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45-467: The 2,004-square-kilometre (774 sq mi) municipality is the 37th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Grane is the 304th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,447. The municipality's population density is 0.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.2% over the previous 10-year period. The municipality of Grane

90-460: A and short n, which is not palatalized . It is seemingly a simple and plain name, but many questions arise regarding both valid meanings for the word and the spoken forms it takes. The spoken form is most peculiar. It is distinct from other genuine old farm names in the area in that it is uninflected, with no definite form and consequently no distinct case (neither dative nor genitive ). It is said short and crisp, regardless of what speech context it

135-482: A full overview of the alternations: On the other hand, Southern Sámi is the only Sami language that does not have consonant gradation . Hence, consonants in the middle of words never alternate in Southern Sámi, even though such alternations are frequent in its relatives. Compare, for instance, Southern Sámi nomme 'name' : nommesne 'in the name' to Northern Sámi namma  : namas , with

180-460: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Southern S%C3%A1mi Southern or South Sámi (Southern Sami: åarjelsaemien gïele ; Norwegian : sørsamisk ; Swedish : sydsamiska )

225-400: A plural object in the nominative: dellie then manne 1 . SG . NOM naarra-h snare- NOM . PL tjeegk-i-m set.up- PST - 1SG dellie manne naarra-h tjeegk-i-m then 1.SG.NOM snare-NOM.PL set.up-PST-1SG "Then I set up snares." Subject and agent are always marked identically, while the marking of the object depends on definiteness. The verb agrees with

270-403: A singular or plural entity, and some also adapt to different cases. Demonstratives distinguish between three degrees of distance relative to the speaker. Southern Sámi verbs inflect for person (first, second, and third) and number (singular, dual, and plural, where dual is an optional category). There are also two finite inflectional categories, the present and the past tense. Subject suffixes are

315-652: A suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to the European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population

360-415: Is -h in the nominative case, otherwise -i/j-, to which the case endings are added. There are five different inflection classes but no declension classes. All nouns take the same case markers. The function of the nominative is to mark the subject, and the accusative marks the object. The nominative plural can also be used to mark plural (direct) objects, a feature called differential object marking , and here

405-666: Is closely based on Swedish and Norwegian and uses the following Latin alphabet : In 1976, the Sámi Language Council recommended the use of ⟨æ⟩ and ⟨ö⟩, but in practice the latter is replaced by ⟨ø⟩ in Norway and the former by ⟨ä⟩ in Sweden. This is in accordance with the usage in Norwegian and Swedish , based on computer or typewriter availability. The ⟨Ï ï⟩ represents a back version of ⟨I i⟩ ; however, many texts fail to distinguish between

450-506: Is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The charge is a leaping salmon . This was chosen as a symbol of the rich salmon rivers Vefsna and Svenningelva that run through the municipality. There are many small waterfalls where jumping salmon can be observed in the summer. The arms were designed by P. Lakfors. The Church of Norway has one parish ( sokn ) within Grane Municipality. It

495-445: Is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density

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540-658: Is exactly the same. But it is rather insensible that the name could have been borrowed from there. Therefore, if the name actually is a local development in the Old Norse speech forms of the Middle Ages —there was surely quite a significant farm settlement in the central valleys of Vefsn before the Bubonic plague —it was unlikely to have been used as the name for a farm. Rather it would have had to have been so well entrenched in its ancient speech form that it held over from

585-468: Is found in. It seems to be a farm name with a grammatical form presuming a standard only found among farms cleared in the Middle Ages , and likely around the 12th century. But the Grane farm was not cleared before the mid-17th century and there is nothing to suggest a prior settlement. Thus we find a basic disparity without any easy explanation. Farm names sometimes follow environmental descriptions given in

630-773: Is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

675-551: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Helgeland District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal . The municipal council ( Kommunestyre ) of Grane is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

720-530: Is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density

765-540: Is part of the Indre Helgeland prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland . The municipality is located in the southern part of Nordland county, along the border with Trøndelag county. Grane includes many lakes including Fiskelausvatnet , Gåsvatnet , Jengelvatnet , Majavatnet , Mellingsvatnet , Nedre Fiplingvatnet , Sefrivatnet , and Storsvenningvatnet . The main river Vefsna also runs through

810-513: Is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore,

855-818: Is the southwesternmost of the Sámi languages , and is spoken in Norway and Sweden . It is an endangered language . The strongholds of Southern Sámi in Norway are Aarborten Municipality (Hattfjelldal) in Nordlaante County (Nordland) and also in Raarvihken Municipality (Røyrvik), Snåasen Municipality (Snåsa), and Rossen Municipality (Røros), all of which are in Trööndelage County (Trøndelag). Out of an ethnic population of approximately two thousand, only about five hundred still speak

900-548: The Vefsna river in the area. This is also the point where the river flowing westward from Hattfjelldal changes direction and turns north towards the Vefsnfjord . The coat of arms was granted on 18 July 1980. The official blazon is " Argent , a salmon haurient azure " ( Norwegian : På sølv bunn en springende blå laks ). This means the arms have a field (background) that has a tincture of argent which means it

945-548: The 13th to 14th centuries and it took several hundred years after that for spruce forest to proliferate in the Ner-Vefsn and Majavatnet settlements. Spruce trees were not likely characteristic of the Grane area in the Middle Ages. Researchers into municipal naming practices have concluded that the stem 'gran', found in a series of names nationwide, cannot have its source in the environmental connection to spruce timber. At

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990-453: The above with the exception of the essive). A demonstrative pronoun without specific deictic bias is employed as the third-person pronoun, treating dual and plural forms as indistinguishable. Additional pronouns encompass pronominal and adnominal demonstratives, along with interrogative and relative pronouns, reflexive, logophoric, reciprocal, and a variety of indefinite pronouns. The majority of these pronouns change based on whether they refer to

1035-403: The basic structure SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). Only the copula ('to be') and auxiliary verbs appear second. The case-alignment system is nominative-accusative. However, plural objects are also sometimes marked with the nominative. Objects in the nominative plural get an indefinite reading, while objects in the accusative plural are definite. This applies for nouns as well as pronouns. An example of

1080-582: The conditional. In the verbum, a distinction must be made between odd-syllable and even-syllable verbs; in the latter, there are six different stem classes. An overview of the forms of the ie stems using the example of båetedh 'to come': The morphology of adjectives is restricted to comparative and superlative forms. Some have different forms in attributive and predicative position, but most are invariable. Southern Sámi verbs conjugate for three grammatical persons : Southern Sámi verbs conjugate for three grammatical numbers : Southern Sámi, like Finnish,

1125-430: The consonant gradation mm  : m . Southern Sámi has eight cases : Southern Sámi nouns inflect for singular and plural and have eight cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, illative, locative, elative, comitative, and essive, but number is not distinguished in the essive. Inflection is essentially agglutinative, but the case endings are not always the same in the plural and in the singular. The plural marker

1170-442: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayor ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Grane is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. Here is a list of people who have held this position: Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density ) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It

1215-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

1260-428: The essive marks a state or a function. Four stem classes can be distinguished: ie-stems, e-stems, a-stems, and oe-stems. An overview of the modern inflection of guelie 'fish': Earlier, in the comitative singular and in the plural, besides the nominative i, umlaut of the root vowel to öö took place: Gen. Pl. göölij etc. Personal pronouns inflect for three numbers (singular, dual, and plural) and seven cases (all of

1305-431: The language at Umeå University. Language courses are also offered at different Sámi-language centres throughout the Southern Sámi area. Southern Sámi is one of the eight Sámi languages that have an official written standard, but only a few books have been published for the language, one of which is an adequate-sized Southern Sámi–Norwegian dictionary. This language has had an official written form since 1978. The spelling

1350-893: The language fluently. Southern Sámi belongs to the Saamic group within the Uralic language family . In Sweden, Saami is one of five recognized minority languages, but the term "Saami" comprises different varieties/languages, and they are not individually recognized. In Norway, Southern Sámi is recognized as a minority language in its own right. It is possible to study Southern Sámi at Nord University in Levanger Municipality , Umeå University in Umeå Municipality , and Uppsala University in Uppsala Municipality. In 2018, two master's degrees were written in

1395-405: The northern dialect are the following; orthographic counterparts are given in italics: The non-high vowels /e/ , /æ/ , /o/ , and /ɑ/ contrast in length : they may occur as both short and long. High vowels only occur short. The vowels may combine to form ten different diphthongs : In Southern Sámi, all consonants occur as geminates in word-medial position. In Southern Sámi, the vowel in

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1440-555: The notion that the name may have its roots elsewhere. Sagas say it stems from Jämtland ( Sweden ). In Nord-Trøndelag there are three settlements for which one finds the farm name "Gran" (of course pronounced without the final 'e'). Outside the northern regions, the farm name is found only in Askvoll Municipality in Western Norway . The name of that farm is also written Grane , and the pronunciation ([gra:nə])

1485-458: The noun gets an indefinite reading, while the accusative plural marks definite direct objects. The genitive is used in adnominal possession and marks the dependent of postpositions. The illative is a spatial case marking the recipient; while the locative and elative are also spatial cases, the locative is additionally used in existential constructions and the elative in partitive constructions. The comitative expresses participation and instrument, and

1530-448: The other Sámi languages, and Estonian, has a negative verb . In Southern Sámi, the negative verb conjugates according to tense (past and non-past), mood (indicative and imperative), person (first, second, and third), and number (singular, dual, and plural). This differs from some other Sámi languages, e.g. Northern Sámi , which do not conjugate according to tense. Like Skolt Sámi and unlike other Sámi languages, Southern Sámi has

1575-606: The phonemic system of the northern dialect is explained below. The typical word in Southern Sámi is disyllabic, containing a long stem vowel and ending in a vowel, as in the word /pa:ko/ 'word'. Function words are monosyllabic, as are the copula and the negative auxiliary. Stress is fixed and always word-initial. Words with more than three syllables are given secondary stress in the penultimate syllable. The eleven vowel phonemes comprise four phonologically short and long vowels (i-i:, e-e:, a-a:, u-u:) and three vowel phonemes which do not distinguish length (ø, æ, o). The vowel phonemes of

1620-485: The root is certainly an Old Norse word which must have denoted something 'sharp', and which is now extant in only a few Norse dialects with traditional meanings. Used in a place name, the stem would probably signify 'something which protrudes up from the landscape.' Another theory is that the name derives from the Southern Sámi word kråane , which means 'corner' or 'crook', referring to the bending and curving of

1665-492: The same across the tenses, and there are three different inflectional classes based on the thematic vowels and their behaviour in inflection. Furthermore, there are 4 non-finite forms: the perfect participle, the progressive, the infinitive, and the connegative and imperative form. Meanwhile, verbs express the TAM categories present indicative, past indicative, perfect, pluperfect, progressive, and imperative. The copula also inflects for

1710-430: The second syllable of a word causes changes to the vowel in the first syllable, a feature called umlaut . The vowel in the second syllable can change depending on the inflectional ending being attached, and the vowel in the first vowel will likewise alternate accordingly. Often there are three different vowels that alternate with each other in the paradigm of a single word, for example as follows: The following table gives

1755-452: The subject in person and number. The TAM categories mentioned above are based on non-finite verb forms and are expressed in periphrastic constructions with an auxiliary. The subject agrees with the auxiliary, but it is not obligatory. It is either marked on the pronoun or inferred from context. The imperative second singular uses the same non-finite irrealis form also used in negation constructions. Southern Sámi has some features that separate

1800-614: The times of pestilence and Black Death when settlers were reduced to meager numbers. This is possible, but still mere conjecture. In the matter of the name's valid meaning, it is obvious to assume that it has its origins in the tree name grǫn which means " spruce ". This should designate a place where spruces grow. This is an unlikely explanation for a name with local origins in the Middle Ages and makes little sense. Even though many spruces currently grow in that vicinity, recent pollen studies show that spruce forests came surprisingly late to that stretch of land. They were not present before

1845-507: The two. ⟨C c⟩ , ⟨Q q⟩ , ⟨W w⟩ , ⟨X x⟩ , and ⟨Z z⟩ are only used in words of foreign origin. Long sounds are represented with double letters for both vowels and consonants. Southern Sámi has fifteen consonant and eleven vowel phonemes; there are six places of articulation for consonants and six manners of articulation. There are also two dialects, northern and southern. The phonological differences are relatively small;

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1890-656: The valley. There are two national parks that are partially located in Grane: Børgefjell National Park and Lomsdal–Visten National Park . The highest point in the municipality is the 1,696.46-metre (5,565.8 ft) tall mountain Kvigtinden. Grane Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

1935-430: The vernacular of the time, but it is quite difficult to see what environmental aspect would yield the name form of "Grane" in the speech of the 17th century. One possible explanation is that those who cleared the farm around 1650 simply borrowed the name from another known place in the country. It is not doubtful that those who cleared the farm came from Åneset in what is now Vefsn Municipality . But this does not preclude

1980-599: The worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed

2025-403: Was established on 1 July 1927 when it was separated from the large Vefsn Municipality . Initially, Grane Municipality had 1,746 residents. The municipal boundaries have not changed since then. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after the old Grane farm (spelled "Grane" in 1661), since the first Grane Church was built there in 1860. The name Grane is pronounced with a long

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