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31-400: Construction of the theater began in 1884, following plans by architect Adolfo Morales de los Ríos . It was based on the foundation of the previous Gran Teatro de Cádiz, a wooden building designed by García del Álamo and built in 1871, but which had burned in 1881. In 1886 the city government took over direction of the project, which proceeded only intermittently due to lack of funds. The theater

62-605: A biographical museum. In the 1970s a concert hall, the Auditorio Manuel de Falla, was built on an adjacent site. The hall opened with a concert of works by Falla. It has since become the home of the City of Granada Orchestra . His image appeared on the Spanish 1970 100-pesetas banknote. A station on Madrid Metro 's Line 10 is named after him. Ateneo de Madrid The Ateneo de Madrid ("Athenæum of Madrid")

93-608: A large vestibule, which was redesigned in the 1920s. Stairways ascend to the horseshoe or U-shaped galleries above. The stage is 18 metres (59 ft) wide and 25.5 metres (84 ft) deep. The ceiling shows an allegory of Paradise, the work of Felipe Abarzuza y Rodríguez de Arias . Every February the Gran Teatro Falla is the site of the artistic competitions of the Carnival of Cádiz . During repairs and restoration from 1987 to 1991, those competitions were held instead at

124-652: A number of composers who had an influence on his style, including Maurice Ravel , Claude Debussy and Paul Dukas , as well as Igor Stravinsky , Florent Schmitt , Isaac Albéniz and the impresario Sergei Diaghilev . In 1908 King Alfonso XIII awarded him a royal grant that enabled him to remain in Paris while he finished his Cuatro piezas españolas . In 1910 Falla met Stravinsky and in 1911–12 traveled to London, Brussels and Milan to give concerts and investigate possible venues for La vida breve , which he had composed shortly after his arrival in Paris in 1907 but which, despite

155-706: A prize of 2500 pesetas and a promise of a production at the Teatro Royal in Madrid—a pledge which unfortunately was not fulfilled In April 1905 he won the first prize in a piano competition sponsored by the firm of Ortiz and Cussó. On 15 May his work Allegro de concierto premiered at the Ateneo de Madrid and on 13 November the Real Academia presented him with his prize for La vida breve . Falla moved to Paris in 1907, where he remained for seven years. There he met

186-580: Is a private cultural institution located in the capital of Spain that was founded in 1835. Its full name is Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid ("Scientific, Literary and Artistic Athenæum of Madrid"). The roots of the Athenæum trace to the ideals of Francophiles and liberals of the early 19th century. After the Napoleonic invasion of Spain , the Afrancesado , who had joined

217-459: The Ateneo to the ideological goals of his Falange party, the subsequent transition to democracy has enabled it to regain its position as a centre of culture of the first order. In 2013, the severe reduction of the grants from the city of Madrid under the 2008–2012 Spanish financial crisis threatened bankruptcy for the Ateneo. The Ateneo council tried to cover the losses by auctioning works of art, either donated by sympathetic artists or part of

248-526: The Ateneo. On May 28, 2009 Carlos París Amador was elected president. Members have included six Prime Ministers , all Spanish Nobel Prize winners , Spanish politicians of the Second Republic and the members of the Generations of 1898 , of 1914 and 1927 . The Ateneo has two Art Galleries for exhibitions of international contemporary artists. Antonio López made his first solo exhibition at

279-647: The Catalans, I might not have been able to carry out my work, or to be who I am». Also in Granada, Falla began work on the large-scale orchestral cantata Atlántida ( Atlantis ), based on the Catalan text L'Atlàntida by Jacint Verdaguer . Falla continued work on Atlántida after moving to Argentina in 1939, following Francisco Franco 's victory in the Spanish Civil War . The orchestration of

310-596: The French cause and supported Joseph Bonaparte as king of Spain, were exiled with him upon the triumph of the Supreme Central Junta and the Cortes of Cádiz , which enacted in 1812 the first Spanish liberal constitution . The restoration of Ferdinand VII in 1814 after the previous year's Treaty of Valençay , however, brought a return to absolutism and the flight of the Spanish patriots of Cádiz . Much of

341-554: The Madrid period, that Falla became interested in the music of his native Andalusia , particularly Andalusian flamenco (specifically cante jondo ), the influence of which can be strongly felt in many of his works. Among his early pieces are a number of zarzuelas like La Juana y la Petra and La casa de tócame Roque . On 12 April 1902 he premiered Los amores de la Inés in the Teatro Cómico de Madrid. The same year he met

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372-796: The capital, where he attended the Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación. He studied piano with José Tragó , a colleague of Isaac Albéniz , and composition with Felip Pedrell . In 1897 he composed Melodía for cello and piano and dedicated it to Salvador Viniegra , who hosted evenings of chamber music that Falla attended. In 1899, by unanimous vote, he was awarded the first prize at the piano competition at his school of music. He premiered his first works: Romanza para violonchelo y piano , Nocturno para piano , Melodía para violonchelo y piano , Serenata andaluza para violín y piano , and Cuarteto en Sol y Mireya . That same year he started to use de with his first surname, making Manuel de Falla

403-599: The composer Joaquín Turina and saw his Vals-Capricho y Serenata andaluza published by the Society of Authors. The following year he composed and performed Allegro de concierto for the Madrid Royal Conservatory competition. Enrique Granados took first prize with his composition of the same title, but the Society of Authors published Falla's works Tus ojillos negros and Nocturno . Falla then began his collaboration with composer Amadeo Vives on

434-495: The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera suspended the activities of the Ateneo. During the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, the Ateneo remained open and managed to preserve the integrity of its facilities, especially its library, thanks to the work of Bernardo G. de Candamo, the only member of the Republican governing council to remain in Madrid during the war. Although the 36-year Spanish State of General Franco subsumed

465-612: The enlightened aristocracy, that for one reason or another had been persecuted in Spain, took refuge in France and England. The return of the exiles during the "liberal triennium" from 1820 to 1823 allowed the creation of the Spanish Athenæum, directed by Juan Manuel de los Rios. When King Ferdinand reasserted his absolutism in 1823, however, that institution's scholars went into London exile. Ferdinand's death in 1833, an amnesty

496-602: The family decided to bring him back to Spain. In 1947 his remains were brought back to Spain and entombed in the Cádiz Cathedral . One of the lasting honors to his memory is the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at Complutense University of Madrid . Manuel de Falla never married and had no children. Falla's home in Granada was a villa overlooking the city which has been preserved as

527-557: The first time Falla included the harpsichord in his orchestra. Both of these works were written with Wanda Landowska in mind. In these works, the Spanish folk influence is somewhat less apparent than a kind of Stravinskian neoclassicism . During the 1920s and 1930s, he frequently visited Barcelona and Catalonia and became associated with various Catalan artists, critics and intellectuals, such as Joan Lamote de Grignon , Oleguer Junyent, Frank Marshall, Rafael Moragas, Jaume Pahissa and Santiago Rusiñol . He showed great interest in

558-623: The following year, and the support of liberals for the cause of Isabella II , still a child , over that of the pretender Don Carlos , her uncle, created a new atmosphere of tolerance during the regency of Ferdinand's widow Maria Christina . In 1835 the former Spanish Ateneo of 1820 was reborn as the Ateneo Científico y Literario de Madrid under the patronage of Salustiano Olózaga , Ángel de Saavedra , Antonio Alcalá Galiano , Ramón de Mesonero Romanos , Francisco López Olavarrieta, Francisco Fabra and Juan Manuel de los Rios. In 1923

589-433: The historic heritage. The Regional Heritage Council of Madrid forbade the sale of an 1855 collection of engravings ( The Disasters of War and Los Caprichos ) by Francisco de Goya . What the regional council allowed to auction includes 14 works by Antonio López , Eusebio Sempere , Josep Guinovart , José Moreno Villa , Alberto Corazón and Carmen Laffon, that earned the Ateneo 140,000 euros. The Athenæum's first home

620-458: The name he became known as from that time on. When only the surname is used, however, the de is omitted. In 1900 he composed his Canción para piano and various other vocal and piano pieces. He premiered his Serenata andaluza y Vals-Capricho para piano in the Ateneo de Madrid . Due to the precarious financial position of his family, he began to teach piano classes. It was from Pedrell, during

651-407: The now-defunct Teatro Andalucía . Through the rest of the year, the theater hosts all manner of shows, such as plays or concerts. 36°32′01″N 6°18′09″W  /  36.5337°N 6.3024°W  / 36.5337; -6.3024 Manuel de Falla Manuel de Falla y Matheu ( Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel de ˈfaʎa] , 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946)

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682-581: The piece remained incomplete at his death and was completed posthumously by Ernesto Halffter . He also premiered his Suite Homenajes in Buenos Aires in November 1939. In 1940, he was named a Knight of the Order of King Alfonso X of Castile . Franco's government offered him a large pension if he would return to Spain, but he refused. Falla did spend some time teaching in exile. Among his notable pupils

713-835: The sound of the cobla and attended several concerts of the Cobla Barcelona. He also collaborated with various Catalan institutions, such as the Associació de Música Da Camera, the Banda Municipal de Barcelona or the Orquestra Pau Casals , with whom he premiered the Concerto for clave with Wanda Landowska . In 1925, after an honorary banquet held at the Hotel Majestic, Falla said: «I have to tell you, and I say it with all my soul, that, without

744-692: The support of Dukas and Falla's own best efforts, was not finally performed until 1 April 1913 at the Municipal Casino in Nice , with the libretto translated into French by the dramatist Paul Milliet . A second production was given the following year at the Opéra-Comique, to acclaim from critics such as Pierre Lalo and André Coeuroy. He wrote Siete canciones populares españolas , which he finished in mid-1914. Shortly after, World War I began, forcing Falla to return to Madrid. While at no stage

775-521: The zarzuelas Prisionero de guerra , El cornetín de órdenes and La cruz de Malta (only fragments of these works survive). His first important work was the one-act opera La vida breve ( Life is Short , or The Brief Life , written in 1905, though revised before its premiere in 1913). With a libretto by Carlos Fernández Shaw , La vida breve won Falla first prize in the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando musical competition, with

806-457: Was a Spanish composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz , Francisco Tárrega , and Enrique Granados , he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20th century. He has a claim to being Spain's greatest composer of the 20th century, although the number of pieces he composed was relatively modest. Falla was born Manuel María de los Dolores Falla y Matheu in Cádiz . He

837-527: Was completed in 1905. Municipal architect Juan Cabrera de la Torre made significant modifications to Morales's original plans. The theater was known as the "Gran Teatro" until 1926 when it was renamed for composer and native son Manuel de Falla . Built in the Neo-Mudéjar style, it is made of red brick, and has three grand horseshoe arch entry doorways on its principal façade, with alternating red and white voussoirs . One enters through these doors into

868-709: Was composer Rosa García Ascot . His health began to decline and he moved to a house in the mountains where he was tended by his sister María del Carmen de Falla (1882–1971). He died of cardiac arrest on 14 November 1946 in Alta Gracia , in the Argentine province of Córdoba , 9 days before his 70th birthday. He had left in writing that he wanted to be buried in the Sierras de Córdoba in Argentina. The Spanish Embassy of Francisco Franco took charge of his possessions when

899-600: Was he a prolific composer, it was then that he entered into his mature creative period. In Madrid he composed several of his best-known pieces, including: From 1921 to 1939 Manuel de Falla lived in Granada , where he organized the Concurso de Cante Jondo in 1922. In Granada he wrote the puppet opera El retablo de maese Pedro ( Master Peter's Puppet Show , 1923) and a concerto for harpsichord and chamber ensemble ( Harpsichord Concerto , 1926). The puppet opera marked

930-884: Was in the Palacio de Abrantès, but it is currently housed at 21 Prado Street (not to be confused with the Paseo del Prado ) in Madrid — a modernist building opened by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo in 1884. The building, designed by architects Enrique Fort and Luis de Landecho, is adorned with Greek Revival paintings by Arturo Mélida. It has an auditorium, work room, classrooms, exhibition hall, library and archive. The Ateneo has 19 sections that are active in multiple cultural and scientific arenas. Prominent Spaniards — including Laureano Figuerola , Segismundo Moret , Gumersindo de Azcárate , Antonio Alcalá Galiano, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Miguel de Unamuno , Fernando de los Ríos and Manuel Azaña — have served as presidents of

961-401: Was the son of José María Falla, a Valencian , and María Jesús Matheu, from Catalonia . In 1889 he continued his piano lessons with Alejandro Odero and learned the techniques of harmony and counterpoint from Enrique Broca. At age 15 he became interested in literature and journalism and founded the literary magazines El Burlón and El Cascabel . By 1900 he was living with his family in

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