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40-634: The Northern and Central Bitterroot Range , collectively the Bitterroot Mountains ( Salish : čkʷlkʷqin ), is the largest portion of the Bitterroot Range , part of the Rocky Mountains and Idaho Batholith , located in the panhandle of Idaho and westernmost Montana in the northwestern United States . The mountains encompass an area of 4,862 square miles (12,593 km) . The mountains are bordered on

80-481: A household in the city was $ 28,567, and the median income for a family was $ 36,554. Males had a median income of $ 29,431 versus $ 20,122 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,224. About 10.1% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over. According to the City's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for

120-440: A more circuitous but flatter route via Whitefish and Eureka already in 1904. As the largest city in northwest Montana, Kalispell serves as the county seat and commercial center of Flathead County . The city is considered a secondary trade center with a trade area of approximately 130,000. The city is home to Logan Health Medical Center, which has a 150-bed hospital facility. The railroad history through Kalispell ended in 2018 when

160-444: A sequence of two affricates, whereas [stiʕít.ʃən] "killdeer" has a tee-esh sequence. All stop consonants are clearly released, even in clusters or word-finally. Though they are generally not aspirated, aspiration often occurs before obstruents and epenthetic schwas before sonorants. For example, the word /t͡ʃɬkʷkʷtˀnéˀws/ "a fat little belly" is pronounced [t͡ʃɬkꭩkꭩtʰəʔnéʔʍs] ; likewise, /t͡ʃt͡ʃt͡sʼéˀlʃt͡ʃn/ "woodtick"

200-551: A verb takes a direct object or it does not. For example, in (1) and (2), the single morphemes illustrate these properties rather than it being encoded in the verb as it is in English. ɫox̩ʷ open(ed) -nt - TR -en - 1sg . SUBJ ɫox̩ʷ -nt -en open(ed) -TR -1sg.SUBJ 'I made a hole in it' puls die, kill -VC - OC -st - TR -el' - SUCCESS puls -VC -st -el' {die, kill} -OC -TR -SUCCESS 'He got to kill (one)' Something that

240-690: A vowel. Salish has pharyngeal consonants , which are rare worldwide and uncommon but not unusual in the Mosan Sprachbund to which Salish belongs. It is also unusual in lacking a simple lateral approximant and simple velar consonants ( /k/ only occurs in loanwords ), though again this is known elsewhere in the Mosan area. The post-velars are normally transcribed as uvular consonants : ⟨ q, qʼ, χ, qʷ, qʷʼ, χʷ ⟩. Salish contrasts affricates with stop – fricative sequences. For example, [ʔiɬt͡ʃt͡ʃeˀn] "tender, sore" has

280-510: Is 79 square miles (205 km) in area and its highest peak is the aforementioned El Capitan. The Bitterroot Mountains presented an unexpected, formidable obstacle to Lewis and Clark during their expedition westward, and ended their expectation of finding a " Northwest Passage " giving an easy connection from the Atlantic watershed to that of the Pacific. Guy M. Brandborg of

320-549: Is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake". The first European settler to explore the Flathead Valley was likely surveyor Peter Fidler of the Hudson’s Bay Company in the 18th century. From 1870, permanent settlement and the introduction of livestock brought permanent changes, as did the near-eradication of local bison populations. In 1884, a short-lived town called Ashley was founded where Kalispell

360-563: Is a city in Montana and the county seat of Flathead County, Montana , United States. The 2020 census put Kalispell's population at 24,558. Among cities in Montana, it is the 8th largest by area, 7th most populous, and 8th fastest growing from 2010 to 2020. In Montana's northwest region, it is the largest city and the commercial center of the Kalispell Micropolitan Statistical Area. The name Kalispell

400-485: Is a tertiary institution. Kalispell has a public library , a branch of the Flathead County Library. Kalispell is at the intersection of U.S. Routes 2 and 93 . Commercial air service is offered at Glacier Park International Airport , approximately 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Kalispell off U.S. Route 2 between Kalispell and Columbia Falls. Kalispell City Airport , in the southern part of

440-822: Is famous for native translations that treat all lexical Salish words as verbs or clauses in English—for instance, translating a two-word Salish clause that would appear to mean "I-killed a-deer" into English as I killed it. It was a deer. Salish is taught at the Nkwusm Salish Immersion School, in Arlee, Montana . Public schools in Kalispell, Montana , offer language classes, a language nest , and intensive training for adults. An online Salish Language Tutor and online Kalispel Salish curriculum are available. A dictionary, "Seliš nyoʔnuntn: Medicine for

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480-1017: Is in Kalispell Elementary School District, while a portion is in West Valley Elementary School District , and a very small piece is in Whitefish Elementary School District. Almost all of Kalispell is in Flathead High School District, while a small piece is in Whitefish High School District. There are two high schools in Kalispell (both of the Flathead district), Flathead High School and Glacier High School . Flathead Valley Community College

520-516: Is one main stress in each word, though the location of stress is determined in a complex way (Black 1996). OC:out-of-control morpheme reduplication SUCCESS:success aspect morpheme Given its polysynthetic nature, Salish-Spokane-Kalispel encodes meaning in single morphemes rather than lexical items. In the Spokane dialect specifically, the morphemes ¬–nt and –el', denote transitivity and intransitivity, respectively. Meaning, they show whether or not

560-408: Is pronounced [t͡ʃt͡ʃt͡sʼéʔt͡ɬʃᵗʃən] , and /ppíˀl/ is [pʰpíḭᵗɬə̥] . Spokane vowels show five contrasts: /a/ , /e/ , /i/ , /o/ and /u/ , but almost all examples of /a/ and /o/ are lowered from /e/ and /u/ , respectively, when those precede uvulars, or precede or follow pharyngeals. Unstressed vowels are inserted to break up certain consonant clusters, with the vowel quality determined by

600-639: Is teaching language classes in high schools. Salish-language Christmas carols are popular for children's holiday programs, which have been broadcast over the Salish Kootenai College television station, and Salish-language karaoke has become popular at the annual Celebrating Salish Conference, held in Spokane, Washington . As of 2013, many signs on U.S. Route 93 in the Flathead Indian Reservation were including

640-529: Is the southernmost and tallest subrange of the Bitterroot Mountains. The Central Bitterroots encompass 2,993 square miles (7,752 km) and its two tallest peaks are the 10,157 foot (3,096 m) Trapper Peak and the 9,983 foot (3,043 m) El Capitan . The Central Bitterroots also contain a smaller subrange, the Como Peaks . The Como Peaks subrange

680-566: Is today. Three years later nearby Demersville was founded. Demersville quickly grew to be the largest town in the area, but when the Great Northern Railroad bypassed the town it was abandoned just as quickly, with people moving the short distance to the new town of Kalispell. As the Great Northern Railroad built its continent-spanning railroad line in the 19th century, a need for a Divisional point in

720-641: Is unique to the Spokane dialect is the SUCCESS aspect morpheme: -nu. The SUCCESS marker allows the denotation that the act took more effort than it normally would otherwise. In (3) and (4) we can see this particular transformation. ɫip' mark -nt - TR -en - 1sg . SUBJ ɫip' -nt -en mark -TR -1sg.SUBJ 'I marked it' ɫip' mark -nu - SUCCESS -nt- Kalispell, Montana Kalispell ( / ˈ k æ l ə ˌ s p ɛ l , ˌ k æ l ə ˈ s p ɛ l / , Montana Salish : Ql̓ispé , Kutenai language : Kqayaqawakⱡuʔnam )

760-465: The 7,930 foot (2,417 m) Rhodes Peak and the 7,770 foot (2,368 m) Quartz Benchmark . The Northern Bitterroots also contain a smaller subrange, the Grave Creek Range . The Grave Creek Range is 262 square miles (679 km) in area and its highest peak is the 7,270 foot (2,216 m) Petty Mountain . The Central Bitterroot Range

800-451: The Spokane (Npoqínišcn), Kalispel (Qalispé), Pend d'Oreilles , and Bitterroot Salish (Séliš). The total ethnic population was 8,000 in 1977, but most have switched to English. As is the case of many other languages of northern North America, Salish is polysynthetic ; like other languages of the Mosan language area , it does not make a clear distinction between nouns and verbs. Salish

840-658: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 11.73 square miles (30.38 km ), of which 11.64 square miles (30.15 km ) is land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km ) is water. Kalispell is 7 miles (11 km) north of Flathead Lake , the largest natural freshwater lake in the western U.S. by surface area. The city has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ), with long, cold, and moderately snowy winters, hot and dry summers, and short springs and autumns. Snow usually occurs from late October/early November to March. As of

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880-517: The census of 2010, there were 19,927 people, 8,638 households, and 4,944 families living in the city. The population density was 1,711.9 inhabitants per square mile (661.0/km ). There were 9,379 housing units at an average density of 805.8 per square mile (311.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.2% White , 0.2% African American , 1.3% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.6% from other races , and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of

920-428: The homeless population in the town. The city government has previously begun passing ordinances in 2022 that punished anyone that helped homeless people in Kalispell, such as giving out food, supplies, or money. They also shut off water and electricity in the local park so it couldn't be utilized by homeless in the area. The county commissioners also released an open letter calling on residents to actively unite against

960-496: The Flathead Valley was identified. Using his own capital, Charles Edward Conrad, a businessman and banker from Fort Benton, Montana , formed the Kalispell Townsite Company with three other men, all from Great Northern board of directors. The town took its name from the local native tribe , adding an extra "L" for good measure. "Kalispell" is a Salish word meaning "flat land above the lake". The townsite

1000-479: The Salish Language," was expanded from 186 to 816 pages in 2009; children's books and language CDs are also available. Salish Kootenai College offers Salish language courses, and trains Salish language teachers at its Native American Language Teacher Training Institute as a part of its ongoing efforts to preserve the language. As of May 2013, the organization Yoyoot Skʷkʷimlt ("Strong Young People")

1040-722: The U.S. Forest Service, was supervisor of the Bitterroot National Forest from 1935 to 1955. By insisting on selection cutting, he tried to protect the watersheds and wildlife habitats that are harmed by clear-cutting. After he retired in 1955 Brandborg denounced the Forest Service for deviating from his model. He launched a public attack and lobbied to secure passage of the National Forest Management Act of 1976 , that codified his model. Montana Salish Dialects are spoken by

1080-457: The adjacent consonants. The epenthetic vowel is often realized as /ə/ , but also /ɔ/ before rounded uvulars, and /ɪ/ before alveolars and palatals. The consonant inventory of Spokane differs from Salish somewhat, including plain and glottalized central alveolar approximants /ɹ/ and /ˀɹ/ , and a uvular series instead of post-velar. Spokane words are polysynthetic , typically based on roots with CVC(C) structure, plus many affixes . There

1120-682: The city purchased and tore up the long abandoned track through the city. The city of Kalispell removed the remaining downtown trackage, relocating the railroad to Glacier Rail Park , a new industrial park just north of town; abandoning 2.4 miles of the original route. Nestled in the Flathead valley, Kalispell is 31 miles (50 km) from Glacier National Park and 22 miles (35 km) from Hungry Horse Dam . Skiers have access to Whitefish Mountain Resort on Big Mountain and Blacktail Mountain Ski Area , each 17 miles (27 km) away. Flathead Lake ,

1160-486: The city, offers general aviation service. Amtrak 's Empire Builder service between Chicago and either Seattle, Washington , or Portland, Oregon , is available in Whitefish , approximately 15 miles (24 km) north. Eagle Transit, an agency of Flathead County, offers local transit service within and connecting Kalispell, Columbia Falls and Whitefish, as well as paratransit demand-responsive service. Kalispell

1200-427: The city. The population density was 2,605.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,006.1/km ). There were 6,532 housing units at an average density of 1,196.7 per square mile (462.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 95.84% White, 0.28% African American, 1.22% Native American , 0.56% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.39% from other races , and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.55% of

1240-595: The fiscal year ending June 30, 2019, the top employers in the city are: Kalispell is home to the headquarters of the Montana Rifle Company . As of July 2014 , one of Montana's last mint farms, growing peppermint and spearmint , is near Kalispell. Kalispell Public Schools has two components: Kalispell Elementary School District and Flathead High School District. Whitefish Public Schools has two components: Whitefish Elementary School District and Whitefish High School District. Most of Kalispell

Bitterroot Mountains - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-813: The historic Salish and Kutenai names for towns, rivers, and streams, and the Missoula City Council was seeking input from the Salish-Pend d'Oreille Culture Committee regarding appropriate Salish-language signage for the city of Missoula. Salish has five vowels, /a e i o u/ , plus an epenthetic schwa [ə] which occurs between an obstruent and a sonorant consonant , or between two unlike sonorants. (Differences in glottalization do not cause epenthesis, and in long sequences not all pairs are separated, for example in /sqllú/ → [sqəllú] "tale", /ʔlˀlát͡s/ → [ʔəlˀlát͡s] "red raspberry", and /sˀnmˀné/ → [səʔnəmˀné] "toilet". No word may begin with

1320-634: The homeless, which resulted in groups of younger people violently assaulting homeless in the town. The New York Times published an article in January 2024 about the homeless population of Kalispell, noting that many were residents who had recently undergone financial trouble that led to them losing their homes, such as having a divorce. Kalispell is located at 48°11′52″N 114°18′58″W  /  48.19778°N 114.31611°W  / 48.19778; -114.31611 (48.197801, −114.316068), at an elevation of 2,956 feet (901 m). According to

1360-616: The largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi river, is 7 miles (11 km) away. Buffalo Hill Golf Club , designed by Robert Muir Graves , serves golfers in the region. The tribal schools nearby offer classes in the Kalispel–Spokane–Flathead language , a language nest , and intensive language training for adults. There is a Salish language school and training center in nearby Arlee, Montana. In 2023, Kalispell became nationally known for its violent actions against

1400-726: The north by Lolo Creek, to the northeast by the Clark Fork , on the south by the Salmon River , on the east by the Bitterroot River and Valley , and on the west by the Selway and Lochsa Rivers. Its highest summit is Trapper Peak , at 10,157 feet (3,096 m). The Northern Bitterroot Range is the northernmost and shortest subrange of the Bitterroot Mountains. The Northern Bitterroots encompass 1,869 square miles (4,841 km) and its two tallest peaks are

1440-409: The population. Of the 8,638 households, 30.8% had children under the age of 18, 40.4% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female family head with no husband present, 4.8% had a male family head with no wife present, and 42.8% were not classified as family units. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% were individuals 65 years old or older. The average household size

1480-456: The population. 21.7% were of German , 12.0% Irish , 11.3% Norwegian , 10.7% English and 6.6% United States or American ancestry. There were 6,142 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who

1520-464: Was 2.26, and the average family size was 2.94. The median age in the city was 34.5 years. A total of 25.1% of residents were under 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.2% were between the ages of 25 and 44; 22.7% were between the ages 45 and 64, and 14.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 14,223 people, 6,142 households, and 3,494 families living in

1560-447: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.209, and the average family size was 2.92. In the city, the population's age distribution shows 24.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males. The median income for

1600-404: Was quickly platted , and lots began selling by the spring of 1891. Kalispell was officially incorporated as a city in 1892, and Conrad built a large mansion there in 1895. Since that time, the city has continued to grow in population, reaching 19,927 in 2010. This growth persisted despite the railroad being rerouted from its original route over Haskell Pass, via Kalispell and Marion, Montana, to

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