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46-416: While the roots of the split between Tyndall and Jordan was considered to be the marriage of Jordan to Françoise Dior – who had previously been romantically involved with Tyndall – Tyndall himself stated that the rift between the two men was a consequence of an ideological clash resulting from his rejection of Jordan's endorsement of straight Nazism and his own preference for a more 'British' solution. Before

92-504: A "unity drop" fall over an open copy of Mein Kampf – were published widely by the press. The guests gave the Hitler salute and the " Horst-Wessel-Lied " was played. Dior also stated, "All I want is little Nazi children." Dior's mother rejected the marriage, saying, "We want to have as little to do with this sad affair", and adding that she would not allow Jordan into her home. Following

138-582: A WUNS branch encompassing France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Spanish Basque Country and Romandy . However, her success in recruiting former high-ranking Nazis and members of the social elite turned out to be limited. By the time the police dissolved the FOE in May 1964, the group had only 42 members, most of them social misfits. While Jordan was imprisoned following a 1962 conviction for establishing

184-741: A WUNS group in Iceland, claiming around 300 supporters. Bernhard was the brother of future Prime Minister Geir Haarde . A minor party in Ireland , the National Socialist Irish Workers Party , was affiliated. The National Socialist Party of New Zealand and the National Socialist Party of Australia were affiliated to the WUNS. The National Socialist Japanese Worker's Party is affiliated to

230-516: A front-page headline reading, "Nazi Told: 'Marriage is Over'", with the subheading "You're no Leader, says Françoise". The next day, the paper ran another story with the headline "Please – I love you says Führer", quoting Jordan as he reportedly begged Dior to "please, please, please come home". Dior and Jordan reconciled once she was convinced of his ability to lead the NSM, which had proven to easily fall into factionalism. Dior remained influential within

276-411: A global conspiracy led by international elites whose aim was national degeneracy. On 27 April 1955, Dior married Count Robert-Henri de Caumont-la-Force, a Grimaldi descendant of Prince of Monaco Honoré III , with whom she had a daughter. Dior came to be disappointed by traditional aristocracy and her marriage turned out to be unhappy. The couple divorced in 1960. Having heard in the press of

322-557: A home that had been a former presbytery, from August 1970 until July 1980, when their relationship ended. By the early 1980s, Dior was financially ruined after a bad investment in a Parisian nightclub, and she had to sell the home in 1982. She joined the mainstream right-wing Rally for the Republic (R.P.R.) and married in 1983 Count Hubert de Mirleau. A leading member of French ethnonationalist think tank GRECE , de Mirleau belonged to one of France's oldest noble houses – although he

368-502: A left-wing journalist and the brother of French couturier Christian Dior and Resistance fighter Catherine Dior . Her father Raymond, who had been employed at the family business headquarters in Paris for some years, was a Communist International sympathizer, to the despair of his own father Maurice Dior , a fertilizer industrialist. Raymond was involved with the satirical gazette Le Crapouillot and embraced radical ideas, advocating

414-708: A more formal alliance between the GBM, Union Movement , LEL and BNP should be agreed upon. Nothing came of these overtures however. Meanwhile, Tyndall had not abandoned his attempts to build links internationally and instead forged an alliance between the GBM and the National States Rights Party , a far-right group in the United States that had grown critical of Rockwell and the American Nazi Party . The GBM, however, remained one of

460-456: A new far right party with Tyndall arguing in Spearhead that there was "no longer any great political force representative of patriotic right-wing principles". Chesterton was impressed by the organisational skills demonstrated by Tyndall in the GBM, although he was also suspicious of his Nazi past whilst Andrew Fountaine was opposed to any GBM membership, and so they did not invite GBM to join

506-538: A paramilitary group, Dior became engaged for around a month in June 1963 to another NSM member and friend of Jordan, John Tyndall . That event contributed to a growing feud between the two allies, which led to a split within the NSM in 1964. Upon Jordan's release, however, Dior chose to marry him instead. Jordan proposed to her in September 1963 during a flight to Britain; his relationship with Dior soon took priority over

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552-655: A £25 fine for the abuse he shouted into a megaphone during the attack. The GBM's policy of provocative street activity meant that it faced frequent opposition. A meeting in the East End of London on 4 October 1964 was attacked by opponents, as was another in Dalston the following October whilst earlier, in August 1965, Tyndall had been shot at five times whilst in the group's headquarters in Norwood . The group's main benefactor

598-478: Is an organisation founded in 1962 as an umbrella group for neo-Nazi organisations across the globe. The movement came about when the leader of the American Nazi Party , George Lincoln Rockwell , visited England and met with National Socialist Movement chief Colin Jordan and the two agreed to work towards developing an international link-up between movements. This resulted in the 1962 Cotswold Declaration, which

644-799: The FANE to create an antisemitic movement called the Front Uni Antisioniste ('Anti-Zionist United Front'). A meeting was held on 6 February 1969 with Dior, Fredriksen, Henry Coston and Pierre Sidos in order to organise the fight against "Jewish influence and Zionist propaganda", but the organisation never came to light. In October 1970 Dior invited Savitri Devi to stay in her home in Ducey , Normandy . Devi spent 9 months there, working on her memoirs; then returned to New Delhi in August 1971. Cooper and Dior lived together in Ducey, Normandy, in

690-699: The National Front in 1967. The first issue of Combat , the organ of the British National Party, to be published following the formation of the National Front (which had absorbed the British National Party) specifically stated that the GBM "would not be coming into the new movement and ... their past utterances on anti-Semitism and pro-Nazism would certainly not be a part of National Front policy". However, before

736-586: The National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark , a rump group of the old pre-war movement affiliated under Sven Salicath, a close follower of Rockwell, and by its replacement, the National Socialist Movement of Denmark . The Nordic Reich Party of Sweden maintained independence but co-operated closely with WUNS. The National Democratic Party (Finland) was s accepted as member in 1981. Bernhard Haarde formed

782-527: The Nazi occupation of France . According to historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke , "one of the sweetest memories" of Dior was the compliment "What a beautiful little Aryan girl" made to her by an SS -man in Paris. She was initially a fervent royalist and took an interest in the study of pre-Revolutionary France. Dior came to believe that the ideals of the French Revolution were in reality a cover for

828-411: The ' 200 families  [ fr ] ' conspiracy theory, that is the belief that 200 French industrial and financial families are responsible, in his own words, "for all the ills of the land". Raymond was bisexual, and scholar Graham Macklin notes that Françoise's biological father could have been Valentin de Balla, a Hungarian nobleman. Dior's attraction to Nazism emerged in her childhood, during

874-646: The BNP and the Racial Preservation Society in early 1966 aimed at effecting a closer union but these came to nothing, with the RPS in particular turning the request down flat. During the summer of 1966 Tyndall and his movement grew close to A.K. Chesterton and the two soon agreed that the hefty defeat inflicted on the Conservative Party in the 1966 general election had opened up space for

920-596: The GBM the leading lights in the World Union of National Socialists but after getting in touch with the American Nazi leader George Lincoln Rockwell Tyndall was dismayed to find that Jordan was still recognised as leader of the body and that the NSM was still the British chapter. The incident helped to push the GBM further away from the neo-Nazi fringe and towards the other groups on the far-right. Removed from

966-632: The NSM at this point. Dior was questioned by the police and charged with inciting NSM members to set fire to the synagogues in London two years earlier. She received an 18-month jail sentence in January 1968 and was sent to Holloway prison . While in jail, Dior was nicknamed "Nazi Nell" by the other inmates. Jordan divorced his wife in October 1967 on grounds of adultery with Cooper. In 1969 Dior entered in contact with French neo-Nazi Mark Fredriksen and

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1012-605: The NSM in London. On 31 July 1965, she was involved in an arson committed by six NSM members against the Ilford and Lea Bridge Road synagogues. Dior was also the official WUNS representative in France by that year. On 4 June 1965, she was convicted in absentia to a 4-month jail sentence for having displayed neo-Nazi leaflets on the walls of the British embassy in Paris on a previous occasion. Dior then returned to France, where she

1058-678: The Nazi option and with the GBM individually failing to make much headway or attract much support, Tyndall authorised GBM members to support the campaigns of both the BNP and the LEL as well as the Patriotic Party in March 1965. According to John Bean Tyndall wrote personally to Oswald Mosley , A.K. Chesterton and Bean around the same time suggesting that as their four movements had been co-operating unofficially on activities in support of Rhodesia

1104-509: The Trafalgar Square rally held by British neo-Nazi activist Colin Jordan , she travelled to England in the summer of 1962 and became a frequent visitor of the London headquarters of the National Socialist Movement (NSM), a neo-Nazi organisation led by Jordan. The latter began courting Dior and introduced her to Savitri Devi ; Dior and Devi became close friends from that moment. Dior used her fortune and social network to support

1150-758: The WUNS. In Canada, the group was represented by the Canadian Nazi Party , whose leader William John Beattie was chief of the WUNS in the country. It was also active in South America through the Partido Nacionalsocialista Obrero Chileno , a group set up in Chile by Franz Pfeiffer. The National Socialist Movement and its successor British Movement were members. WUNS was represented in Denmark by

1196-617: The creation of the French chapter of the World Union of National Socialists (WUNS), an Anglo-American neo-Nazi organisation established by Jordan and George Lincoln Rockwell at the Cotswold Camp in August 1962. Upon her return to France, she began to head the national section of the WUNS. Dior brought former Waffen SS officer Claude Jeanne to the movement, who founded the West European Federation (FOE) in 1963 –

1242-486: The group, he had expelled Jordan. However, soon afterwards Tyndall gave up his NSM membership and, along with most of the staff from the party's London headquarters, left the group. In August 1964, he announced the formation of the Greater Britain Movement and began publishing its magazine, Spearhead , a name taken from the NSM's largely failed attempt to set up a paramilitary wing. The GBM also gained

1288-437: The influence of the group by appointing Danish neo-Nazi Povl Riis-Knudsen as general secretary. However a split began to develop over the insistence of Koehl that Nazism should also serve as a religion, and eventually he broke away from the WUNS to lead his own version of Nazi mysticism . The split fundamentally weakened the WUNS and its influence declined strongly, despite attempts by Jordan to reinvigorate it. Jordan remained

1334-430: The media coverage of the events, her aunt Catherine Dior , a Ravensbrück concentration camp survivor, issued a press release denouncing "the publicity given by the press and television to [her] niece Françoise Dior's nonsensical statements. The fame of [her] brother Christian Dior must not be used to highlight the scandal and risk tarnishing a name carried with honor and patriotism by members of my family." Savitri Devi

1380-415: The more extreme groups on the far right as was evidenced in 1966 when a number of members were imprisoned for an arson attack on a synagogue , with Tyndall later also jailed for possession of a firearm. The incidents derailed the GBM's drive for unity somewhat as LEL leader A.K. Chesterton was averse to such actions, preferring to maintain a legalist approach. As a result, the GBM undertook negotiations with

1426-464: The movement. After a civil ceremony held in Coventry on 5 October 1963, where demonstrators hurled rotten eggs and apples at the couple as they gave the Nazi salute, Dior and Jordan had a second wedding on 6 October at the NSM headquarters in London. The photographs and newsreel footage of the ceremony – illustrating them mingling blood after cutting their ring fingers with a dagger before letting

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1472-678: The national socialist creed" albeit "in a manner more in touch with British affairs and much more in touch with British interests and aims". However whilst leader of the GBM, Tyndall wrote his Six Principles of British Nationalism in which he broke from the Nazism of Jordan, and called for a parliamentary strategy towards a government that would be corporatist , racialist, and based on the principle of leadership. This state would be ratified by regular referendums, although liberal democracy would be brought to an end. The new movement also advocated laws banning marriage between people of different races and

1518-514: The nominal leader of the organization until his death in 2009, when he was succeeded by Koehl, who was the titular leader until his own death in 2014. A number of groups have become members of the WUNS or accepted association to the group down the years. Given the leadership of Rockwell and Koehl, the American Nazi Party and its successor the National Socialist White People's Party were the main constituent groups of

1564-569: The principal guarantee of Britain's future. Tyndall's ideas have been characterised as an attempt to construct a specifically British national socialism, rather than following Jordan's route of simply transplanting the German version. Such was Tyndall's desire to forge a specifically British form of Nazism that he was characterised by Jordan and other critics as a " John Bull in jackboots ". The GBM did not contest any elections and rather became known for publicity stunts and criminal acts. An example of

1610-477: The relationship, entitled Death by Dior , Terry Cooper, her partner for 13 years, states that Françoise had incestuous relations with her daughter Christiane, who committed suicide in 1978. Cooper also claims in his book that Françoise was responsible for Christiane's death: after becoming displeased with her daughter, Dior allegedly "brainwashed" her into committing suicide. World Union of National Socialists The World Union of National Socialists ( WUNS )

1656-461: The sort of action they were fond of was provided soon after the group was formed when Tyndall's deputy Martin Webster attempted to assault President of Kenya Jomo Kenyatta , a headline-grabbing stunt that also saw Webster serve a short spell in prison. Tyndall had also been present at the incident, which took place as Kenyatta exited a hotel in London at which he was staying, and Tyndall was given

1702-574: The split, and during their spell as members of the British National Party , Jordan had faced the same criticism from John Bean with Tyndall increasingly echoing Bean's view. This division led to a showdown at the April 1964 NSM conference when Tyndall demanded that Jordan give control of the movement to him. On 11 May 1964, Jordan moved to expel Tyndall from the NSM, although the following day Tyndall claimed that, having taken control of

1748-446: The support of James McIntyre's National Student Front which until that time had been loyal to the NSM. Tyndall would later claim that he had formed the GBM merely as a stopgap to keep his supporters united, stating that he felt, even in 1964, that their future lay in working more closely with other similar groups. The first issue of Spearhead stated that the new movement would adhere "without fear and without compromise to every tenet of

1794-414: The use of medical procedures to prevent those with "hereditary defects" from having children: For the protection of British blood, racial laws will be enacted forbidding marriage between Britons and non-Aryans. Medical measures will be taken to prevent procreation on the part of all those who have hereditary defects, either racial, mental, or physical. A pure, strong, healthy British race will be regarded as

1840-452: The year was out Chesterton relented and allowed the GBM to join the NF 'on probation', leading to the GBM ceasing to exist. In June of that year Tyndall told the GBM membership, which at that point stood at 138, that the movement was disbanded and that they should join the National Front as individuals. Fran%C3%A7oise Dior Marie Françoise Suzanne Dior (7 April 1932 – 20 January 1993)

1886-431: Was a French socialite and neo-Nazi underground financier. She was the niece of French fashion designer Christian Dior and Resistance fighter Catherine Dior , who publicly distanced herself from her niece after she married British neo-Nazi activist Colin Jordan in 1963. She was a close friend of Savitri Devi . Marie Françoise Suzanne Dior was born on 7 April 1932, the daughter of Madeline Leblanc and Raymond Dior,

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1932-576: Was an antiques dealer named Gordon Brown and in late 1966 he gave Tyndall the funds to purchase a small shop in Tulse Hill which Tyndall converted into the Nationalist Centre. The centre welcomed regular visitors from the BNP and League of Empire Loyalists although, according to the BNP's Rodney Legg, some of the older LEL members were appalled by the Nazi ephemera and loaded guns on display. In January 1965, Tyndall had attempted to make

1978-544: Was arrested in Nice on 4 October 1966 and held in custody for the Paris event. She was released in February 1967, then eloped to Jersey with her new lover, Terence Cooper, whom she had met at the NSM. The couple soon relocated to Normandy, where they were visited by Savitri Devi, then reappeared in the summer of 1967 in a council house of Dagenham , East London rented by Cooper's family. Both of them had been expelled from

2024-558: Was not particularly wealthy. He later joined the far-right Front National in 1985. When British fascist Martin Webster started his short-lived group Our Nation following his expulsion from the National Front in December 1983, Dior allegedly paid some of his legal expenses. She died of lung cancer on 20 January 1993 in the American Hospital of Neuilly-sur-Seine , aged 60. In his 2013 autobiographical account of

2070-558: Was signed by neo-Nazis from the United States, the United Kingdom, France ( Savitri Devi ), West Germany ( Bruno Ludtke ), Austria, and Belgium. More member nations would join later throughout the decade, including Argentina, Australia, Chile, Ireland, Iran, India, South Africa, Korea, Japan, Peru, and Ukraine. Following Rockwell's assassination in 1967, control of the WUNS passed to Matt Koehl , who attempted to extend

2116-498: Was unable to attend the wedding; she had been banned from Britain following the Cotswold founding camp of the WUNS in 1962. Only three months after her wedding to Jordan, the couple separated, again attracting sensational coverage in the press. Dior-Jordan, as she was by then calling herself, was rapidly disillusioned by her husband's leadership qualities and publicly dismissed him as a "middle-class nobody". The Daily Mirror ran

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