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17-537: The area was extensively logged in the early 20th century, and abandoned logging camps can still be found throughout the forest. The Pigeon River Company , the Hughes Brothers Timber Company , and the George W. Mead Company were responsible for the harvest of millions of board feet of White Pine and Northern White Cedar timber, and pulpwood from the black and white spruce found in

34-478: A logging camp . Prior to the 20th century, cookhouses were a feature of some private residences where the kitchen was a separate building so the heat and smoke from cooking was kept away from the main residential building. In North America, cookhouses were a standard feature of remote work sites, as the working men (e.g. cowboys , loggers , miners , etc.) needed large amounts of food for the strenuous work they performed. In logging camps, cooks were important to

51-412: A day, and lumbering was such physically demanding work that each man could eat between 6,000 to 9,000 calories a day. In one estimation, the average logger consumed 5 pounds (2.3 kg) of food each day. Quality and quantity were important parts of maintaining the health and productivity of the workers. Meat, other foods high in protein, and fats were served in abundance. Sack lunches were provided to

68-536: Is offered as an alternative to camping at the three established campgrounds . Logging camp A logging camp (or lumber camp ) is a transitory work site used in the logging industry. Before the second half of the 20th century, these camps were the primary place where lumberjacks would live and work to fell trees in a particular area. Many place names (e.g. Bockman Lumber Camp , Whitestone Logging Camp , Camp Douglas ) are legacies of old logging camps. Camps were often placed next to river tributaries so that

85-533: Is the Condit Family house in New Jersey which had an unattached cookhouse. In Iran , a common feature in homes prior to the 20th century was to have a cookhouse separate from the residence. With time and newer technologies this has changed with the kitchen being brought into the house. A military version of the cookhouse is the galley , the compartment of a ship , train , or aircraft where food

102-635: The Civilian Conservation Corps worked in many remote areas, like the Malheur National Forest in the Ochoco Mountains of eastern Oregon . The Allison Ranger Station was expanded with two ranger residences, a fire warehouse, a gas house, a garage, a generator shed, and a cookhouse. Large institutions, like Ireland's Sligo Gaol , also had a cookhouse to serve the needs of the institution. A wannigan

119-614: The Emergency Conservation Work Act and creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps led to establishment of CCC Camp S-62 in Hovland by Company 722. For the next four years, under the direct of State Forest Service personnel, the company planted trees, fought wildfires, and built roads, fire towers, buildings, and recreational facilities on the forest. Located in the Arrowhead Region of the state,

136-631: The forest has a number of regional trails. The Border Route Trail follows the Pigeon River , which is the northern limit of the forest and forms the international border between the United States and Canada . This trail connects with the Superior Hiking Trail in the northeastern portion of the forest. The abundance of lakes in the forest make fishing and water recreation very popular. There are nine boat launches in

153-499: The forest, including one at McFarland Lake in the northernmost area of the forest, which serves as the easternmost entrance to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness . Other outdoor recreational activities include picnicking; 30 miles (48 km) of designated hiking trails, 40 miles (64 km) for snowmobiling , and over 60 miles (97 km) for cross-country skiing . Backcountry camping

170-481: The forest. Cut pulpwood was usually rafted on Lake Superior to pulp mills in Wisconsin . Wildfires historically played a large part in the formation of the forest's woods. In 1910, a wildfire burned through much of the southeast portion of the forest, and in 1936, 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of the central part of the forest were burned. The state forest was established in 1933. By June of that year, passage of

187-460: The loggers as well as food for horses in the form of hay and oats. These farms were often built on poor quality land and had little output other than the camps and self-consumption, and most often closed as soon as the camp did. Cookhouse A cookhouse is a small building where cooking takes place. Often found at remote work camps, they complemented the bunkhouse and were usually found on ranches that employed cowboys , or loggers in

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204-431: The loggers. During peak season, as many as five meals a day could be served. Camp cooks were important to the morale of the workers. In some cases, workers would follow a cook to the camp they were working at each season. In Canada, the long distances to the camps and the closure of most access during the winter led to the development of depot farms that would be built near logging camps to supply cereals and vegetables to

221-404: The morale of the workers. In some cases, workers would follow a cook to the camp where they were working each season. The cookhouse was one of the key buildings at any work site, along with the bunkhouse and tool shed . The use of a cookhouse was not limited to resource extraction industries. Travelling circuses also use a style of cookhouse to feed their workers and performers. In the 1930s,

238-579: The saws ), office and camp store . Lumber cut by the lumberjacks was the source of the materials for the buildings, and camps were built in the fall prior to the winter logging season. Most of the lumberjacks would return to their jobs after the logging season, with a few staying on to drive logs in the spring. In the United States, logging camps were phased out after World War II , as work crews could more easily be transported to remote logging sites. Lumberjacks could work upwards of twelve hours

255-406: The winter's log harvest could be floated to the lumbermills in the spring. The requirements of the logging industry involved the creation of a working site and housing from the pristine wilderness . The construction of the logging camp consisted of a transformation of the natural environment to the built environment. Logging was seasonal in nature, with farmers often working as lumberjacks during

272-467: The winter. Camps were placed next to a river so that the logs harvested could be floated to the lumbermills in the spring. By their nature logging camps were temporary work sites used to harvest lumber in remote areas. Once the lumber in a particular area was harvested, the lumberjacks would move on. Primitive sites had two buildings, a cookhouse and a bunkhouse . Larger camps also had an outhouse , barn, blacksmith shop , filer shack (to sharpen

289-624: Was a kitchen built on a raft which followed the log drivers down the river, both serving meals and providing tents and blankets for the night if no better accommodations were available. In the Southern United States , antebellum plantations , like the Archibald Smith Plantation or the Sion Hill estate , had a cookhouse separate from the main house to keep the main house from overheating. An example

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