720 million shortfall by 2010 and, post 9/11, the city halted subsidies as well. The poorly maintained, substandard housing has caused disproportionately high asthma rates among children in

1500-644: The New York Post , the words used by the two broadcasters during the game were later "spun by credulous journalists" into the now ubiquitous phrase "Ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is burning" without either of the two announcers actually having phrased it that way. The early 1970s saw South Bronx property values continue to plummet to record lows. A progressively vicious cycle began where large numbers of tenements and multi-story, multi-family apartment buildings, left vacant by White flight, sat abandoned and unsaleable for long periods of time, which, coupled with

1575-580: The Clusone Trio . This article about a United States record label is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jonathan F.P. Rose Jonathan Frederick Phinneas Rose (born 1952) is an American urban planner and real estate developer. Through his corporation Jonathan Rose Companies, he is known for developing communities that are considered affordable and environmentally-responsible. Apart from his involvement in various aspects of property, Rose has founded Gramavision Records ,

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1650-613: The Declaration of Independence , and Gouverneur Morris , the penman of the United States Constitution . The Morris memorial is at St. Ann's Church of Morrisania . Morris' descendants own land in the South Bronx to this day. As the Morrises developed their landholdings, an influx of German and Irish immigrants populated the area. Later, the Bronx was considered the " Jewish Borough," and at its peak in 1930

1725-685: The Garrison Institute "to connect the wisdom of the contemplative traditions with social and environmental action." He sits on the boards of Enterprise Community Partners, the Brooklyn Academy of Music , and is an honorary board member of the Natural Resources Defense Council , the American Museum of Natural History , and Jazz at Lincoln Center. In 2007, he was named commission chair of

1800-681: The Grand Concourse , were progressively vacated by White flight and either abandoned altogether or converted into federally funded single room occupancy " welfare hotels " run by absentee slumlords . The massive citywide spending cuts also left the few remaining building inspectors and fire marshals unable to enforce living standards or punish code violations. This encouraged slumlords and absentee landlords to neglect and ignore their property and allowed for gangs to set up protected enclaves and lay claim to entire buildings. This then spread crime and fear of crime to nearby unaffected apartments in

1875-688: The Rock Steady Crew , the New York City Breakers and the Magnificent Force. On July 5, 2007, 1520 Sedgwick Avenue was recognized by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation as the "Birthplace of Hip-Hop." The New York City Department of Education operates district public schools. Community School Districts 7, 8, 9, and 12 are located in the South Bronx. Among

1950-532: The 1970s, with many residents reporting being burnt out of numerous apartment blocks one after the other. Other fires were caused by unsafe electrical wiring, fires set indoors for heating, and random vandalism associated with the general crime situation. Flawed HUD and city policies also encouraged local South Bronx residents to burn down their own buildings. Under the regulations, Section 8 tenants who were burned out of their current housing were granted immediate priority status for another apartment, potentially in

2025-466: The 1970s—it was verified to be the place where one of the pivotal and formative events occurred that spurred hip hop culture forward. During a rally to save the building, DJ Kool Herc said, "1520 Sedgwick is the Bethlehem of Hip-Hop culture." Many dwellings in the South Bronx during the early 1970s lived in poverty or were part of gangs. One example of this is Afrika Bambaataa , a former member of

2100-422: The Bronx . Block parties incorporated DJs who played popular genres of music, especially funk and soul music . For example, many DJs played music by the artist James Brown . Some songs played at these South Bronx house parties included "Give it Up or Turn it Loose" by James Brown and "Get Ready" by Rare Earth. Due to the positive reception, DJs began isolating the percussive breaks, or small portions of

2175-487: The Bronx experienced some of its worst instances of urban decay , with the loss of 300,000 residents and the destruction of entire city blocks' worth of buildings. The media attention brought the South Bronx into common parlance nationwide. The phrase "The Bronx is burning," attributed to Howard Cosell during Game 2 of the 1977 World Series featuring the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers , refers to

2250-616: The Dunlop Lecture at Harvard's Joint Center for Housing Studies , titled "The Entwinement of Housing and Wellbeing." He became an honorary member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2014 is. He also held the Yale School of Architecture 's Edward P Bass Distinguished Visiting Architectural Fellowship in 2015. Rose was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from The New School in 2015. In 1977, Rose joined

2325-678: The Green Ribbon Commission of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority . He was a member of New York governor Andrew Cuomo 's NYS 2100 Commission formed in 2012 after Hurricane Sandy . Rose is married to Diana Calthorpe Rose, sister of architect Peter Calthorpe . They have two daughters, Ariel Flores Zurofsky (born 1973 during Calthorpe's previous marriage), and artist Rachel Rose (born 1986). Rose describes himself as both Jewish and Buddhist stating "I think Buddhism has really advanced

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2400-445: The HUD rate was not based on the property's actual value and was set so low by the city that it left little opportunity or incentive for landlords to maintain or improve their buildings while still making a profit. The result was a disastrous acceleration of both the speed and northward spread of the cycle of decay in the South Bronx as formerly desirable and well-maintained middle-to-upper class apartments in midtown, most notably along

2475-580: The Hip-Hop Generation in a section where Chang is discussing why the Zulu Nation formed. The quote by Bambaataa on page 105 of the text states "we had to come up with something to get the order back." As seen within the film The Hip Hop Years: Part 1 , hip-hop aided in keeping violence from forming on the streets of the South Bronx and eased tensions with the police within the area. People were creating art such as hip-hop music and dances at

2550-473: The South Bronx at this point of time as well. 1520 Sedgwick Avenue , an apartment building in Morris Heights , is a long-time "haven for working-class families"; in 2010, The New York Times reported that it is the "accepted birthplace of hip hop ." As hip-hop grew from throughout the Bronx, 1520 was a starting point where Clive Campbell, later known as DJ Kool Herc , presided over parties in

2625-496: The South Bronx went from being two-thirds non-Hispanic white in 1950 to being two-thirds black or Puerto Rican in 1960. Originally denoting only Mott Haven and Melrose , the South Bronx extended up to the Cross Bronx Expressway by the 1960s, encompassing Hunts Point , Morrisania , and Highbridge . The South Bronx was populated largely by working-class families. Its image as a poverty-ridden area developed in

2700-522: The South Bronx, where residents are predominately minorities—mainly Black and Hispanic . Since the late 1970s, the South Bronx has been home to a renewed grassroots art scene. The arts scene that sprouted at the Fashion Moda Gallery, founded by a Viennese artist, Stefan Eins, helped ignite the careers of artists like Keith Haring and Jenny Holzer , and 1980s break dancers like the Rock Steady Crew . It generated enough enthusiasm in

2775-507: The United States. The geographic definitions of the South Bronx have evolved and are disputed but certainly include the neighborhoods of Mott Haven , Melrose , and Port Morris . Originally referring to the industrial area below East 138th Street, the name "South Bronx" symbolically has had its northern boundary shift northward to East 149th Street, East 161st Street , the Cross Bronx Expressway , and Fordham Road over

2850-648: The area around the Atlantic Terminal . Rose was named project developer. In 1984, Rose oversaw the design and approvals of the project, Atlantic Center, conceived of as a large scale green mixed-use, mixed-income communities, with moderate-income housing units to be built under the New York City Partnership New Homes program. Prior to the start of construction, the project was sold to Bruce Ratner 's firm, Forest City/Ratner . In 1979, Rose founded Gramavision Records , now

2925-707: The area. Progress did not come quickly. Three years later, in 1980, presidential candidate Ronald Reagan paid a visit to Charlotte Street, declaring that he had not "seen anything that looked like this since London after the Blitz ". The 1987 novel The Bonfire of the Vanities , by the American writer Tom Wolfe , presented the South Bronx as a nightmare world, not to be entered by middle or upper-class whites. The PBS documentary show Independent Lens released an episode titled "Decade of Fire" on May 3, 2019. The episode

3000-456: The arson epidemic caused by the total economic collapse of the South Bronx during the 1970s. During the game, as ABC switched to a generic helicopter shot of the exterior of Yankee Stadium , an uncontrolled fire could clearly be seen burning in the ravaged South Bronx surrounding the park. Many believe Cosell intoned, "There it is, ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is burning." Review of the game footage shows that he did not say this. According to

3075-789: The birthplace of hip-hop culture . In addition, the Bronx Museum of the Arts is located on the Grand Concourse. Hip hop is a broad conglomerate of artistic forms that originated as a specific street subculture within South Bronx communities during the 1970s in New York City . Hip hop as music and culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African American and Latin Americans residing in

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3150-417: The block parties within the South Bronx, so the police did not have issues with it. Not only was music a major component of hip-hop culture being formulated within the South Bronx during the 1970s, a break dancing or B-boying movement was being generated as well. After DJ Kool Herc and other DJs kept utilizing the break beat within their music, an abundance of people who were dancing normally, eventually hit

3225-497: The board of The Educational Alliance , and served as the head of its real estate committee, overseeing the development of senior, homeless and affordable housing, drug treatment centers, and social services. In 1986, Rose joined Wynton Marsalis and a leadership group to form Jazz at Lincoln Center , of which he was chairman of the executive committee from 1996-2003, and oversaw the design and construction of its home, Frederick P. Rose Hall , named after his father. In 1992, Rose became

3300-438: The borough's quality of living. As the crisis deepened, the nearly bankrupt city government of Abraham Beame placed most of the blame on unreasonably high rents levied by landlords. He began demanding that they convert their rapidly emptying buildings into Section 8 housing . Section 8 paid a per capita stipend for low-income or indigent tenants from Federal HUD funds rather than from the cash-strapped city coffers. However,

3375-585: The chairman of the board of the Greyston Foundation, a community development organization in Yonkers, New York , and lead its growth in the development of affordable housing, social services and job creation and training. In 1999, Rose and his father created the Frederick P. Rose Architectural Fellowship with Enterprise Community Partners , which placed emerging architects in community development organizations. In 2002, Rose and his wife co-founded

3450-434: The community room at a pivotal point in the genre's history. DJ Kool Herc is credited with helping to start hip hop and rap music at a house concert at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue on August 11, 1973. At the concert he was DJing and emceeing in the recreation room of 1520 Sedgwick Avenue. Sources have noted that while 1520 Sedgwick Avenue was not the actual birthplace of hip-hop—the genre developed slowly in several places in

3525-430: The curb. By the time of Cosell's 1977 commentary, dozens of buildings were being burnt in the South Bronx every day, sometimes whole blocks at a time and usually far more than the fire department could keep up with, leaving the area perpetually blanketed in a pall of smoke. Firefighters from the period reported responding to as many as 7 fully involved structure fires in a single shift, too many to even bother returning to

3600-593: The decline in real estate values and lack of investment in the existing housing stock. As early as the late 1960s, some neighborhoods were considered undesirable by homeowners, precipitating a population decline. Postwar rent control policies have also been proposed by one author as a contributing factor; in this milieu, building owners had little motivation to keep up their properties. New York City Mayor John Lindsay (who served from 1966 to 1973) suggested that socioeconomic factors (including low educational attainment and high unemployment) limited housing options for

3675-524: The decline of many South Bronx neighborhoods. Following the implementation of desegregation busing policies, white parents who worried about their children attending the racially integrated schools began to relocate to the suburbs, which remained predominately white due to cost as well as legal barriers created by restrictive housing covenants, and selective lending. In turn, areas of the Bronx that became predominately African American or Hispanic were considered bad risks by lenders (" redlining "), contributing to

3750-667: The decreasing property value, in combination with increasing vacancy rates. While some areas of the South Bronx were racially integrated as early as the 1930's, later larger scale influxes of African Americans immigrants from the American South, combined with the racially-charged tension of the Civil Rights Movement, the rage following the assassination of Martin Luther King, and the dramatic rise in crime rates, further contributed to white middle-class flight and

3825-487: The floor and began what is known as breakdancing. According to the documentary, The Freshest Kids: The History of the B-Boy , break dancing occurred "spontaneously" and consisted of more "sporadic" dance moves. Additionally, a Zulu king and hip-hop historian stated that the dance consisted of "bouncing around, pivoting, turning, twists frontsweeps...". Many who participated in this form of dance were members of crews , such as

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3900-687: The future of cities should be essential reading for our times." The review in the Stanford Social Innovation Review found that the book "overlooks organic and spontaneous responses to urban issues" and offered limited practical advice. The book received a PROSE Award for 'Outstanding Scholarly Work by a Trade Publisher' in 2017. Rose was given the Visionary Leadership Award by the MIT Center for Real Estate in 2010. In September 2014, Rose gave

3975-543: The latter part of the 20th century. There were several factors contributing to the decay of the South Bronx: white flight , landlord abandonment, economic changes, crime , demographics and also the construction of the Cross Bronx Expressway . The Cross Bronx Expressway, completed in 1963, was a part of Robert Moses 's urban renewal project for New York City, funded by the Housing Act of 1949 . The expressway

4050-590: The mainstream media for a short while to draw the art world's attention. The Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance was located in the American Bank Note Company Building in the South Bronx neighborhood of Hunts Point before relocating to St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Westchester Square. Modern graffiti is prominent in the South Bronx, and is home to many of the fathers of graffiti art such as Tats Cru . The Bronx has

4125-551: The neighborhood (and the sole building on Simpson Street) that had not been abandoned or burnt out. In total, over 40% of the South Bronx was burned or abandoned between 1970 and 1980, with 44 census tracts losing more than 50% and seven more than 97% of their buildings to arson, abandonment, or both. The appearance was frequently compared to that of a bombed-out and evacuated European city following World War II . On October 5, 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter paid an unscheduled visit to Charlotte Street while in New York City for

4200-423: The overvalued buildings and the property stripped and burnt for the payoff. This scheme became so common that local gangs were hired by fixers for their expertise at the process of stripping buildings of wiring, plumbing, metal fixtures, and anything else of value and then effectively burning it down with gasoline. Many finishers became extremely rich buying properties from struggling landlords, artificially driving up

4275-467: The overwhelming surge of violent crime, which for the entirety of the 1970s and 1980s made South Bronx the murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault and arson capital of America. By 1980, the 41st Precinct was renamed the " Little House on the Prairie ", as fully 2 ⁄ 3 of the 94,000 residents originally served by the precinct had fled, leaving the fortified building as one of the few structures in

4350-399: The post war period, many exacerbated social problems remain, including high rates of violent crime, substance abuse, and overcrowded and substandard housing conditions. Its precincts have recorded high violent crime rates and are all considered to be New York City Police Department "impact zones." The Bronx contains the highest rate of poverty in New York City, and the greater South Bronx

4425-461: The public schools are charter schools. Success Academies Bronx 1, 2, and 3 are part of Success Academy Charter Schools . An elementary charter school, Academic Leadership Charter School, opened on 141st Street and Cypress Avenue. Area private schools include Cardinal Hayes High School , located at 650 Grand Concourse and All Hallows High School , located at 111 East 164th Street. Among the institutions of higher education, Hostos Community College of

4500-624: The real estate development company Rose Associates in 1928 and built small apartment buildings in the Bronx and then in Manhattan in the 1930s. His father, Frederick P. Rose , who later served as the chairman of Rose Associates, expanded the company with his two brothers, Daniel and Elihu. Rose attended the Horace Mann School and graduated in 1974 from Yale University with a B.A. in Psychology and Philosophy. In 1980, he earned

4575-711: The redevelopment of the New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering campus in Brooklyn. The Jonathan Rose Companies’ Smart Growth Investment Fund was the country’s first real estate fund focused exclusively on acquiring and retrofitting green buildings. The firm now has six investment funds, four of which focus on affordable housing. In 2017, Rose's firm purchased Forest City's national federally subsidized affordable housing portfolio, as well as its affordable housing property management group and its FHA Mortgage operation. Rose

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4650-431: The remaining low-income tenants, prompting the reduced upkeep by landlords. In either case, while desirable housing options were scarce, vacancies further increased. In the late 1960s, by the time the city decided to consolidate welfare households in the South Bronx, its vacancy rate was already the highest of any place in the city. By the 1970s, significant poverty reached as far north as Fordham Road . Around this time,

4725-538: The same record." The technique of percussive breaks was then common in Jamaican dub music , and was largely introduced into New York by immigrants from Jamaica and elsewhere in the Caribbean, including DJ Kool Herc , who is generally considered the father of hip-hop. Upon this, a technique known as Jamaican toasting , or the act of speaking over a beat which later became rapping, was introduced by DJ Kool Herc in

4800-458: The scene. As of 2004, houses on the street were worth up to a million dollars. The Bronx County Courthouse has secured landmark status, and efforts are underway to do the same for much of the Grand Concourse , in recognition of the area's Art Deco architecture. In June 2010, the city Landmarks Preservation Commission gave consideration to the establishment of a historic district on the Grand Concourse from 153rd to 167th Street. A final decision

4875-408: The science of the mind, and Judaism has advanced the process of generosity." South Bronx The South Bronx is an area of the New York City borough of the Bronx . The area comprises neighborhoods in the southern part of the Bronx, such as Concourse , Mott Haven , Melrose , and Port Morris . In the early 1900s, the South Bronx was originally known as the Manor of Morrisania, as it

4950-563: The station house between calls ( Report from Engine Company 82 ). The local police precincts—already struggling and failing to contain the massive wave of drug and gang crime invading the Bronx—had long since stopped bothering to investigate the fires, as there were simply too many to track. During this period, the NYPD's 41st Precinct station house at 1086 Simpson Street became famously known as "Fort Apache, The Bronx" as it struggled to deal with

5025-461: The street gang, The Black Spades, who is now deemed as the god-father of hip-hop. As an effort to end the street violence within the South Bronx, Bambaataa created the Zulu Nation , which is a group founded on the concepts of "Peace, Love, Unity, Having Fun" instead of partaking in gang violence and unlawful activity. Jeff Chang quotes Bambaataa in his text Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of

5100-400: The value, insuring them and then burning them. Often, the properties were still occupied by subsidized tenants or squatters at the time, who were given short or no warning before the building was burnt down. They were forced to move to another slum building, where the process would usually repeat itself. The rate of unsolved fatalities due to fire multiplied sevenfold in the South Bronx during

5175-506: The working class. More than fifty abandoned apartment buildings on the Major Deegan Expressway and the Cross Bronx Expressway were renovated for residential use. Over 26,500 people moved into the area. On Charlotte Street, prefabricated ranch-style houses were built in the area in 1985, and the area changed so significantly that a Bronx borough historian ( Lloyd Ultan ) could not locate where Carter had stopped to survey

5250-516: The years. The neighborhoods of Crotona Park East , Highbridge , Hunts Point , Longwood , Concourse , and Morrisania are sometimes considered part of the South Bronx. Generally, most consider any neighborhood west of the Bronx River and south of the Cross Bronx Expressway the South Bronx. The Cross Bronx Expressway is usually considered the dividing border between North and South Bronx. However, lately, there has been much debate that Fordham Rd

5325-467: Was 49% Jewish. Jews in the South Bronx numbered 364,000 or 57.1% of the total population in the area. The term was first coined in the 1940s by a group of social workers who identified the Bronx's first pocket of poverty , in the Port Morris section, the southernmost section of the Bronx. After World War II , as white flight accelerated and migration of ethnic and racial minorities continued,

5400-402: Was expected in the coming months. Construction of the new Yankee Stadium has stirred controversy over plans which, along with the new billion-dollar field, include new athletic fields, tennis courts, bicycle and walking paths, stores, restaurants, and a new Metro-North Railroad station at East 153rd Street . During baseball season, the station helps ease overcrowding on the subway. There

5475-512: Was previewed at the Full Frame Film Festival the previous month. Primarily beginning in the 1980s, parts of the South Bronx started to experience urban renewal with rehabilitated and new residential structures, including subsidized multifamily townhomes and apartment buildings. Between 1986 and 1994, over $ 1 billion were spent on rebuilding the area, with 19,000 apartments refurbished and more than 4,500 new houses built for

5550-452: Was the manor of Lewis Morris . As the Morris family continued to expand on the land, an influx of German and Irish immigrants started to populate the area. By the 1930s, the Bronx was considered the "Jewish Borough", as nearly half the population was Jewish. This soon changed as World War II caused rent to increase in many apartments, pushing people out. By the end of the 1950s, the South Bronx

5625-424: Was two-thirds African American or Hispanic (of any race). The South Bronx is known for its hip hop culture and graffiti . Graffiti became popular in the Bronx in the early 1970s, spreading through the New York City Subway system. The South Bronx also became notable as the 1974 birthplace of hip-hop music and culture. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the South Bronx is the poorest Congressional district in

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