Misplaced Pages

#97902

107-570: The Dayton flood of March 1913 was caused by a series of severe winter rainstorms that hit the Midwest in late March. Within three days, 8–11 inches (200–280 mm) of rain fell throughout the Great Miami River watershed on already saturated soil, resulting in more than 90 percent runoff . The river and its tributaries overflowed. The existing levees failed, and downtown Dayton was flooded up to 20 feet (6.1 m) deep. This flood

214-427: A hierarchical pattern . Other terms for a drainage basin are catchment area , catchment basin , drainage area , river basin , water basin , and impluvium . In North America, they are commonly called a watershed , though in other English-speaking places, "watershed" is used only in its original sense, that of the drainage divide line. A drainage basin's boundaries are determined by watershed delineation ,

321-593: A Gospel Choir and a Liturgical Choir which sings weekly at Mass at Gesu. There are three selective a cappella groups that interested students may try out for: the coed Gold 'n Blues, the all-male Naturals, and the all-female Meladies. Although the a cappella groups are not affiliated with the Marquette University Music Department, they do on and off campus concerts. Pure Dance is a lyrical and jazz performance group that helps members pursue their interests in dance and choreography in

428-405: A camera and had an extensive collection of photographic plates. The flood caused water damage in their workshop, creating cracks and blemishes on these photographic plates. Prints made from the plates prior to the flood were better quality than the prints made after the flood, although they made few prints from the glass negatives before 1913. Images lost to flood damage were irreplaceable. By 1913,

535-707: A canoe pointing the way forward for a Native American guide and replaces it with an image of a river splitting into three, representing the Milwaukee, the Menomonee, and the Kinnickinnic rivers, and three stalks of wild rice in the foreground, to represent the Potawatomi, Menominee, and Ho-Chunk nations, who remain in the Milwaukee area today. With the seal change also came a change to the university's motto. The motto changed from "Numen Flumenque", meaning "God and

642-419: A collegial setting. Dance, Inc. is a group that allows its members to perform in semester showcases, and styles of dance vary. Hype Dance company is primarily a hip-hop organization that helps to cultivate an interest in hip-hop, contemporary , and jazz style dance. The Marquette University Symphony Orchestra provides members with an opportunity to develop and share musical talents through participation in

749-437: A common task in environmental engineering and science. In a closed drainage basin, or endorheic basin , rather than flowing to the ocean, water converges toward the interior of the basin, known as a sink , which may be a permanent lake, a dry lake , or a point where surface water is lost underground . Drainage basins are similar but not identical to hydrologic units , which are drainage areas delineated so as to nest into

856-413: A conversation with the course instructor in which the course instructor stated that she would not tolerate homophobic, racist, or sexist comments in class. After taking the issue to the university, the student claimed to be shut out and told his academic professor, John McAdams , who posted about it on his personal blog. McAdams was put on suspension for refusing to apologize for his blog post, earning MU

963-454: A decade to recover. Destruction from the flood is also responsible for the dearth of old and historical buildings in the urban core of Dayton. Its center city resembles that of newer cities established in the western United States. One of the victims was former Marquette University president Joseph F. Rigge . The people of the Dayton area were determined to prevent another flood disaster of

1070-749: A dozen states, most notably states in the Midwest and along the Mississippi River . Heavy rain and snow saturated the soil and produced widespread flooding, known as the Great Flood of 1913 , across Indiana , Ohio , Kentucky , New York , and Pennsylvania . The following events took place in Dayton between March 21 and March 26, 1913. Friday, March 21, 1913 Saturday, March 22, 1913 Sunday, March 23, 1913 (Easter Sunday) Monday, March 24, 1913 Tuesday, March 25, 1913 Wednesday, March 26, 1913 Ohio governor James M. Cox sent

1177-454: A drainage basin, and there are different ways to interpret that data. In the unlikely event that the gauges are many and evenly distributed over an area of uniform precipitation, using the arithmetic mean method will give good results. In the Thiessen polygon method, the drainage basin is divided into polygons with the rain gauge in the middle of each polygon assumed to be representative for

SECTION 10

#1732765474098

1284-540: A drainage boundary is referred to as watershed delineation . Finding the area and extent of a drainage basin is an important step in many areas of science and engineering. Most of the water that discharges from the basin outlet originated as precipitation falling on the basin. A portion of the water that enters the groundwater system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwater flow directions do not always match those of their overlying drainage network. Measurement of

1391-493: A large-group setting. There are several band ensembles that students may join. The Symphonic Band is a group designed for students who wish to continue to make music at the collegiate level, but in a relaxed setting. The newly established Wind Ensemble performs high-level wind band repertoire. There are also two jazz bands. Students who are registered and participate actively in the Symphonic Band and Wind Ensemble have

1498-569: A lawsuit brought by a landowner affected by the exercise of eminent domain, and attempts were made to amend it through the Garver-Quinlisk bills. Legal battles continued from 1915 to 1919 and reached the U.S. Supreme Court , which upheld the law. The Miami Conservancy District began construction of its flood control system in 1918. Since 1922, when the project was completed at a cost in excess of $ 32 million, it has prevented Dayton from any flood as severe as that of 1913. Since its completion,

1605-542: A library, a School of Dentistry building, and athletics facilities. In 2003 the men's basketball team reached the Final Four , boosting the university's exposure on a national level. Fundraising efforts in the subsequent years helped the university complete its largest-ever capital campaign, the Magis Campaign, which raised over $ 357 million by 2006. The two largest donations to Marquette University came within

1712-487: A major thoroughfare in Milwaukee, bisects the campus, placing academic buildings on the south side, and residence halls and other offices and buildings on the north side. Named after the university, the Marquette Interchange , where Interstate Highways 43 and 94 intersect, is also close to campus. Outside of the main campus, Marquette also operates an athletics facility called Valley Fields , which

1819-648: A moderate number of law students and dental students. The student body is fifty-three percent female and sixty-eight percent identify themselves as Catholic. The retention rate for Marquette is high, with about ninety percent of students returning for their sophomore year. Marquette administers an Educational Opportunity Program (EOP) – a federally funded TRIO program that is intended to motivate and enable low-income and first-generation students whose parents do not have baccalaureate degrees, to enter and succeed in higher education. Eligible students, who have potential for success and enrolling at Marquette, are provided with

1926-602: A multi-level hierarchical drainage system . Hydrologic units are defined to allow multiple inlets, outlets, or sinks. In a strict sense, all drainage basins are hydrologic units but not all hydrologic units are drainage basins. About 48.71% of the world's land drains to the Atlantic Ocean . In North America , surface water drains to the Atlantic via the Saint Lawrence River and Great Lakes basins,

2033-446: A pre-enrollment summer program, a network of supportive services, financial aid assistance, academic counseling, specialized courses, seminars, tutoring, and educational and career counseling. Marquette has absorbed many existing buildings in the area, especially for use as residence halls . Some examples of absorbed buildings include Charles Cobeen Hall, a former hotel, and M. Carpenter Tower, an Art Deco building, both constructed in

2140-576: A satellite campus in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin , for the blended Direct Entry MSN program, where students complete coursework online and spend time on campus learning skills and participating in simulation labs. In January 2017, the university revealed plans for a $ 600m project to transform the Milwaukee campus including a BioDiscovery District, Innovation Alley, a recreational and wellness facility, residence hall, and sports research facility. The university includes 11 schools and colleges:

2247-553: A sophomore dorm , was once the Coach House Motor Inn, where The Beatles stayed during their tour in 1964. Abbottsford Hall served as The Abbottsford Hotel until the university purchased it for use as graduate apartments. It was converted into a freshman residence hall prior to the 2005–2006 academic year. The university also purchased the Marquette Apartments complex in 2008, which was remodeled as

SECTION 20

#1732765474098

2354-429: A sophomore residence hall prior to the 2009–2010 academic year and renamed McCabe Hall. As of the 2015–16 academic year, McCabe Hall is now university apartments. Additionally, the university purchased The Marq, an apartment complex on the west side of campus, in 2017. Of the nine current student residence halls, only three (O'Donnell Hall, Schroeder Hall, and McCormick Hall) were built by the university. McCormick Hall

2461-662: A spot on the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education 's 2016 "10 Worst Colleges for Free Speech". Marquette is located on a 93-acre (38 ha) campus in the near downtown Milwaukee neighborhood of University Hill , on the former Wisconsin State Fairgrounds. Lake Michigan is roughly one mile east of the edge of campus. The campus stretches 12 blocks east to west and 5 blocks north to south. Wisconsin Avenue,

2568-561: A telegram to the American Red Cross headquarters in Washington D.C. requesting their assistance in Dayton and surrounding communities. Its agents and nurses focused their efforts in 112 of Ohio's hardest-hit communities, which included Dayton and others located primarily along Ohio's major rivers. Some of the Dayton flood victims made their way to National Cash Register 's factory and headquarters, where John H. Patterson ,

2675-493: A university in 1907, after it became affiliated with a local medical school and moved to its present location. Johnston Hall , which now houses the university's College of Communication, was the first building erected on the new campus grounds. Marquette University High School , formerly the preparatory department of the university, became a separate institution the same year. In 1908, Marquette opened an engineering college and purchased two law schools, which would ultimately become

2782-734: Is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 1 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 2 freshman students were National Merit Scholars . The Wall Street Journal and College Pulse ranked Marquette at 56th in its "2024 Best Colleges in the U.S." ranking. For 2023, Marquette was ranked 83rd overall among 443 undergraduate programs for national universities by U.S. News & World Report , tied for 12th out of 78 in "Best Undergraduate Teaching", tied for 41st for "Most Innovative Schools", and 52nd for "Best Value Schools". The magazine also named Marquette tied for

2889-557: Is active in Greek life. Sororities are slightly more popular than fraternities , with 11.7% of the female student population involved in Greek life, compared to 7.45% of men. The international engineering sorority Alpha Omega Epsilon was founded at Marquette on November 13, 1983. Among the various stage performance groups at Marquette are the Studio 013 Refugees, a student improv comedy group. The Refugees perform free shows throughout

2996-418: Is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth , or flows into another body of water , such as a lake or ocean . A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the drainage divide , made up of a succession of elevated features, such as ridges and hills . A basin may consist of smaller basins that merge at river confluences , forming

3103-510: Is composed of the Department of Public Safety and Student Safety Program employees. Students on campus use services provided by the two organizations including the LIMO program, an entirely student staffed transportation service, which is the first of its kind in the country. Marquette University is host to 23 Greek organizations and, as of 2009, 10% of the total undergraduate student body

3210-683: Is credited with offering the first degree program specializing in hospital administration in the United States, and graduated the first two students in 1927. Despite the promising growth of the university, financial constraints led to the School of Medicine separating from Marquette in 1967 to become the Medical College of Wisconsin . Marquette's Golden Avalanche football team was disbanded in December 1960, and basketball became

3317-956: Is home to stadiums for track and field , lacrosse , and soccer teams. Located in the Menomonee Valley, the facility sits along the banks of the Menomonee River, about one mile south of the main Marquette University campus. The university also owns property in Washington, D.C., which houses its Les Aspin Center for Government , a program designed for students interested in careers in public service. The Marquette College of Business Administration hosts off-campus graduate classes in Waukesha and Kohler, Wisconsin , though it does not own these classroom properties. In 2016, Marquette University's College of Nursing opened

Great Dayton Flood - Misplaced Pages Continue

3424-612: Is one of the largest Jesuit universities in the United States and the largest private university in Wisconsin . Marquette is organized into 11 schools and colleges at its main Milwaukee campus, offering programs in the liberal arts , business , communication , education , engineering , law , and health sciences disciplines. The university also administers classes in suburbs around the Milwaukee area and in Washington, D.C. While most students are pursuing undergraduate degrees,

3531-487: Is referred to as " watershed management ". In Brazil , the National Policy of Water Resources, regulated by Act n° 9.433 of 1997, establishes the drainage basin as the territorial division of Brazilian water management. When a river basin crosses at least one political border, either a border within a nation or an international boundary, it is identified as a transboundary river . Management of such basins becomes

3638-482: Is still the flood of record for the Great Miami River watershed. The volume of water that passed through the river channel during this storm equaled the monthly flow over Niagara Falls . The Great Miami River watershed covers nearly 4,000 square miles (10,000 km) and 115 miles (185 km) of channel that feeds into the Ohio River. Other Ohio cities also had flooding from these storms but none as extensive as

3745-614: Is the Dead Sea . Drainage basins have been historically important for determining territorial boundaries, particularly in regions where trade by water has been important. For example, the English crown gave the Hudson's Bay Company a monopoly on the fur trade in the entire Hudson Bay basin, an area called Rupert's Land . Bioregional political organization today includes agreements of states (e.g., international treaties and, within

3852-536: Is the Helen Way Klingler College of Arts and Sciences. The 2022 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report categorizes Marquette University as "more selective". For the Class of 2026 (enrolled fall 2022), Marquette University received 15,883 applications and accepted 13,851 (87.2%). Of those accepted, 1,983 enrolled, a yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend

3959-713: The African Great Lakes , the interiors of Australia and the Arabian Peninsula , and parts in Mexico and the Andes . Some of these, such as the Great Basin, are not single drainage basins but collections of separate, adjacent closed basins. In endorheic bodies of water where evaporation is the primary means of water loss, the water is typically more saline than the oceans. An extreme example of this

4066-544: The Eastern Seaboard of the United States, the Canadian Maritimes , and most of Newfoundland and Labrador . Nearly all of South America east of the Andes also drains to the Atlantic, as does most of Western and Central Europe and the greatest portion of western Sub-Saharan Africa , as well as Western Sahara and part of Morocco . The two major mediterranean seas of the world also flow to

4173-833: The Helen Way Klingler College of Arts and Sciences , the College of Business Administration , the J. William and Mary Diederich College of Communication , the College of Education , the College of Engineering , the College of Health Sciences , the College of Nursing , the College of Professional Studies , the Graduate School, the Marquette University School of Dentistry , and the Marquette University Law School . Marquette's largest college by enrollment

4280-519: The Miami and Erie Canal was still intact, but barely used. To alleviate flooding conditions, local government leaders used dynamite to remove locks in the canal to allow the water to flow unimpeded. Sections of canal were also inundated and destroyed by nearby river flooding. Since they were no longer economically viable, Ohio's canals were simply abandoned except for limited sections that supplied water to industry. Drainage basin A drainage basin

4387-735: The Mississippi (3.22 million km ), and the Río de la Plata (3.17 million km ). The three rivers that drain the most water, from most to least, are the Amazon, Ganges , and Congo rivers. Endorheic basin are inland basins that do not drain to an ocean. Endorheic basins cover around 18% of the Earth's land. Some endorheic basins drain to an Endorheic lake or Inland sea . Many of these lakes are ephemeral or vary dramatically in size depending on climate and inflow. If water evaporates or infiltrates into

Great Dayton Flood - Misplaced Pages Continue

4494-809: The Nile River ), Southern , Central, and Eastern Europe , Turkey , and the coastal areas of Israel , Lebanon , and Syria . The Arctic Ocean drains most of Western Canada and Northern Canada east of the Continental Divide , northern Alaska and parts of North Dakota , South Dakota , Minnesota , and Montana in the United States, the north shore of the Scandinavian peninsula in Europe, central and northern Russia, and parts of Kazakhstan and Mongolia in Asia , which totals to about 17% of

4601-559: The Ohio National Guard to protect property and life and to support the city's recovery efforts. The Guard was not able to reach the city for several days because of the high water conditions throughout the state. They built refugee camps, sheltering people in tents who had been permanently or temporarily displaced from their homes. Initial access was provided by the Dayton, Lebanon and Cincinnati Railroad and Terminal Company ,

4708-692: The Society of Professional Journalists . While most of the 40-person staff are journalism majors, students from varying fields of study write for the paper. A quarterly student-produced magazine, the Marquette Journal , focuses on student life, though formerly the Journal was the school's student literary magazine. Like The Marquette Tribune , the Journal has won awards from the Society of Professional Journalists. Marquette Radio and MUTV ,

4815-657: The Tennessee Valley Authority . Morgan hired nearly 50 engineers to analyze the Miami Valley watershed and precipitation patterns and to determine the flood volume. They analyzed European flood data for information about general flooding patterns. Based on this analysis, Morgan presented eight different flood control plans to the City of Dayton officials in October 1913. The city selected a plan based on

4922-510: The groundwater . A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. Marquette University Marquette University ( / m ɑːr ˈ k ɛ t / ) is a private Jesuit research university in Milwaukee , Wisconsin, United States. It was established as Marquette College on August 28, 1881, by John Henni ,

5029-518: The (Mississippi) River" to the Jesuit motto "Ad majorem Dei gloriam", meaning "For the greater glory of God". On June 9, 2024, Marquette's most recent President Michael Lovell died at the age of 57 from sarcoma cancer. On May 16, 1968, African-American students withdrew from Marquette University in a protest against what they called its " institutional racism ". The students demanded the immediate hiring of an African-American administrator. A rally at

5136-544: The 1920s on 11th Street that have been converted into undergraduate residence halls. Glenn Humphrey Hall, a student residence hall that prior to the 2015–16 school year served as a university apartment building, was once the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. David Straz Tower, formerly the Downtown Milwaukee YMCA , is now a residence hall, recreation center, and administrative office building. Mashuda Hall,

5243-554: The 51st best university for military veterans . Forbes ranked Marquette 83rd among research universities and 157th overall in 2016. In 2015, the QS World University Rankings placed Marquette at 701+ overall for universities worldwide. In its 2020 edition, Princeton Review named Marquette as one of the "Best 386 Colleges in the U.S." and one of the best Midwestern schools. In 2018, Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine ranked Marquette 75th in

5350-547: The Act gave local governments the right to raise funds for the civil engineering efforts through taxes and granted eminent domain to support the purchase or condemnation of the necessary lands for dams, basins, and flood plains. On March 17, 1914, the governor signed the Ohio Conservancy Act, which allowed for the establishment of conservancy districts with the authority to implement flood control projects. The Act became

5457-789: The Andes. The Indian Ocean 's drainage basin also comprises about 13% of Earth's land. It drains the eastern coast of Africa, the coasts of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf , the Indian subcontinent , Burma, and most parts of Australia . The five largest river basins (by area), from largest to smallest, are those of the Amazon (7 million km ), the Congo (4 million km ), the Nile (3.4 million km ),

SECTION 50

#1732765474098

5564-726: The Atlantic. The Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico basin includes most of the U.S. interior between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains , a small part of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan , eastern Central America , the islands of the Caribbean and the Gulf, and a small part of northern South America. The Mediterranean Sea basin, with the Black Sea , includes much of North Africa , east-central Africa (through

5671-745: The Chicago Province of the Society of Jesus from 1985 to 1991. It has since been renamed The Commons. Dr. E. J. And Margaret O'Brien Hall has since been erected at the previous site of the McCormick Hall. The university has more than 230 student organizations in various fields of interest. This includes Phi Beta Kappa , an academic honors society for arts and sciences students; Alpha Sigma Nu , an international Jesuit honor society, founded at Marquette in 1915; and Psi Chi . Marquette has over 20 student organizations dedicated to community service and/or social awareness . Some of these include Big Brothers Big Sisters , Gay Straight Alliance , Engineers Without Borders , and Empowerment. Marquette's on-campus security

5778-416: The Dayton headquarters for the American Red Cross and Ohio National Guard relief and rescue efforts and provided food and shelter, a hospital and medical personnel, and a makeshift morgue. The company's grounds became a temporary campground for the city's homeless. Patterson also provided news reporters and photographers with food and lodging and access to equipment and communications to file their stories. When

5885-494: The Marquette University School of Law. The gift was the largest amount ever given to a Wisconsin university. During the Fall 2013 semester, former Marquette president Robert A. Wild returned to Marquette University as interim president following the resignation of his successor and 22nd president of Marquette, Scott Pilarz . Michael Lovell , the former chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee , took over as president on July 1, 2014, following Wild's interim term. Lovell

5992-415: The Miami Conservancy District has protected the Dayton area from flooding more than 1,500 times. Ongoing expenses for maintaining the district comes from property tax assessments collected annually from all property holders in the district. Properties closer to the river channel and the natural flood plain pay more than properties further away. The small village of Osborn, Ohio , which had little damage from

6099-417: The US, interstate compacts ) or other political entities in a particular drainage basin to manage the body or bodies of water into which it drains. Examples of such interstate compacts are the Great Lakes Commission and the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency . In hydrology , the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus for studying the movement of water within the hydrological cycle . The process of finding

6206-436: The area's emerging German immigrant population. The first five graduates of Marquette College received their Bachelor of Arts degrees in 1887. Between 1891 and 1906, the college employed one full-time lay professor, with many classes being taught by master's students. By 1906, Marquette had awarded 186 students the Bachelor of Arts, 38 the Master of Arts, and one student Bachelor of Science. Marquette College officially became

6313-406: The basin, it can form tributaries that change the structure of the land. There are three different main types, which are affected by the rocks and ground underneath. Rock that is quick to erode forms dendritic patterns, and these are seen most often. The two other types of patterns that form are trellis patterns and rectangular patterns. Rain gauge data is used to measure total precipitation over

6420-445: The cities of Dayton , Piqua , Troy , and Hamilton , along the Great Miami River. Dayton was founded along the Great Miami River at the convergence of its three tributaries: the Stillwater River , the Mad River , and Wolf Creek . The city's central business district developed within 1 mile (1.6 km) of the confluence of these waterways. When Israel Ludlow laid out Dayton in 1795, the local Indigenous Peoples warned him about

6527-456: The company's president, and his factory workers assisted flood victims and relief workers. NCR employees built nearly 300 flat-bottomed rescue boats. Patterson organized rescue teams to save the thousands of people stranded on roofs and the upper stories of buildings. He turned the NCR factory on Stewart Street into an emergency shelter, providing food and lodging. He organized local doctors and nurses to provide medical care. NCR facilities served as

SECTION 60

#1732765474098

6634-415: The country among the 100 best value private universities. As of 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked several of the college's graduate degree programs. Marquette's graduate statistics program ranked 86th, its English program was ranked 108th, history at 113th, and psychology at 122nd. Biological sciences at Marquette ranked as tied for 186th overall, chemistry was tied for 136th, and computer science

6741-430: The discharge of water from a basin may be made by a stream gauge located at the basin's outlet. Depending on the conditions of the drainage basin, as rainfall occurs some of it seeps directly into the ground. This water will either remain underground, slowly making its way downhill and eventually reaching the basin, or it will permeate deeper into the soil and consolidate into groundwater aquifers. As water flows through

6848-441: The drainage area is dependent on the soil type. Certain soil types such as sandy soils are very free-draining, and rainfall on sandy soil is likely to be absorbed by the ground. However, soils containing clay can be almost impermeable and therefore rainfall on clay soils will run off and contribute to flood volumes. After prolonged rainfall even free-draining soils can become saturated , meaning that any further rainfall will reach

6955-642: The drainage basin to the mouth, and may accumulate there, disturbing the natural mineral balance. This can cause eutrophication where plant growth is accelerated by the additional material. Because drainage basins are coherent entities in a hydrological sense, it has become common to manage water resources on the basis of individual basins. In the U.S. state of Minnesota , governmental entities that perform this function are called " watershed districts ". In New Zealand, they are called catchment boards. Comparable community groups based in Ontario, Canada, are called conservation authorities . In North America, this function

7062-460: The first Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee . Initially an all-male institution, Marquette became the first coeducational Catholic university in the world in 1909. Marquette is part of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities . The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and had a student body of about 11,200 in 2020. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". Marquette

7169-401: The flood control system in the Loire Valley in France . It consisted of five earthen dams and modifications to the river channel through Dayton. The dams would have conduits to release a limited amount of water, and a wider river channel would use larger levees supported by a series of training levees. Flood storage areas behind the dams would be used as farmland between floods. Morgan's goal

7276-624: The flood, was affected by the flood's aftermath. The village lay in the area designated to become part of the Huffman flood plain. The mainline tracks of the Erie Railroad , the New York Central Railroad , and the Ohio Electric Railway all ran through Osborn. As a result of establishing the conservancy area, the rail lines were moved several miles south out of the floodplain to run through Fairfield, Ohio . The citizens of Osborn decided to move their homes instead of abandoning them. Nearly 400 homes were moved three miles (5 km) to new foundations along Hebble Creek next to Fairfield. Some years later,

7383-407: The formation of the Marquette University School of Medicine. During the 1920s and again during the post- World War II years, Marquette rapidly expanded, opening a new library, athletics facilities, classroom buildings, and residence halls. The student population increased markedly as well, met by the construction of buildings for the schools of law, business, dentistry, and the liberal arts. Marquette

7490-464: The foundation of its current law program. Initially an all-male institution, Marquette University became the first coed Catholic university in the world, when it admitted its first female students in 1909. By 1916 its female students had increased to 375; many other Catholic institutions began adopting similar approaches in their enrollments during the 1910s and 1920s. Marquette acquired the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1913, leading to

7597-435: The ground and along rivers it can pick up nutrients , sediment , and pollutants . With the water, they are transported towards the outlet of the basin, and can affect the ecological processes along the way as well as in the receiving water body . Modern use of artificial fertilizers , containing nitrogen (as nitrates ), phosphorus , and potassium , has affected the mouths of drainage basins. The minerals are carried by

7704-781: The ground at its terminus, the area can go by several names, such playa, salt flat, dry lake , or alkali sink . The largest endorheic basins are in Central Asia , including the Caspian Sea , the Aral Sea , and numerous smaller lakes. Other endorheic regions include the Great Basin in the United States, much of the Sahara Desert , the drainage basin of the Okavango River ( Kalahari Basin ), highlands near

7811-519: The leading spectator sport at the university. In the 1960s an early fifteenth century French chapel, St. Martin de Seysseul , which was reputedly connected to St. Joan of Arc and which had been transported to the US in the 1920s, was transferred to the campus. It is, unsurprisingly, the oldest building in Wisconsin. Graduate programs in the liberal arts and sciences, for which planning had begun in

7918-655: The model for other states, such as Indiana, New Mexico, and Colorado. Ohio's Upper Scioto Conservancy District was the first to form in February 1915. The Miami Conservancy District, which includes Dayton and surrounding communities, was the second, formed in June 1915. Morgan was appointed as the Miami Conservancy District 's first chief engineer. The constitutionality of the Act was challenged in Orr v. Allen ,

8025-528: The neighborhood surrounding Marquette with its $ 50 million Campus Circle Project. It also opened a Washington, D.C.-based study center called the Les Aspin Center for Government , named after the former Secretary of Defense . MBA programs and the College of Professional Studies, with programs aimed at adult education, were also founded during the mid-1990s. In 1996, Robert A. Wild was installed as

8132-424: The offer over concerns about her scholarly writing as it related to Catholic teaching. O'Brien had published works on lesbian sex and same-sex marriage. Several faculty members at Marquette said the decision raised concerns about academic freedom. Faculty and students from both universities protested Marquette's decision. On June 21, 2011, a 19-year-old Marquette student reported being raped by an athlete. No report

8239-437: The only line not affected by the flood. Governor Cox called on the state legislature to appropriate $ 250,000 ($ 7.71 million in 2023 dollars) for emergency aid and declared a 10-day bank holiday. When newly elected President Woodrow Wilson sent telegrams to the governors of Ohio and Indiana asking how the federal government might help, Cox replied with a request for tents, rations, supplies, and physicians. Governor Cox sent

8346-510: The opportunity to participate in the MU Pep Band . The Pep Band plays at all men's and women's basketball home games, continuing during tournament season, when the bands travel with the basketball teams. The student newspaper, The Marquette Tribune, founded in 1916, is the official campus newspaper. It is published in print on Tuesdays and Thursdays during the school year. The paper has won regional and national awards for excellence from

8453-541: The preceding decade, were officially opened in the 1970s. In 1977, the university celebrated the victory of their men's basketball team over the University of North Carolina to win the NCAA Championship title. In 1994, then-president Albert J. DiUlio made a controversial decision to discontinue the use of the "Warriors" nickname for the university's sports teams, citing growing pressure on schools to end

8560-469: The presses of the Dayton Daily News became inoperable due to the floodwaters, the newspaper used NCR's in-house printing press, providing Dayton and NCR with press coverage on AP and UPI newswires. As the water receded, damages were assessed in the Dayton area: Cleanup and rebuilding efforts took approximately one year to repair the flood damage. The economic impacts of the flood took most of

8667-418: The rainfall on the area of land included in its polygon. These polygons are made by drawing lines between gauges, then making perpendicular bisectors of those lines form the polygons. The isohyetal method involves contours of equal precipitation are drawn over the gauges on a map. Calculating the area between these curves and adding up the volume of water is time-consuming. Isochrone maps can be used to show

8774-493: The recurring flooding. Prior to the 1913 flood, the Dayton area had suffered major floods nearly every other decade, with major water flows in 1805, 1828, 1847, 1866, and 1898. Most of downtown Dayton was built in the Great Miami River's natural flood plain , which seemed advantageous in the early years when cities depended on rivers for transportation needs. The storms that caused the flood at Dayton continued over several days, and affected an area across all or parts of more than

8881-631: The responsibility of the countries sharing it. Nile Basin Initiative , OMVS for Senegal River , Mekong River Commission are a few examples of arrangements involving management of shared river basins. Management of shared drainage basins is also seen as a way to build lasting peaceful relationships among countries. The catchment is the most significant factor determining the amount or likelihood of flooding . Catchment factors are: topography , shape, size, soil type, and land use (paved or roofed areas). Catchment topography and shape determine

8988-461: The river rather than being absorbed by the ground. If the surface is impermeable the precipitation will create surface run-off which will lead to higher risk of flooding; if the ground is permeable, the precipitation will infiltrate the soil. Land use can contribute to the volume of water reaching the river, in a similar way to clay soils. For example, rainfall on roofs, pavements , and roads will be collected by rivers with almost no absorption into

9095-422: The same academic year. The second-largest gift was given by an anonymous couple who have, over time, donated over $ 50 million to the university. On December 18, 2006, President Wild announced that the couple donated $ 25 million to the College of Engineering. Less than five months later, on May 4, 2007, Marquette announced a $ 51 million gift from Raymond and Kathryn Eckstein that would directly benefit

9202-751: The same magnitude. Led by Patterson's vision for a managed watershed district, on March 27, 1913, Governor Cox appointed people to the Dayton Citizens Relief Commission. In May, the commission conducted a 10-day fundraiser, which collected more than $ 2 million ($ 61.7 million in 2023 dollars) to fund the flood control effort. The commission hired hydrological engineer Arthur E. Morgan and his Morgan Engineering Company from Tennessee to design an extensive plan based on levees and dams to protect Dayton from future floods. Morgan later worked on flood plain projects in Pueblo, Colorado , and

9309-418: The speed with which the runoff reaches a river. A long thin catchment will take longer to drain than a circular catchment. Size will help determine the amount of water reaching the river, as the larger the catchment the greater the potential for flooding. It is also determined on the basis of length and width of the drainage basin. Soil type will help determine how much water reaches the river. The runoff from

9416-627: The student radio and television stations, were launched in the late 1960s to mid-1970s. MUTV airs student-produced programs, including newscasts, sports shows, and entertainment shows. Marquette Radio also airs student-produced shows with focuses on music, sports, news, and talk. Hilltop was Marquette's university-wide yearbook from 1915 to 1999. The publication, in its 84 years of existence, totaled over 30,000 pages in 82 volumes. Students' color-plate sketches were often highly detailed, humorous or dramatic, and were appropriate examples of contemporary artwork. In April 2006, Marquette's librarians completed

9523-449: The student union culminated in the arrest of seven people who refused to leave the building after closing. On May 17, Marquette moved toward the hiring of an African-American administrator to end the campus protest. In April 2010, Marquette University offered a position as dean of the College of Arts and Sciences to Jodi O'Brien , an openly lesbian professor at another Jesuit university, Seattle University . On May 2, Marquette rescinded

9630-415: The time taken for rain to reach the river, while catchment size, soil type, and development determine the amount of water to reach the river. Generally, topography plays a big part in how fast runoff will reach a river. Rain that falls in steep mountainous areas will reach the primary river in the drainage basin faster than flat or lightly sloping areas (e.g., > 1% gradient). Shape will contribute to

9737-477: The time taken for runoff water within a drainage basin to reach a lake, reservoir or outlet, assuming constant and uniform effective rainfall. Drainage basins are the principal hydrologic unit considered in fluvial geomorphology . A drainage basin is the source for water and sediment that moves from higher elevation through the river system to lower elevations as they reshape the channel forms. Drainage basins are important in ecology . As water flows over

9844-401: The time the report was filed with police, too much time had elapsed to conduct a proper investigation. In 2016, independent research from The State of Education deemed Marquette University as the least sexually healthy college in the nation. In the fall of 2014, an undergraduate student disagreed with how a course instructor dealt with the topic of gay rights. After class, the student recorded

9951-410: The two towns merged to create Fairborn, Ohio , with the name selected to reflect the merging of the two villages. Orville and Wilbur Wright , who made their home in Dayton, had flown for the first time a decade earlier. They were developing aviation in their workshop and the area around Huffman Prairie adjacent to the planned Huffman Dam . They had meticulously documented the flight efforts by using

10058-705: The university has over 68 doctoral and master's degree programs, a law school, a dental school (the only such school in the state of Wisconsin), and 22 graduate certificate programs. The university's varsity athletic teams, known as the Golden Eagles, are members of the Big East Conference and compete in the NCAA's Division I in all sports. Among its current and past faculty and alumni are 43 Fulbright Scholars , 6 Truman Scholars , 6 state governors , and 3 U.S. Senators . Marquette University

10165-452: The university's 22nd president and shortly thereafter began a fundraising campaign that culminated in a major campus beautification effort and the construction of several major buildings, including a new space for the School of Dentistry. The university's growth was also marked by increases in overall enrollment and the highest test scores for incoming freshmen to date. In the early 2000s, Marquette continued to grow, with new residence halls,

10272-416: The university) of 14.3%. Marquette University's freshman retention rate is 89.5%, with 82.5% going on to graduate within six years. Of the 30% of enrolled freshmen in 2022 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 26 and 31. Of the 17% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1180–1350. Marquette University

10379-475: The use of Native American mascots . Backlash from alumni, donors, and students ensued, though the administration and Marquette community eventually settled on the nickname "Golden Eagles". The mascot controversy again boiled over in 2005 when the university's leadership briefly changed the nickname to "the Gold", only to return to the "Golden Eagles" a week later. During the 1990s, the university invested heavily in

10486-789: The world's land. Just over 13% of the land in the world drains to the Pacific Ocean . Its basin includes much of China, eastern and southeastern Russia, Japan, the Korean Peninsula , most of Indochina, Indonesia and Malaysia, the Philippines, all of the Pacific Islands , the northeast coast of Australia , and Canada and the United States west of the Continental Divide (including most of Alaska), as well as western Central America and South America west of

10593-405: The year, including a 12-hour outdoor show on campus, and they provide workshops on improv comedy. The Marquette University Players Society (MUPS) performs in a traditional theater setting. The Marquette University Chorus, the longest standing choral organization on campus, is a mixed choir of fifty to sixty men and women. There are Men's Choir, Women's Choir, and Chamber Choir. Marquette also has

10700-551: Was founded 143 years ago on August 28, 1881, as Marquette College by John Martin Henni , the first Catholic bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee , with the assistance of funding from Belgian businessman Guillaume Joseph DeBuey. The university was named after 17th-century missionary and explorer Father Jacques Marquette . The highest priority of the newly established college was to provide an affordable Catholic education to

10807-439: Was ranked tied for 112th out of 393 for 2021. The physical therapy program was ranked tied for 13th best in the nation as of 2023, and the physician assistant program was ranked tied for 26th. The speech-language pathology program was ranked tied for 55th in the nation. For 2023, U.S. News & World Report listed Marquette's undergraduate nursing program as 29th best in the country, while its graduate nursing-midwifery program

10914-444: Was razed following the 2018–19 academic year and replaced by Wild Commons, a residence hall for freshman and sophomore students named after former university president Robert Wild. A few weeks after opening for the 2018–19 academic year, Wild requested his name be removed from the building due to his mishandling of accusations of sexual abuse of minors against three Jesuits under his jurisdiction during his time as Provincial Superior of

11021-497: Was taken by university officers and the city police were not notified. Marquette University acknowledged that failing to notify police was a violation of state law and that the university had ignored its reporting obligations for 10 years. In at least two cases, the lapse played a role in prosecutors declining to press charges. Marquette had held an administrative hearing on another sexual assault allegation in January 2011. However, by

11128-615: Was the first layperson to serve as Marquette's president, as all previous presidents of the university were Catholic clergymen . On February 28, 2022, the Marquette board of trustees approved an updated university seal and motto. The change was aimed to "reflect Marquette's history, tradition, and catholic, Jesuit mission, and more accurately depict the role of the Indigenous nations that guided Father Marquette on his journey". The updated seal removes an image depicting Fr. Marquette in

11235-459: Was tied for 152nd. Marquette's undergraduate engineering program was ranked tied for 142 out of 220 schools whose highest degree is a doctorate for 2021. Marquette's part-time MBA program tied for 53rd out of 299 schools for 2023. The Marquette University Law School was ranked 71st out of 196 for 2023, with sub-programs like dispute resolution and legal writing ranking in the top 50. The Marquette University College of Education's graduate degree

11342-425: Was tied for 17th, its masters program at 66th, and its DNP program 78th. Marquette's 11,749 students come from all 50 states, various U.S. territories , and represent more than 65 countries. Of these, 8,293 are undergraduates and 3,456 are graduate and professional students. Twenty-nine percent of undergraduate students are from Wisconsin and thirty-seven percent come from Illinois. Marquette University also has

11449-566: Was to develop a flood plan that would handle 140 percent of the water from the 1913 flood. The analysis had determined the river channel boundaries for the expected 1,000-year major floods, and all businesses located in that area were to be relocated. With the support of Governor Cox, Dayton attorney John McMahon worked on drafting the Vonderheide Act, Ohio's conservancy law, in 1914. The Act allowed local governments to define conservancy districts for flood control. Controversial elements of

#97902