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32-612: In 1443 the last member of the senior branch of the House of Luxemburg , Duchess Elisabeth , sold the Duchy of Luxembourg to Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy , a prince of the French House of Valois . In 1477 the duchy passed by marriage of Philip's granddaughter, Mary of Burgundy , to Archduke Maximilian I of Austria of the House of Habsburg . Luxembourg was one of the fiefdoms in

64-652: A country in which the great majority of people were Roman Catholic should also have a Roman Catholic monarch. In 1907, William declared the Evangelical Counts of Merenberg to be non-dynastic and named his own Roman Catholic daughter, Marie-Adélaïde (1894–1924), heiress to the grand ducal throne; she in 1919 abdicated in favour of her sister, Charlotte (1896–1985), who was also Roman Catholic, and Charlotte's Roman Catholic descendants have reigned in Luxembourg ever since. However, although Roman Catholicism

96-535: Is the claimed faith of the overwhelming majority of the Luxembourgish people (ca. 90–93%), it does not have the status of a state religion, nor is there any legal or constitutional obligation for the grand duke (as head of state) to be Roman Catholic. Princess Joan Henri is the current grand duke of Luxembourg. He was born on 16 April 1955. He was married on 14 February 1981 to Maria Teresa Mestre y Batista , now Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg, who

128-470: The County of Luxembourg , becoming Count Henry V of Luxembourg, upon the death of his mother Countess Ermesinde . Her father, Count Henry "the blind" , was count of Namur through his father, and count of Luxembourg through his mother, who was also named Ermesinde . This elder Ermesinde was a member of the original House of Luxembourg, which was a branch of the House of Ardenne , and had ruled Luxembourg since

160-571: The Western Schism in 1417; however, with his death in 1437, the senior branch of the dynasty became extinct. He was succeeded by his son-in-law, the Habsburg archduke Albert V of Austria . The Habsburgs finally prevailed as Luxembourg heirs, ruling the Empire until the extinction of their senior branch upon the death of Maria Theresa in 1780. Having succeeded to the county of Luxemburg,

192-640: The Dutch Misplaced Pages. House of Luxemburg The House of Luxembourg ( Luxembourgish : D'Lëtzebuerger Haus ; French : Maison de Luxembourg ; German : Haus Luxemburg ) or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages , whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as kings of Germany and Holy Roman emperors as well as kings of Bohemia , Hungary and Croatia . Their rule

224-620: The House of Luxembourg acquired the Kingdom of Bohemia , enabling that family to compete more effectively for power with the Habsburg and Wittelsbach dynasties. One year after being crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, Henry VII, still on campaign in Italy, died in 1313. The prince-electors , perturbed by the rise of the Luxembourgs, disregarded the claims raised by Henry's heir King John, and

256-622: The Netherlands until 1890), to which the heir apparent is also entitled. The other male-line descendants of Grand Duke Adolphe held the titles "Prince/Princess of Luxembourg" and "Prince/Princess of Nassau", with the style of Grand Ducal Highness . Until 1995, the daughters and male-line issue of Grand Duchess Charlotte also bore the title of "Prince/Princess of Bourbon-Parma" and were addressed as Royal Highness , in right of their descent from her consort, Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma . On 28 July 1987, by grand ducal decree, members of

288-558: The arms of the House of Mortimer , the Clan Hay or the noble French family of Abbeville. These mobile charges are of a particular tincture but do not necessarily bear further charges and may appear anywhere on the main escutcheon, their placement being specified in the blazon , if in doubt. Inescutcheons may also be charged with other mobile charges, such as in the arms of the Swedish Collegium of Arms (Right) which bears

320-404: The children of a grand duke or hereditary grand duke are "Prince/Princess of Nassau" with the style of His/Her Royal Highness . A grand ducal decree in 2012, concerning the family pact , further defined the rules of titles borne. The wives, children and male-line descendants of a prince of the dynasty whose marriage has not received grand ducal consent are "Count/Countess de Nassau". To date,

352-547: The children of a grand duke or hereditary grand duke hold the titles "Prince/Princess of Luxembourg" and "Prince/Princess of Nassau" with the style of Royal Highness . Shortly after his accession to the throne in October 2000, Grand Duke Henri issued a grand ducal decree conferring upon his eldest son and heir, Prince Guillaume , the title of "Hereditary Grand Duke" and restoring to him the title "Prince of Bourbon-Parma". Male line descendants of Grand Duchess Charlotte who are not

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384-566: The death of his father Henry VI at the 1288 Battle of Worringen , was elected Rex Romanorum in 1308. The election was necessary after the Habsburg king Albert I of Germany had been murdered, and Henry, backed and orchestrated by his brother Archbishop-Elector Baldwin of Trier , prevailed against Charles, Count of Valois . Henry arranged the marriage of his son John with the Přemyslid heiress Elisabeth of Bohemia in 1310, through whom

416-519: The defeat of Napoleon . Luxembourg's territories, centering on the ancestral castle , were captured from occupying French forces in the first stages of the fall of Napoleon . Some were eventually ceded to William VI of Nassau, Prince of Orange , who had been declared Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands in 1813, by his cousin King Frederick William III of Prussia who annexed other territories which had been held by princes of

448-447: The dynasty assumed the surname "de Nassau" and discontinued use of the princely title and inescutcheon of the House of Bourbon-Parma (the dukes of which had not consented to the marriages to commoners of the dynasts of their Luxembourg cadet branch , Prince Charles in 1967 and Hereditary Grand Duke Henri in 1981), while retaining the style of Royal Highness . Since the grand ducal decree of 21 September 1995, dynasts who are

480-422: The first grand duke of Luxemburg. When the male line of the House of Orange-Nassau became extinct in 1890, the crown of the Netherlands went to his descendant, Wilhelmina of Orange-Nassau , but the crown of Luxembourg continued in the male line, devolving upon the head of the only surviving branch of the House of Nassau, ex- Duke Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg . His son, Guillaume IV (reigned 1905–1912), left no sons and

512-733: The former Burgundian Netherlands which Maximilian and Mary's grandson, Emperor Charles V , combined into an integral union, the Seventeen Provinces , by issuing the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 . The southern Netherlands remained part of the Habsburg Empire , first held by the Spanish branch and then by the Austrian line, until 1794 when French revolutionaries replaced Habsburg rule with French hegemony until

544-571: The grand duchy dropped the exception to gender non-discrimination it had declared in the matter of the grand ducal succession. For the ancestry of the House of Nassau, see Family Tree of the House of Nassau . See also: Category:SVG coats of arms of Luxembourg A complete armorial is given at the Armorial de la Maison de Nassau, section Lignée Valramienne at the French Misplaced Pages, and another one at Wapen van Nassau, Tak van Walram at

576-424: The husband of a heraldic heiress , the sole daughter and heiress of an armigerous man (i.e. a lady without any brothers), rather than impaling his wife's paternal arms as is usual, must place her paternal arms in an escutcheon of pretence in the centre of his own shield as a claim ("pretence") to be the new head of his wife's family, now extinct in the male line. In the next generation the arms are quartered by

608-633: The late 10th century. There were two other houses descended from the women of the counts of Luxembourg as shown in the family tree in the House of Ardenne–Luxembourg : the Counts of Loon , the Counts of Grandpré , along with the Dukes of Limburg . All three families had a place in relation to the succession of the House of Ardennes . Indeed, the Count of Grandpré was the next heir of Conrad II of Luxembourg , who

640-658: The rule over the Empire was assumed by the Wittelsbach duke Louis of Bavaria . John instead concentrated on securing his rule in Bohemia and gradually vassalized the Piast dukes of adjacent Silesia from 1327 until 1335. His son Charles IV acceded to the Imperial throne in 1346. His Golden Bull of 1356 served as a constitution of the Empire for centuries. Charles not only acquired the duchies of Brabant and Limburg in

672-534: The son. A monarch's personal or hereditary arms may be borne on an inescutcheon en surtout over the territorial arms of his/her domains, as in the arms of Spain , the coats of arms of the Danish royal family members, the greater coat of arms of Sweden , or the arms of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England (1653–1659). The early Georgian kings of England bore an inescutcheon of

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704-501: The three crowns of Sweden , each upon its own escutcheon upon the field of the main shield. These inescutcheons serve as a basis for including other charges that do not serve as an augmentation or hereditary claim. In this case, the inescutcheons azure allow the three crowns of Sweden to be placed upon a field, thus not only remaining clearly visible but also conforming to the rule of tincture . Inescutcheons may also be used to bear another's arms in " pretence ". In English heraldry

736-700: The throne by order of seniority of line of descent and of birth as stipulated in Article 3 of the Constitution and the Nassau Family Pact without regard to gender, applicable first to succession by the descendants of Grand Duke Henri. The Grand Duke's marshal issued an addendum to the decree explaining the context of the change: pursuant to the United Nations ' 1979 call for nations to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women, in 2008

768-582: The title of "His/Her Royal Highness Prince/Princess of Bourbon-Parma " has been returned to all legitimate members of the grand ducal family. Indeed, the members of the grand ducal family have never ceased to actually be members of the Royal House of Bourbon-Parma . Grand Dukes Adolphe (1817–1905) and William IV (1852–1912) were Evangelical Christians . William married the Roman Catholic Marie Anne of Portugal , believing that

800-529: The various branches of the House of Nassau . The Great Powers agreed at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to re-constitute and elevate Luxembourg into a grand duchy, to be hereditary in the male line of the entire House of Nassau, beginning with the Prince of Orange , who was simultaneously but separately recognised as King of the Netherlands. Thus William I of the Netherlands ascended the grand ducal throne as

832-583: The west, but also the former March of Lusatia and even the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1373 under the Kingdom of Bohemia . The family's decline began under Charles' son King Wenceslaus , deposed by the prince-electors in 1400 who chose the Wittelsbach Elector Palatine Rupert . In 1410 rule was assumed by Wenceslaus' brother Sigismund , who once again stabilized the rule of the Luxembourgs and even contributed to end

864-466: The younger branch of the House of Limburg -Arlon is the family that succeeded in getting one of its scions elected Holy Roman Emperor. From there descended the Kings of Bohemia, several other Emperors and a King of Hungary as shown below. The royal House of Luxemburg are named after their ancestors in the Luxembourg branch of the earlier House of Ardenne (or Ardennes , French Maison d'Ardenne ). This

896-479: Was an important noble family from Lotharingia , known from at least the tenth century. They had several important branches, descended from several brothers: Inescutcheon In heraldry , an inescutcheon is a smaller escutcheon that is placed within or superimposed over the main shield of a coat of arms, similar to a charge . This may be used in the following cases: Inescutcheons may appear in personal and civic armory as simple mobile charges, for example

928-487: Was born on 22 March 1956; in Havana, Cuba, and became Grand Duke when his father, Jean, abdicated on 7 October 2000. They have 5 children: The preference for men over women in succession to Luxembourg's throne was abandoned in favour of absolute primogeniture on 20 June 2011 by decree of Grand Duke Henri . Henceforth, any legitimate female descendant of the House of Luxembourg-Nassau born of authorized marriage shall inherit

960-482: Was succeeded by his daughters, Marie-Adélaïde and then by Charlotte (reigned 1919–1964). Her descendants (from her marriage to Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma ) comprise the Grand Ducal House in the 21st century. The monarch bears the style of Royal Highness (subsumed in the higher style of Majesty that was borne by its sovereigns during the personal union of the grand duchy with the Kingdom of

992-499: Was the last representative of the Ardennes dynasty. But, Emperor Frederick II preferred that Luxembourg was held by a lord Germanic rather than French and attributed the county to Henry of Limburg-Arlon (see below), son of Conrad's aunt Ermesinde and Count Godfrey I of Namur . The Counts of Loon are also in position to claim the inheritance Luxembourg, albeit weaker position. Henry V's grandson Henry VII , Count of Luxembourg upon

Grand ducal family of Luxembourg - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-465: Was twice interrupted by the rival House of Wittelsbach . The family takes its name from its ancestral county of Luxembourg which they continued to hold. As shown below, this royal Luxembourg dynasty were not male-line descendants of the original counts of Luxembourg . They descended instead from the House of Limburg-Arlon , who had been dukes of Lower Lorraine in the 11th century. In 1247 Henry , younger son of Duke Waleran III of Limburg inherited

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