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68-618: Gran Dorado Resorts was originally found by the owner of the Dutch chain store company Vendex , famous for the Vroom & Dreesmann company. Therefore, the first name of the company was Vendorado. Vendorado Leisure N.V. was founded in 1980, in 1989, the name was changed to Gran Dorado Lesure N.V. At the beginning of 1996, the company had 6 big holiday villages. In the same year, Gran Dorado took over another Dutch holiday villages company, called Creatief Vakantieparken . The company immediately grew to

136-591: A La Place in-house restaurant, a travel agent and an ATM . Larger branches also had a bakery. Vroom & Dreesmann was founded in 1887 by Willem Vroom and Anton Dreesmann. The first branch opened in Weesperstraat in Amsterdam . The company expanded rapidly throughout the Netherlands until 1972. Vroom & Dreesmann was reorganized into Vendex in 1972 and Vendex International in 1982. In 1987,

204-434: A capacity of 30,000. Due to the less successful years that followed, the capacity is now only 8,500 visitors. FC Den Bosch was the first club of Dutch international player Ruud van Nistelrooy . 's-Hertogenbosch is more successful in field hockey. It is home to top club HC Den Bosch . The women's team in particular is a dominant force in the Dutch field hockey competition. The professional basketball club New Heroes Den Bosch

272-579: A combined ATP Tour and WTA Tour grass court tennis event played two weeks before the Wimbledon Championships . The World Archery Championships and World Para Archery Championship were held here in June 2019. During these combined World Championships two separate venues were used: the Parade and the rugby fields of The Dukes. All finals took place in the arena at the Parade. The Parade is

340-462: A company with 40 holiday villages and around 7500 bungalows, and was by then the biggest holiday villages company of Europe. The two companies were operating 2 years under the name Gran Dorado/Creatief , in 1998 the company acquired the new name Gran Dorado N.V. At the beginning of 2002, Pierre & Vacances became the overall owner of the Gran Dorado company. Shortly after, P&V took over

408-681: A controlled-access highway. The situation in Maastricht was only solved in 2016, when the Koning Willem-Alexandertunnel was opened. On the east–west axis 's-Hertogenbosch is on the A59 motorway . The A65 motorway between 's-Hertogenbosch and Tilburg is a regional highway, but is not completely access-controlled. 's-Hertogenbosch railway station is on the Utrecht–Boxtel part of the railway stretch between Amsterdam and

476-498: A cosy atmosphere because of the almost continuous ramparts that still surround it. It has been molded by the multiple rivers that convene on 's-Hertogenbosch, giving the center its strange street plan so different from the usual grid plan where streets meet at right angles. The center is dominated by Saint John's Cathedral ( Sint-Janskathedraal in Dutch ), which dates from c. 1220 and is best known for its Brabantine Gothic design and

544-478: A historic square surrounded by high trees, situated at the foot of the nearly seven-hundred-year-old Saint John's Cathedral in the attractive center of 's-Hertogenbosch. The Zuid-Willemsvaart runs from the Meuse just north of the city towards Maastricht via Helmond and Weert. In 's-Hertogenbosch it runs through the city proper, south east from where a bastion has been cut off from the citadel. Because of this route it

612-649: A number of data science programs at graduate ( MSc ) and post-graduate level ( PhD ). It is a department of the Eindhoven University of Technology and Tilburg University . In secondary education the City Gymnasium is a gymnasium (school) that originated from the Latin school of the city. It is comparable to a grammar school and can trace its origin back 1274. The same type of education and all other types of secondary education are offered by

680-457: A number of large institutes. Religions in 's-Hertogenbosch (2013) Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in 's-Hertogenbosch, with somewhat more than 40% of the population counting themselves as belonging to it. Even so, attendance at mass is significantly lower than 40%. Three churches in the city center are still in use by the Catholic church: Saint John's Cathedral, Saint Catherine and

748-545: A prize meant to stimulate 's-Hertogenbosch to take further action; Hugo van der Steenhoven of the Fietsersbond: " In the past years Den Bosch has spent much energy, ambition, creativity and money to give cycling an enormous boost. This is a big achievement for a city where bicycle use is lower than in the rest of the Netherlands " (cyclist union). 's-Hertogenbosch has multiple vocational universities called Hogeschool in Dutch. The HAS Hogeschool of about 3,500 students

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816-426: A result, yet was allowed to keep the K in its name. In 2005, Vendex KBB changed its name into Maxeda . In 2007, Vroom & Dreesmann was rebranded into V&D and the red, white and blue logo was replaced with a black logo. In 2008, the vd.nl website was launched. From 2010 to 2015, V&D was a subsidiary of Sun Capital Partners . In February 2015, it was unclear whether V&D would continue to exist. Among

884-484: A village a few kilometres south of 's-Hertogenbosch. The city was occupied by German forces during World War II from 1940 to 1945. The railway station was bombed by planes of the Royal Air Force on 16 September 1944. The city was liberated between 24 and 27 October 1944 during Operation Pheasant by British soldiers of Major-General Robert Knox Ross 's 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division following

952-399: Is " Cfb ". (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). The city of 's-Hertogenbosch has become a center of industry, education, administration and culture. It is currently the fourth city of North Brabant . It is home to many national and international businesses such as Heineken , Epic , Tyco International , SAP and many others. The Jeroen Bosch Hospital is the biggest employer in

1020-464: Is actually closer to the city center than that in Rosmalen. 's-Hertogenbosch has attempted to adapt to the growing popularity of the bicycle in Dutch cities. A reasonable amount of bike paths has so far been constructed in the town. In 2011, the city was chosen as Fietsstad 2011 —the top bike city of the Netherlands for 2011. The details of the report were less jubilant and showed that it was really

1088-471: Is also a symbol of the Oeteldonk marsh . It was also a remark aimed at Bishop Godschalk from Den Dungen, where 'Van den Oetelaar' was a common family name. He had wanted to forbid the traditional festivities of Shrove Tuesday that often led to excesses. Oeteldonk is a village and therefore every inhabitant is a farmer or a ' durske ' (a girl or young woman), eliminating class differences. The village

1156-530: Is also very successful. The city's rugby club is called The Dukes and dates from 1974. It is located at a very scenic location at the foot of the city walls. Because of the limited space, the club plays on artificial turf and part of the accommodation is subterranean. The Dukes has the most junior members. It became the national rugby champion in 2008. As regards events the city is host to the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships ,

1224-574: Is dedicated to the work of Hieronymus Bosch . Other museums include the Swan Brothers' House and Museum Slager . Also the National (Dutch) Carnavalsmuseum Oeteldonks gemintemuzejum is located in the city. In the near future a new museum will be opened about the fortresses of the town and in general in Europe. The house where the famous painter Hieronymus produced his paintings can be visited on

1292-467: Is focused on agricultural and food technology. Avans Hogeschool is located in 's-Hertogenbosch and two nearby cities. The AKV St. Joost is an art academy that is now part of Avans and dates back to 1812. Fontys Hogeschool also offers some education in the city. The Jheronimus Academy of Data Science (JADS), located at the Mariënburg Campus in the center of 's-Hertogenbosch, and provides

1360-527: Is headed by the Mayor "Peer vaan den Muggenheuvel tot den Bobberd". Each year the mayor of 's-Hertogenbosch hands over his authority to the Mayor of Oeteldonk. On Sunday at 11:11 AM the Mayor of Oeteldonk then receives Prince Carnaval "Prince Amadeiro XXVI" at Oeteldonk central station. From there a parade of all carnival clubs escorts the company to the town hall. The citizens of 's-Hertogenbosch wear traditional outfits throughout these days. A so-called boerenkiel

1428-419: Is no longer used as a church. The city has one professional football club, FC Den Bosch . It is the 1967 successor of the professional branches of BVV (Bossche Voetbal Vereniging) and Wilhelmina. Both of them still exist as amateur football clubs. As a successor of BVV FC Den Bosch can claim the national championship of 1948. This championship led to the construction of stadium De Vliert , which at one time had

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1496-477: Is one of only a handful that still exist in the Netherlands, and was built when the city was still part of the Spanish Netherlands . It is planned to become the museum of fortress 's-Hertogenbosch. One of the bastions of the fortress now houses the mini museum Bastionder . It has been dug out in a bastion of the south side. On the inside it shows a unique wrought iron cannon, and an older bastion that

1564-589: Is situated on the busy A2 motorway , the most important north–south connection of the Netherlands. This connection was established with the opening of the Dieze Bridge in 1942. From 1961 the Utrecht-'s-Hertogenbosch section was 2 times 2 lanes. In 1970 the A2 was rerouted to the east of the city. In 1989 it finally became a controlled-access highway . In 1996 the section between 's-Hertogenbosch and Eindhoven became

1632-462: Is very similar to colloquial Dutch . De Toonzaal is a music venue for chamber music , improvised music , and experimental music . For popular music there is the venue W2 (or Willem II). The Noordbrabants Museum is a provincial museum with an overview of works that Vincent van Gogh made in Brabant. The Design Museum Den Bosch is a modern art museum. The Jheronimus Bosch Art Center ,

1700-473: Is worn and every year patches are designed according to that years theme which can then be stitched onto the outfit. The boerenkiel is often combined with a traditional farmers bandana and a long scarf in the colors of Oeteldonk. The tradition of the Boerenkiel and / or Bandana is very different from the carnival traditions in the rest of the Netherlands. Other aspects like the parade, the temporary name and

1768-556: The Bossche Bol — effectively a giant profiterole , somewhat larger than a tennis ball, which is filled with whipped cream and coated with chocolate . The spoken language is Maaslands  [ nl ] (the variant spoken in 's-Hertogenbosch is called Bosch which is placed among the Central North Brabantian dialects, although other classification systems also describe it as East Brabantian ), which

1836-476: The Center Parcs -chain from Scottisch & Newcastle. By that time, the two largest holiday villages companies were in the same hands. Halfway through the year, Center Parcs and Gran Dorado merged. The Netherlands Competition Authority did not allow a merger with all 40 holiday villages, so the following was decided: Note: when nothing is written in either the column "Today's owner" or "Today's name", then

1904-596: The European weather loach . The Moerputten sports the Moerputten Bridge , a 600 metre (650 yard) long nineteenth century railway bridge and engineering feat. What is unique about the area is its close proximity to the city center. The city is also the location of the Bolwoningen complex, an array of fifty experimental spherical houses designed by Dries Kreijkamp. The Lutheran Church, 's-Hertogenbosch

1972-547: The Maas river and near the Waal . The city's official name is a contraction of the (archaic) Dutch des Hertogen bosch  — ' the forest of the duke ' . The duke in question was Henry I, Duke of Brabant , whose family had owned a large estate at nearby Orthen for at least four centuries. He founded a new town located on some forested dunes in the middle of a marsh. At age 26, he granted 's-Hertogenbosch city rights and

2040-525: The Prussians in 1814. The next year, 1815, when the United Kingdom of the Netherlands was established, it became the capital of North Brabant . Many newer and more modern fortresses were created in the vicinity of the city. A new canal was built, the 'Zuid-Willemsvaart', which gave the city an economic impulse. Trade, manufacturing and industry grew. Until 1878, it was forbidden to build outside

2108-667: The Reformation changed the course of the city's history. It became an independent bishopric . During the Eighty Years' War , the city took the side of the Habsburg ( Catholic ) authorities and thwarted a Calvinist coup. It was besieged several times by Prince Maurice of Orange , stadtholder of most of the Dutch Republic , who wanted to bring 's-Hertogenbosch under the rule of the rebel United Provinces. The city

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2176-516: The Dutch industrial/tech center near Eindhoven. As a consequence north–south trains depart every ten minutes. On the Tilburg–Nijmegen railway trains run on a more modest schedule. 's-Hertogenbosch railway station is also a major station for Arriva buslines that serve the city and most of its suburbs. Other stations within the limits of the municipality are 's-Hertogenbosch Oost railway station and Rosmalen railway station . Vught railway station

2244-842: The Monastery Church of the Franciscans nearby the railway station. Smaller churches in use by the Roman Catholic church are: Saint Anne's Church in Hintham, Saint Landoline Church in Empel, Saint Willibrord Church in Maaspoort, Saint Lambert Church (Rosmalen), etc. The Protestant religion has seen its share of believers in the city fall from 20% to about 4%. It is based in the Great Church . The Eastern Orthodox Church

2312-461: The Netherlands. Den Bosch ' s-Hertogenbosch ( Dutch: [ˌsɛrtoːɣə(m)ˈbɔs] ), colloquially known as Den Bosch ( pronounced [dɛm ˈbɔs] ), is a city and municipality in the Netherlands with a population of 160,783. It is the capital of the province of North Brabant and its fourth largest city by population. The city is south of

2380-563: The Swamp Dragon. The town was nevertheless finally conquered by Frederik Hendrik of Orange in 1629 in a typically Dutch stratagem: he diverted the rivers Dommel and Aa, created a polder by constructing a forty-kilometre (25 mile) dyke and then pumped out the water by mills. After a siege of three months, the city had to surrender—an enormous blow to Habsburg geo-political strategy during the Thirty Years' War . This surrender cut

2448-467: The area had been furnished with higher dikes and locks that allowed a controlled flooding of the polder and some adjacent areas in case of emergency. The Bossche Broek is now a 22-hectare (54-acre) nature reserve , that stretches all the way to Vught . It is connected to the Moerputten and Vlijmens Ven, with which it forms a Natura 2000 area. Rare species in the area are the scarce large blue and

2516-721: The area, with over 4,000 employees. 's-Hertogenbosch is home to a variety of events such as the theatre festival Boulevard , Jazz in Duketown , and hip hop in duketown, the start of the Tour de France (1996), Tour Feminin (1997), the International Vocal Competition , November Music (a contemporary music festival) and the UNICEF Open (formerly the Ordina Open ) grass court tennis tournament (in

2584-461: The authorities. The population centres in the municipality are: Bokhoven , Crevecoeur , Deuteren (former village), Dieskant , Empel , Engelen , Gewande , 's-Hertogenbosch, Hintham , Kruisstraat , Maliskamp , Meerwijk , Orthen (former village), Oud-Empel , and Rosmalen . Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

2652-482: The city a protected townscape. Most historic elements have been preserved. In contrast to cities like Rotterdam , 's-Hertogenbosch also survived the Second World War relatively unscathed. Much of its historic heritage remains intact, and today there are always renovations going on in the city to preserve the many old buildings, fortifications, churches and statues for later generations. The city center has

2720-535: The city flourished, becoming the second largest population centre in the territory of the present Netherlands, after Utrecht . The city was also a center of music, and composers, such as Jheronimus Clibano , received their training at its churches. Others held positions there: Matthaeus Pipelare was musical director at the Confraternity of Our Lady; and renowned Habsburg copyist and composer Pierre Alamire did much of his work at 's-Hertogenbosch. The wars of

2788-496: The city. In 1956, the council wanted to demolish the Moriaan, the oldest brick building in the Netherlands, to give traffic better access to the market square. The permit was refused by the government and instead the building was restored, starting in 1963. Later, city councils became much more aware of the value of historic buildings and from about the turn of the millennium, the historic fortifications are also given much attention by

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2856-592: The city. It was only weakly defended, and fell after a short siege. Pichegru then crossed the rivers and put an end to the Dutch Republic. Under the new Batavian Republic , established in 1795, both Catholics and Brabanders at last gained equal rights. From 1806, the city became part of the Kingdom of Holland and from 1810, it was incorporated into the First French Empire . It was captured by

2924-400: The conquest by the republic. Most of these have not been restored to their original height, but do maintain their brick walls. The citadel in the north west of the city does retain its original height. Around the city itself many other fortresses can still be seen. In the north east of the old city, the hexagonal gunpowder magazine , called Kruithuis is located close to the citadel. It

2992-441: The corresponding trade privileges in 1185. This is the traditional date given by later chroniclers; the first mention in contemporaneous sources is 1196. The original charter has been lost. His reason for founding the city was to protect his own interests against encroachment from Gelre and Holland ; from its first days, he conceived of the city as a fortress. It was destroyed in 1203 in a joint expedition of Gelre and Holland, but

3060-1366: The defunct Vroom & Dreesmann locations. On August 31, 2019, the company announced that all 15 of those stores would close by year-end. The brand name V&D was bought by entrepreneurs Ronald van Zetten, Roland Kahn, and Jaco Scheffers. In 2018 a web store with the V&;D brand was opened. Upon the chain's closing in 2016, V&D had 62 stores, located in Alkmaar , Almere , Alphen aan den Rijn , Amersfoort , Amstelveen , Amsterdam ( Kalverstraat ), Amsterdam-Noord at Buikslotermeerplein , Apeldoorn , Arnhem , Assen , Bergen op Zoom , Beverwijk , Breda , Delft , Den Haag , Den Helder , 's-Hertogenbosch , Deventer , Doetinchem , Dordrecht , Ede , Eindhoven , Emmen , Enschede , Goes , Gorinchem , Gouda , Groningen , Haarlem , Haarlem-Schalkwijk , Heerlen (see article ), Hellevoetsluis , Hengelo , Hilversum , Hoofddorp , Hoorn , Leeuwarden , Leiden , Leidschendam , Maastricht , Meppel , Naaldwijk , Nijmegen , Oss , Purmerend , Rijswijk , Roermond , Roosendaal , Rotterdam , Rotterdam-Zuid at Winkelcentrum Zuidplein , Sittard , Tilburg , Uden , Utrecht at Hoog Catharijne , Veenendaal , Venlo , Vlaardingen , Weert , Zaandam , Zeist , Zoetermeer , and Zwolle , all in

3128-604: The department stores open, pending restructuring and takeover talks with interested parties. On 26 January 2016, Supermarket chain Jumbo announced that it had acquired the subsidiary La Place . Talks continued for selling the stores that focused in February on Roland Kahn's retailer CoolCat. By 16 February, the negotiations for a takeover had broken down. About 10,000 employees lost their jobs. In V&D's latter days, Canadian retail group Hudson's Bay Company negotiated with

3196-547: The in-house restaurant chain La Place was opened. In 1988, Anton Dreesman was replaced as the company's CEO with Abraham Verhoef. In 1999, Vendex merged with Koninklijke Bijenkorf Beheer (KBB), the parent company of retail chains De Bijenkorf and Hema , and was renamed into Vendex KBB. It also inherited KBB's royal designation "Koninklijk". In 2004, Vendex KBB was sold to a new investor group that included KKR , Alpinvest and Permira . It lost its royal designation as

3264-515: The landlords to acquire most of the company's premises without having an interest in the company itself. In May 2016 Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) announced that it would take over up to 20 former V&D locations by 2017. HBC said the expansion would cost CAD $ 340 million and create 2,500 jobs in the stores and another 2,500 temporary construction jobs. The Dutch stores would operate under the " Hudson's Bay " and " Saks Off Fifth " brands. As of mid-2019, Hudson's Bay Company still operated 15 stores in

3332-502: The main ramparts to be preserved, because they were crucial in keeping out the water. In 2004 the city was awarded the title European Fortress City of the year . In the years that followed it restored many of the city defenses to much of their old glory. Apart from small sections of medieval walls, the main structure of the fortification is a late-medieval (fifteenth-century) wall. The upper sections were removed when cannon became more powerful, and polygonal bastions were added, some after

3400-402: The many sculptures of craftsmen that are sitting on almost every arc and rim along the outside of the cathedral. In 2010 an extensive restoration was completed, undoing the damage of many years of wear-and-tear and acid rain . On the central square is the oldest remaining brick house of the Netherlands, 'de Moriaan', which was built at the beginning of the 13th century. In the 1960s, de Moriaan

3468-405: The market square. 's-Hertogenbosch has a strong carnival tradition. In its current form the story and symbolism dates from 1881 to 1883. In these years some citizens created the legend of "Oeteldonk", whereby the city was renamed to Oeteldonk for the three day carnival. "Donk" is a reference to a dry place in the marsh . The frog is widely used as a symbol during the 's-Hertogenbosch Carnival. It

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3536-467: The name of owner and park is still the same as in the columns "Name after merger" and "Owner after merger". A * indicates that the holiday village was first owned by Creatief Vakantieparken. Vroom %26 Dreesmann Vroom & Dreesmann ( V&D ) was a Dutch chain of department stores founded in 1887. It was declared bankrupt on 31 December 2015, although its branches were still in operation until 15 February 2016. On 16 February 2016, it

3604-532: The nearby town of Rosmalen ). There are also over 350 restaurants, pubs and cafés to be found in the city. 's-Hertogenbosch is also home to the European Ceramic Work Centre. This is a juried international ceramic residency where they invite artists, designers and architects from around to the world to explore the medium of Ceramics. This program was initially started in 1991 and continues to this day. The city has its own food speciality,

3672-667: The new town hall in Maastricht would. Hidden below the old city is a canal network called the Binnendieze , which once spanned 22 km (14 mi). It started out as a regular river, the Dommel, running through the city in medieval times. Due to a lack of space in the city, people started building their houses and roads over the river. Later, the Binnendieze functioned as a sewer and fell into disrepair. In recent decades,

3740-565: The ramparts. That led to overcrowding and the highest infant mortality in the kingdom. At the end of the 19th century, the very conservative city government prevented industrial investment to avoid an increase in the number of workers and the establishment of educational institutions: students were regarded as disorderly. As a result, the relative importance of the city diminished. One of the few official Nazi concentration camp complexes in Western Europe outside Germany and Austria

3808-490: The reasons mentioned for its demise: After negotiations, real estate owners agreed to reduce the area and costs of the rental properties, employees agreed to a gradual pay cut, and the V&D owners agreed to inject capital, but not the amount needed. Eventually, this problem was also resolved. In mid-March 2015, the rent reduction in Den Bosch and Heerlen remained unresolved. In May 2015, V&D kept working on reducing

3876-413: The remaining sixth part of the old waterway system has been renovated, and it is possible to take several guided subterranean boat trips through it. 's-Hertogenbosch has an extensive and almost complete fifteenth-to-seventeenth-century city fortification. It was made to profit from the city's strong defensive position, lying on a sandy hill in the center of a large swamp fed by many rivers. This also caused

3944-419: The rents and a new business plan, to be implemented in the short term, which aimed to make V&D profitable again in two years. In December 2015, the firm was again under court protection for insolvency . The website no longer sold articles. V&D gift cards as well as air miles were no longer accepted for payment. On 31 December 2015, V&D was declared bankrupt. The appointed liquidators kept

4012-408: The temporary flag (for Oeteldonk red, white and yellow) are very similar. 's-Hertogenbosch was founded as a fortified city and that heritage can still be seen today. After World War II, plans were made to modernise the old city, by filling in the canals, removing or modifying some ramparts and redeveloping historic neighbourhoods. Before these plans could come to effect, the central government declared

4080-520: The town off from the rest of the duchy and the area was treated by the Republic as an occupation zone without political liberties (see also Generality Lands ). After the Peace of Westphalia , the fortifications were again expanded. In 1672, the Dutch rampjaar , the city held against the army of Louis XIV of France. In 1794 French revolutionary troops under the command of Charles Pichegru attacked

4148-408: The victory of the 1st Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment , of 158th Infantry Brigade over the enemy on 23–24 October. After the war, 's-Hertogenbosch was modernized, like many other cities in the Netherlands. It was possible that it was only the geography that shielded the old town from rigorous reconstruction in those early years. Just in time, the pendulum swung back to protecting the history of

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4216-592: Was announced that takeover negotiations had not led to an agreement, ultimately resulting in the company's demise. In 2015, V&D operated 67 branches throughout the Netherlands , of which 64 department stores and 3 standalone locations of La Place , V&D's former subsidiary restaurant chain which had in-house and standalone restaurants throughout the country. The department stores' product range included clothing and shoes, jewelry, cosmetics, books, home-entertainment products, electric goods, stationery, cards and posters, furniture and homewares. Most branches also had

4284-530: Was impossible to widen it further than for ships of CEMT class II. Therefore, the Máxima Canal of 8 km (5 miles) was dug just east of the city, creating a shortcut from the canal to the Meuse suitable for ships of CEMT class IV. On the remaining part of the Zuid-Willemsvaart west of the city is the industrial harbor of 's-Hertogenbosch. A marina is located in the center. 's-Hertogenbosch

4352-466: Was named after 's-Hertogenbosch. It operated from January 1943, to September 1944 and was known to the Germans as Herzogenbusch (see List of subcamps of Herzogenbusch). About 30,000 inmates were interned in the complex during this time, of whom about 12,000 were Jews . In the Netherlands, this camp is known as 'Kamp Vught ', because the concentration camp was actually located at a heath near Vught,

4420-415: Was renovated to its former glory based on a famous 16th-century Dutch painting called 'De Lakenmarkt van 's-Hertogenbosch' ('The fabric market of 's-Hertogenbosch'). The town hall is an original 14th-century Gothic building. After the town was conquered by the Dutch Republic in 1629, it received a new facade in the style of Dutch Baroque architecture . It showcased the authority of the new masters, just like

4488-436: Was soon rebuilt. Some remnants of the original city walls remain. In the late 14th century, a much larger wall was erected to protect the greatly expanded settled area. Artificial waterways were dug to serve as a city moat, through which the rivers Dommel and Aa were diverted. 's-Hertogenbosch became the birthplace and home of one of the greatest painters of the northern Renaissance period, Hieronymus Bosch . Until 1520,

4556-413: Was successfully defended against Prince Maurice in 1601 and again in 1603, but it eventually fell in the 1629 siege led by his brother Frederick Henry . In the years of Truce , before the renewed fighting after 1618, the fortifications were greatly expanded. The surrounding marshes made a siege of the conventional type impossible, and the fortress, deemed impregnable, was nicknamed moerasdraak , or

4624-495: Was walled in by the current one. On the south side of the city, the city center and walls still border the Bossche Broek, an old polder that could never be made dry. In 1995 the dyke of the Dommel broke and an enormous amount of water entered the polder. It also flooded and blocked the main Dutch highway A2. In order to prevent this in the future, the area was rearranged to store excess water in case of emergencies. In 2006

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