Misplaced Pages

#467532

30-560: The GSL was led by Haaji Mahammad Husseen . It was formed by dissidents of the Somali Youth League (SYL). The party was fiercely nationalist and called for the unification of all Somali areas into one state. It charged the Somali Youth League with not wanting the unification of Somalia. Haaji Mahammad Husseen and a group of his followers were arrested after violent protests and put to trial. The GSL boycotted

60-768: A key role in the nation's road to independence during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. During the Second World War , Britain occupied Italian Somaliland and militarily administered the territory from 1941 to 1950. Under British rule in Somalia The first modern Somali political party, the Somali Youth Club (SYC), was subsequently established in Harar in 1943. At its foundation in 1943, the party had thirteen founding members. Later opened office in mogaishu. SYL supported Greater Somalia with Harar being

90-563: A new constitution , which was first drafted in 1960. In the first national elections after independence, held on 30 March 1964, the SYL won an absolute majority of 69 of the 123 parliamentary seats. The remaining seats were divided among 11 parties. Five years from then, in general elections held in March 1969, the ruling SYL led by Mohammed Ibrahim Egal returned to power. However, in the same year, then President of Somalia Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke

120-768: A revolt against the Italians during the colonial period. This revolt was mainly led by the Biimaal section of the Dir. The Biimaal clan is widely known for leading a resistance against the colonials in southern Somalia .The Biimaal violently resisted the imposition of colonialism and fought against the Italian colonialists of Italian Somaliland in a twenty-year war known as the Bimal revolt in which many of their warriors assassinated several Italian governors. This revolt can be compared to

150-497: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Somali Youth League The Somali Youth League ( SYL , Somali : Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed 𐒚𐒇𐒚𐒇𐒏𐒖 𐒊𐒖𐒐𐒘𐒒𐒕𐒖𐒇𐒖𐒆𐒖 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒜𐒆 , Arabic : رابطة الشباب الصومالي, Italian : Lega dei Giovani Somali or Lega Somala della Gioventù ), initially known as the Somali Youth Club ( SYC ), was the first political party in Somalia . It played

180-509: Is a list of other notable public officials that emerged from the SYL's ranks: The Somali Youth League's establishment on May 15, 1943 is annually commemorated in Somalia. Official celebrations are organized throughout the country on this Somali Youth Day to honour the SYL's members and their key role in the nation's path to independence. In 2014, government representatives, youth associations, women's groups, singers and local residents celebrated

210-607: The Somali Republic , albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal with Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the first President of the Somali Republic, and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister , later to become President (from 1967–1969). On July 20, 1961 and through a popular referendum , the Somali people ratified

240-597: The official language of the Trusteeship instead of Italian and further requested that Italian government not bring back officials from the fascist era. The first half of AFIS's decade long rule would be marked by animosity and conflict between the Italian authorities and the Somali Youth League. Numerous SYL officials who had gained positions of prominence during the era of British Military Administration were either demoted, removed from their positions or imprisoned by Italians officials. These attempts to marginalize

270-577: The 1958 municipal election, charging harassment from the SYL. It also boycotted the later 1959 elections. In 1958, Halima Godane was elected to Mogadishu's city council, representing the party. During its existence, the party enjoyed good relations with the Republican Union in French Somaliland . This Somalia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an African political party

300-578: The Afran Qallo tribes . The Dir were supporters of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi during his 16th century conquest of Abyssinia ; especially the Gurgura , Issa , Bursuk and Gadabuursi . In his medieval Futuh Al-Habash documenting this campaign, the chronicler Shihāb al-Dīn indicates that thousands of Dir soldiers took part in Imam Ahmad's Adal Sultanate army. The Dir clan also led

330-503: The Dir clan goes back 1400 years. In Zeila , a Dir city, a mosque called Masjid al-Qiblatayn is known as the site of where early companions of the Prophet established a mosque shortly after the first Migration to Abyssinia By the 7th century, a large-scale conversion to Islam was taking place in the Somali peninsula, first spread by the Dir clan family, to the rest of the nation. The early Adal Kingdom (9th century to 13th century)

SECTION 10

#1732772676468

360-493: The Dir represent the most native and indigenous Somali clan tree in Harar . The city Dire Dawa was originally called Dir Dhabe and used to be part of Adal Sultanate during the medieval times and was exclusively settled by Dir which is a major Somali tribe and after the weakening of Adal Sultanate, the Oromos took advantage and were able to penetrate through the city and settle into these areas and also assimilate some of

390-521: The Dir, a Proto-Somali , together with the Hawiye trace ancestry through Irir son of Samaale. Dir is regarded as the father-in-law of Darod, the progenitor of the Darod clan Although some sources state it was the daughter of Hawiye who Darod married. Dir clan lineages: According to others, Dir had a fifth son, Qaldho Dir. DNA analysis of Dir clan members inhabiting Djibouti found that all of

420-562: The NFD and the Ogaden; to create opportunities for universal modern education; to develop the Somali language by a standard national orthography; to safeguard Somali interests; and to oppose the restoration of Italian rule. SYL policy banned clannishness so that the thirteen founding members, although representing four of Somalia's five major clans, refused to disclose their clan affiliations. Although

450-780: The SYL enjoyed considerable popular support from northerners, the principal parties in British Somaliland were the Somali National League (SNL) and National United Front (NUF), mainly associated with the Isaaq clan, and the United Somali Party (USP), which had the support of the Dir ( Gadabuursi ) and Darod ( Dulbahante and Warsangali ) clans. In 1945, the Potsdam conference was held, where it

480-502: The Somali Youth League's 71st anniversary. Dir (clan) The Dir ( Somali : Dir ) is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa . They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti , Somalia , Ethiopia ( Somali , Harar , Dire Dawa , Oromia and Afar regions), and northeastern Kenya ( North Eastern Province ). Like

510-563: The capital and a combined Harari-Somali representatives were commissioned to reveal this proposal to the U.N office in Mogadishu. Somali Youth League members were significantly influenced by the earlier religious rebellion at the turn of the century of various religious figures such as Uways al-Barawi , Sheikh Hassan Barsane and Mohammed Abdullah Hassan . To empower the new party, the better educated police and civil servants were permitted to join it. By 1948, following an official visit to

540-484: The formation, boundaries, and administration of a Somali Trust Territory known as Somalia, this territory to consist of all areas present predominantly populated by Somalis ." In November 1949 the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of the former Italian Somaliland . The Somali Youth League was firmly against Italian return to Somalia in any form, and campaigned against the return of Italian rule with

570-423: The great majority of Somali clans , the Dir trace their ancestry to Aqil ibn Abi Talib ( c.  580 – 670 or 683 ), a cousin of the prophet Muhammad ( c.  570 – 632 ) and an older brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib ( c.  600 – 661 ) and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib ( c.  590 – 629 ). They trace their lineage to Aqil through Samaale (the source of the name 'Somali'), the purported forefather of

600-616: The individuals belonged to the Y-DNA T1 paternal haplogroup. The main subclans of the Dir today are: 1. Mahe 2. Madaluug 3. Madoobe 4. Madahweyne For the first time since several centuries the Dir clan which widely dispersed in the Horn of Africa has successfully convened a meeting with all the major Dir subclans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Suldaan Dhawal, of the Habr 'Affan Gadabuursi

630-410: The league would lead to demonstrations across the country which were strongly repressed by the government, who had at the time come to decision not cooperate or concede to the SYL's plans. British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until June 26, 1960, when it became independent. The former Italian Somaliland followed suit five days later. On July 1, 1960, the two territories united to form

SECTION 20

#1732772676468

660-533: The local Gurgura clan. The Somali Dir clan used to be the predominant inhabitants of Hararghe Highlands in the medieval times until the weakening of Adal Sultanate the Oromos took advantage of the crippling state and decided to invade and occupy the Haraghe Highlands and assimilate the local native Somali population which were Gurgura and Bursuk who were all sub-clans of Dir a major Somali tribe tree and were later confederated into Oromo Ethnics,

690-512: The northern pastoralist clans such as the Dir, the Hawiye , and – matrilineally through the Dir– the Isaaq and the Darod . Although these genealogical claims are historically untenable legends, they do reflect the longstanding cultural contacts between Somalia (especially, though not exclusively, its most northern part Somaliland ) and Southern Arabia . The history of Islam being practised by

720-427: The slogan, "No matter what the color, a wolf is always a wolf." Before the Italians returned to Somalia, the SYL held a major summit in order to formulate a common policy and unified attitude toward the Trusteeship government. It was initially decided to launch an armed resistance, but after serious deliberation the league came to the conclusion that a more temperate course would be better for Somali citizens. Following

750-435: The summits conclusion the SYL delivered a paper to the chief Italian administrator explaining its position. The League informed the administration that it would continue to agitate for independence and expressed hope that the new government would not resist SYL efforts. It was made clear that the organization was willing to cooperate with the Trusteeship authorities if they reciprocated. The League demanded that Arabic be made

780-669: The territory by the Four Power Commission, the SYC was a well-structured political unit, Abdullahi Issa was elected as its secretary general and renamed itself as the Somali Youth League (SYL) and began to open offices not only in Italian and British Somaliland , but also in the Ogaden and in the Northern Frontier District (NFD). The SYL's stated objectives were to unify all Somali territories, including

810-675: The war of the Mad Mullah in Somaliland . The Biimaal mainly lives in Somalia , the Somali region of Ethiopia , which their Gaadsen sub-clan mainly inhabits and in the NEP region of Kenya . The Biimaal are pastoralists. They were also successful merchants and traders in the 19th century. In the 19th century they have engaged in multiple wars with the Geledi clan, which they were victorious in. I.M. Lewis and many sources maintain that

840-800: Was an exclusive kingdom with its capital being Zeila . In the 10th century, the Jarso clan a sub-division of Dir established the Dawaro Sultanate centred in Hararghe Highlands. Dir is one of the oldest clans in the Horn of Africa. According to the Muslim chronicles, two of the oldest monarchies in the northern region, the Ifat and Adal sultanates, were led by Dir. The Dir, along with the Akisho , Gurgura , Issa and Gadabuursi subclans of

870-572: Was assassinated. In 1969 military coup ensued, with Siad Barre now assuming leadership. Barre's Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic , arrested members of the former government, banned political parties, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution. The following is a list of the SYL's 13 original The following

900-574: Was decided not to return Italian Somaliland to Italy. The Somali Youth League had proposed a UN Trusteeship to lead Somalia to independence, under the condition that it was not under Italian administration and that the Trusteeship managed all Somali territories. In a memo to the UN the SYL stated: "We do not pretend we can stand on our own feet for the moment, but ask the United Nations Trusteeship council to decide questions relating to

#467532