17-713: 1919 U.S. federal law establishing Grand Canyon National Park Grand Canyon National Park Act [REDACTED] Long title An Act To establish the Grand Canyon National Park in the State of Arizona. Enacted by the 65th United States Congress Legislative history Introduced in the House as S. 390 Signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on February 26, 1919 The Grand Canyon National Park Act , 65th Congress ,
34-575: A judicial branch, but the term government trifecta is primarily applied to countries in which the executive is not elected by the legislature and where the legislature is not sovereign ; in parliamentary systems , the executive or part of it is elected by the legislature and must have the support of the majority of Parliament. Government trifectas are seen as beneficial by some and as undesirable by others. Those in favor argue that government trifectas are efficient and avoid gridlocks . Opponents argue that trifectas discourage policing of those in power by
51-817: A National Park: 1882-1919" (PDF) . Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of Grand Canyon National Park . Grand Canyon Association . Retrieved March 8, 2015 . External links [ edit ] U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 40, Part 1, Chap. 44, pp. 1175-78. "An Act To establish the Grand Canyon National Park in the State of Arizona." S. 390, Public Act No. 277 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Canyon_National_Park_Act&oldid=1215119333 " Categories : 1919 in American law 65th United States Congress Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
68-733: Is different from Wikidata 65th United States Congress The 65th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1917, to March 4, 1919, during the fifth and sixth years of Woodrow Wilson 's presidency . The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives
85-553: The 17th Amendment , starting in 1914 U.S. senators were directly elected instead of by the state legislatures. However, this did not affect the terms of U.S. senators whose terms had started before that Amendment took effect, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1918; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1922. The count below reflects changes from
102-562: The Senate ). Because of the coattail effect , most newly elected presidents have a majority with them in both chambers of Congress. The six-year itch conversely means that the last two years of a two-term president rarely have trifectas. The most recent federal trifecta was held by the Democratic Party from 20 January 2021 to 3 January 2023. The longest trifectas were two stints of 14 years, one for each major party: 1932-1946 for
119-468: The legislative branch in countries that have a bicameral legislature and an executive that is not fused . The term is primarily used in the United States , where the term originated—being borrowed from horse race betting . Most countries and all democracies have some degree of separation of powers into separate branches of government, typically consisting of an executive, a legislative, and
136-410: The 1970s. State government trifectas have become more common since the 2010s, going from 24 states having trifectas to 36 in 2020. Government trifectas are contrasted by divided governments —a situation in which one party controls the executive branch while another party controls one or both houses of the legislative branch. In systems that use fusion of powers and where the executive has to rely on
153-521: The Democrats, coinciding with Franklin D. Roosevelt 's three terms plus Harry S. Truman 's first two years, and the 1897 to 1911 Republican trifecta, spanning the presidencies of William McKinley , Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft . At the state level, a trifecta means that one party holds the governorship and both legislative houses . The sole exception is in Nebraska, where there
170-406: The agencies for when the party is no longer incumbent. Examples of these include political appointments that extend beyond the political cycle, contract or grant awards, and debt issuances. The situation is common in developing nations but rare in developed ones. Early in the 20th century, for example, government trifectas were common in the United States, but they have become increasingly rare since
187-579: The beginning of the first session of this Congress. Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On
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#1732773308637204-427: The committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee. Government trifecta#United States A government trifecta is a political situation in which the same political party controls the executive branch and both chambers of
221-435: The confidence of the legislature, the executive is almost always composed of members of the party or coalition that controls the lower house of the legislature, essentially creating a situation where there always is a government trifecta, assuming the upper chamber is in the same party's control. If there is no government trifecta a legislature may pass a motion of no confidence to force the government to resign, thereby giving
238-525: The legislature the power to create a government trifecta and making government trifectas not as significant compared to systems that use separation of powers, since one has to wait for a new election to establish or abolish a government trifecta. The term is primarily used in the United States, where the federal government level consists of the president and the Congress with its two chambers (the House and
255-421: The opposition and that they do not limit spending and the expansion of undesirable laws. Opponents also argue that government trifectas do not tend to lead to compromise since one party can simply implement its goals unopposed. Consequently, the incumbent party may alter the structure of executive agencies to prepare for when it is bound to lose its incumbency. These alterations are performed to secure control over
272-605: Was based on the 1910 United States census . The Senate maintained a Democratic majority. In the House, the Republicans had actually won a plurality, but as the Progressives and Socialist Representative Meyer London caucused with the Democrats, this gave them the operational majority of the nearly evenly divided chamber, thus giving the Democrats full control of Congress, and along with President Wilson maintaining an overall federal government trifecta . Because of
289-616: Was the U.S. federal law that established Grand Canyon National Park as the nation's seventeenth national park. It was signed into law on February 26, 1919, by President Woodrow Wilson . See also [ edit ] List of national parks of the United States National Park Service United States Department of the Interior Notes [ edit ] ^ Anderson, Michael F. (2000). "Becoming
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