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49-534: As of 2012, Greater Tehran had a population of close to 14 million residents. The 2016 census had the population at 13.3 million in Tehran Province (only 200 thousands of them outside Tehran and the suburban counties) and 2.2 million in Karaj and Fardis combined. So it can be estimated that the population of the urban agglomeration was about 15 million people in 2016, and it is sinking 25 cm per year because of

98-749: A Royal Navy Fleet Review ), and finally in 1889 and was reportedly amazed with the technology he saw. During his visit to the United Kingdom in 1873, Naser al-Din Shah was appointed by Queen Victoria a Knight of the Order of the Garter , the highest English order of chivalry. He was the first Persian monarch to be honoured as such. His travel diary of his 1873 trip has been published in several languages, including Persian, German, French, and Dutch. In 1890 Naser al-Din met British major Gerald F. Talbot and signed

147-467: A contract with him giving him the ownership of the Persian tobacco industry, but he later was forced to cancel the contract after Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi issued a fatwa that made farming, trading, and consuming tobacco haram (forbidden). Consuming tobacco from the newly monopolized 'Talbet' company represented foreign exploitation, so for that reason it was deemed immoral. It even affected

196-409: A 50-year concession on the purchase, sale, and processing of all tobacco in the country, which led to a national boycott of tobacco and the withdrawal of the concession. This last incident is considered by many authorities to be the origin of modern Iranian nationalism . Naser al-Din was assassinated by Mirza Reza Kermani , a follower of Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī , when he was visiting and praying in

245-462: A population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the 1,419 km (548 sq mi) county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad , and Isfahan . Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj County since the previous census. The area around Karaj has been inhabited for thousands of years, as shown by

294-578: A shelter for travelers. Naser al-Din Shah Qajar later renovated the palace. In 1917, a School of Farming was established on the site, replacing the earlier Mozaffari Agricultural School in Tehran. Later, Reza Pahlavi granted it to the University of Tehran 's new Faculty of Agriculture. In the 1930s, plans were drawn up for a large industrial complex covering 216 hectares on the south side of

343-525: Is Enghelab Stadium that located in Karaj Enghelab sport complex and has a capacity of 15,000 people. The stadium held a match between Iran and Indonesia in June 2009. The stadium also held an international match, on May 1, 2012, where Iran's National Football team played Mozambique . Saipa volleyball team lost to Kalleh in this stadium in 2011–12 and became the runner-up in the final match of

392-642: Is one of the busiest sections in Iran with AADT of 217084. Karaj– Qazvin has an AADT of 79606. The aerial transport of Karaj is served by the Payam International Airport , which was established in 1990, and was officially opened in 1997. Currently, the total number of buses in Karaj and the suburbs are 1,600 units. More than 80 lines serve citizens. Preparing Alborz Card can reduce the cost of travel tickets. The Karaj Metro consists of two lines. Line One travels from west to east through

441-479: Is used to training and tournaments. Jahanshahr International Tennis Complex is located in Bagh Fateh. This park has eight practice courts and one competition court with a capacity of 1,200 people. It is the only tennis complex in Iran that has covered courts. Educational and research centers of the city include: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al Ḥasan al-Karajī (Persian: ابو بکر محمد بن الحسن الکرجی; c. 953 – c. 1029)

490-528: The Bronze Age site of Tepe Khurvin and the Iron Age site of Kalak. However, the present-day city of Karaj is mostly the result of modern industrial development in the 20th century. Karaj was mostly significant as a stage on the road between Tehran and Qazvin . In Safavid times, a stone bridge was built that served as the main crossing into the town. The large Shah-Abbasi Caravansarai , located at

539-517: The Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine on 1 May 1896. It is said that the revolver used to assassinate him was old and rusty, and had he worn a thicker overcoat, or been shot from a longer range, he would have survived the attempt on his life. Shortly before his death, he is reported to have said "I will rule you differently if I survive!" The assassin was prosecuted by the defence minister, Nazm ol-Dowleh. Nasser-al-Din Shah's assassination and

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588-464: The 30th century BC. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar Empire and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran." Although the county hosts

637-476: The Alborz Province of Iran. The airport was established in 1990, but was not opened officially until 1997. Payam Aviation Services Co. operates the airport as part of Payam Special Economic Zone. Payam Air previously operated an airmail hub at the airport. Currently, this airport and its special area are used for purposes such as cargo transit, commercial transportation, and goods mail in the development of

686-522: The Shah's personal life as his wives did not allow him to smoke. This was not the end of Naser al-Din's attempts to give concessions to Europeans; he later gave the ownership of Persian customs incomes to Paul Julius Reuter . He defeated various rebels in the Iranian provinces, most notably in Khorasan , balanced the budget by introducing reforms to the tax system, curbed the power of the clergy in

735-847: The accelerated influx and the overuse of natural resources. Since the 1960s, much of Greater Tehran's growth has been caused by an influx of urban poor into informal settlements on the fringe. Greater Tehran should not be confused with the following: There is no exact definition of Tehran agglomeration borders and composition. Beside Tehran County , also Shemiranat County , Ray County , Eslamshahr County , Pakdasht County , Robat-Karim County , Varamin County , Shahriar County , Qods County , Malard County , Pishva County , and Baharestan County in Tehran Province and also Karaj County and probably even Nazarabad County and Savojbolagh County in Alborz Province can be regarded as parts of

784-475: The agglomeration. This Tehran province location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Karaj Karaj ( Persian : کرج ; pronounced [kæˈɾædʒ] ) is a city in the Central District of Karaj County , Alborz province, Iran , serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The earliest records of Karaj date back to

833-543: The city (from Karaj Station to Golshahr Station). It continues eastward to become Line Five of the Tehran Metro . On its way to Tehran, it stops at Chitgar park and Azadi stadium. The second line of Karaj metro (north to south) is under construction and opened for limited service in February 2023. Payam International Airport , is an international airport located in Karaj, 40 kilometers (25  mi) from Tehran, in

882-559: The city's climate as cold semi-arid (BSk). Amir Kabir Dam and some other small lakes are based in Karaj. The city is a starting point for a drive along road forced north through the Alborz mountain to the Caspian Sea . The economic base of Karaj is its proximity to Tehran . It is due to the transportation of products between Tehran and the Caspian Sea . Chemicals, fertilizers and processed agricultural goods are also produced in

931-525: The city. Zowb Āhan, the avenue leading to an industrial plant, is located at the south of Ostandar Square. Zowb e Āhan or Zowb Āhan , literally "steel mill", was a contract between the Pahlavi government and a consortium from Nazi Germany . The establishment of the factory Zowb Āhan e Karaj was halted by the beginning of the Second World War , and it was never launched. Šahrak-e Jahānšahr

980-503: The corpse was conveyed on a very high funeral car and was 'high' in more ways than one". His one-piece marble tombstone, bearing his full effigy, is now kept in the Golestan Palace Museum in Tehran. Naser al-Din Shah was very interested in painting and photography . He was a talented painter and, even though he had not been trained, was an expert in pen and ink drawing. Several of his pen and ink drawings survive. He

1029-593: The country's communication and information technology industries. Karaj was formerly home of the Persian Gulf Pro League club Saipa for several years, and this club won its first league championship in this city; in 2014 the team relocated to Tehran. Currently the only professional football team in city is Oxin Alborz that play in the Azadegan League . The Home stadium of Oxin Alborz F.C.

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1078-498: The country's volleyball premier league. Saipa has won the runner-up title of Iran Super League seven times. One of the international ski resorts of Iran The, Dizin ski resort , is located a few kilometers north-east of the city, in the Alborz . In Dizin, along with skiing facilities, there are tennis courtyards, a slope for skiing on turf, some altitudes for mountain climbing and walking as well as riding and some routes for cycling. Karaj also has an international tennis complex which

1127-440: The establishment of newspapers in the country and made use of modern forms of technology such as telegraph, photography and also planned concessions for railways and irrigation works. Despite his modernizing reforms on education, his tax reforms were abused by people in power, and the government was viewed as corrupt and unable to protect commoners from abuse by the upper class which led to increasing anti-governmental sentiments. He

1176-584: The famous Persian reformer. With him, many believe, died the prospect of an independent Persia led by meritocracy rather than nepotism. In the later years of his rule, however, Naser al-Din steadfastly refused to deal with the growing pressures for reforms. He also granted a series of concessionary rights to foreigners in return for large payments. In 1872, popular pressure forced him to withdraw one concession involving permission to construct such complexes as railways and irrigation works throughout Persia. He visited Europe in 1873, 1878 and 1889. In 1890, he granted

1225-710: The judiciary, built several military factories, improved relations with other powers to curb British and Russian influence, opened the first newspaper called Vaghaye-Ettefaghieh , embellished and modernized cities (for example by building the Tehran Bazaar ) and most importantly opened the first Iranian school for upper education called the Dar ul-Funun where many Iranian intellectuals received their education. The Shah gradually lost interest in reform. However, he took some important measures such as introducing telegraphy and postal services and building roads. He also increased

1274-604: The major districts of the city: Open space recreational areas of Karaj include Irānzamin Park, Pārk e Xānvāde, Tennis Park, Pārk e Mādar, Tāleqān Gardens, Kordān Gardens, Jahānšahr Gardens, Pardis e Golhā, and the Tulip Garden of Gačsār. The climate of Karaj is a bit cooler than Tehran's, and it receives 250 mm of rain annually (and like Tehran, the precipitation pattern is similar to those of Mediterranean climates). The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies

1323-439: The monarchy, since it did not have the power to enforce them. The people followed the ulama's fatwas instead of state-issued law. When Naser al-Din took power, his army barely had 3,000 men which was significantly smaller than the armies under various tribal leaders. When the state needed a proper army, he would hire the local militias. Prior to his reforms, Naser's government had very little power over their subjects and even during

1372-455: The province in the establishment of Alborz province. The downtown of Karaj is usually referred to Karaj Square, located hundred of meters to the west of Karaj River and the old Karaj Bridge. The villages Hesārak, Gowhar Dašt, and Šahrak e Azimie are located in the northern Greater Karaj. Meškin Dašt, a large agricultural area between Mehršahr and Fardis, is near Karaj. The following table includes

1421-571: The reforms, they faced more scrutiny over their ability to implement those reforms successfully. Naser al-Din was in Tabriz when he heard of his father's death in 1848, and he ascended to the Sun Throne with the help of Amir Kabir . During his reign he would have to deal with the Revolt of Hasan Khan Salar , as well as insurrections by Babis . Naser al-Din had early reformist tendencies, but

1470-485: The second major ethno-linguistic group of the city. Kurds , Gilak , Tabari and Lurs include the other ethnicities among the population of Karaj. At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 1,377,450 in 385,955 households, when it was in Tehran province. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,592,492 people in 508,420 households, by which time the county had been separated from

1519-560: The size of the state's military and created a new group called the Persian Cossack Brigade which was trained and armed by the Russians. He was the first Persian to be photographed and was a patron of photography who had himself photographed hundreds of times. His final prime minister was Ali Asghar Khan , who after the shah's assassination aided in securing the transfer of the throne to Mozaffar al-Din . Although he

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1568-543: The southeast of Towhid Square, was built in the same era, under the rule of Šāh Esmāil . In 1810, the Qajar prince Soleyman Mirza built the Soleymaniyeh Palace at Karaj to serve as a summer resort. The palace had four towers and was surrounded by gardens, and its reception room featured a pair of paintings by Abdallah Khan Naqqashbandi . By 1860, however, the palace was described as abandoned and only used as

1617-689: The subsequent execution of Kermani marked a turning point in Iranian political thought that would ultimately lead to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution during his successor Mozzafar-al-Din Shah 's turbulent reign. Naser al-Din was buried in the Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine, in Rayy near Tehran , where he was assassinated. His funeral took place six months after his death. A British diplomat who spoke with some who had been present, Charles Hardinge , commented "...

1666-496: The subway system of Tehran . The city is served Karaj Metro with 2 lines and 10 stations. Karaj urban railway organization established on 21 December 2001. The highway system of Karaj includes Tehran–Karaj Highway, Karaj Special Road, and the old road of Karaj (Fath Highway). Bākeri Expressway is one of the main north-to-south routes in west Tehran, which is connected to the Tehran–Karaj Highway. Tehran–Karaj Highway

1715-505: The territory in the Caucasus irrevocably lost to Russia in the early 19th century, Naser al-Din sought compensation by seizing Herat , in 1856. Great Britain regarded the move as a threat to British India and declared war on Persia , forcing the return of Herat as well as Persia's recognition of the kingdom of Afghanistan. Naser al-Din was the first modern Persian monarch to visit Europe in 1873 and then again in 1878 (when he saw

1764-401: The territory of Payam International Airport , was established in Karaj for development of air cargo and postal transportation, cold store, and packing services, as well as perishable and time sensitive exports. It is the only SEZ in the region with the privilege of its own airline . Small and medium women's clothing companies in Karaj produce all kinds of daily clothes and leather boots. Karaj

1813-428: The ulama enabled them to remain structurally independent, keeping madrasahs open and supporting the students therein. The ulama also maintained their authority to challenge state law. To fund these new institutions and building projects, Naser repeatedly used tax farming to increase state revenue. Tax collectors routinely abused their power and the government was viewed as corrupt and unable to protect them from abuse by

1862-453: The upper class. This anti-government sentiment increased the ulama's power over the people because they were able to provide them security. Keddie states in her book, Roots of Revolution: An Interpretive History of Modern Iran , that at the time "it was still considered a sign of greater status to be admitted to the ranks of the ulama than it was to become a member of the civil service." In 1852 Naser al-Din dismissed and executed Amir Kabir ,

1911-533: The village. This "Industrial Model Town of Karaj" was intended to be the site of the country's first steel mills , capitalizing on easy access to water and coal from the Alborz. However, the construction equipment imported from Germany was impounded by the British going through the Suez Canal in 1940, and the planned complex was never built. A major industrial complex, the first privately-owned one in Karaj,

1960-739: Was a 10th-century Persian mathematician and engineer who flourished at Baghdad. He was born in Karaj, a city near Tehran. His three principal surviving works are mathematical: Al-Badi' fi'l-hisab (Wonderful on calculation), Al-Fakhri fi'l-jabr wa'l-muqabala (Glorious on algebra), and Al-Kafi fi'l-hisab (Sufficient on calculation). [REDACTED] Media related to Karaj at Wikimedia Commons [REDACTED] Karaj travel guide from Wikivoyage [REDACTED] Iran portal Naser al-Din Shah Qajar Naser al-Din Shah Qajar ( Persian : ناصرالدین‌شاه قاجار , romanized :  Nāser-ad-Din Ŝāh-e Qājār ; 17 July 1831 – 1 May 1896)

2009-576: Was a transit and industrial town. Majority of the structure is now controlled by the Basij Organization , and some sections of it are open to public under the operation of Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran . Other historical sites of the city include the Mausoleum of Šāhzāde Soleymān, Emāmzāde Rahmān, Emāmzāde Zeyd, and Palang Ābād e Eštehārd . The majority of the residents of Karaj are Persians , with Azerbaijanis making up

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2058-442: Was assassinated when visiting a shrine in Rayy near Tehran . The state under Naser al-Din was the recognized government of Iran, but its authority was undermined by local tribal leaders. The religious and tribal chieftains held quite a bit of autonomy over their communities. Naser al-Din was not effective in implementing his sovereignty over his people. Local groups had their own militias and oftentimes did not obey laws passed by

2107-610: Was built in the 1960s by Mohammad-Sadeq Fateh. This complex, called Shahrak-e Jahanshahr, included oil, tea, and textile factories as well as housing for the workers. The Morvārid Palace was constructed in nearby Mehršahr district, during the Pahlavi era . It was designed by the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation ( Taliesin Associated Architects ) on instructions from Shams Pahlavi , elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi . In this period it

2156-515: Was dictatorial in his style of government. With his sanction, thousands of Bábis were killed, this was in reaction to an assassination attempt from a small group of Bábis. This treatment continued under his prime minister Amir Kabir, who even ordered the execution of the Báb – regarded as a manifestation of God to Bábí's and Baháʼís , and to historians as the founder of the Bábí religion . Unable to regain

2205-399: Was one of the few Iranian cities in the 2010s that controlled the damage to the environment in the process of producing women's clothing. Karaj women's over-the-knee boots are exported to the whole country and have a significant contribution to the city's economy. Karaj is connected by railway and highways to Tehran 40 km east and Qazvin 100 km northwest, and by commuter rail to

2254-557: Was one of the first photographers in Persia and was a patron of the art. He established a photography studio in Golestan Palace . Naser al-Din was also a poet . 200 couplets of his were recorded in the preface of Majma'ul Fusahā , a work by Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat about poets of the Qajar period. He was interested in history and geography and had many books on these topics in his library. He also knew French and English , but

2303-428: Was successful in introducing those western-based reforms, he was not successful in gaining complete sovereignty over his people or getting them to accept these reforms. The school he opened, Dar al-Funun, had very small enrollment numbers. The restrictions defined by Sh'ia Islam on the shah's collection of the zakat led to those funds going straight into the coffers of the ulama. Therefore, the financial autonomy given to

2352-441: Was the first modern private industrial and housing complex of Karaj, built in the 1960s. The factories Jahān Čit (textile factory), Rowqan Nabāti e Jahān (oil factory), and Čāy e Jahān (tea factory), were established at the complex. It is one of the largest industrial zones of the nation, with a 20% share of the national GDP. The special economic zone of Payam, with an area about 3,600 ha (36 km ; 8,900 acres) within

2401-622: Was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated . He was the son of Mohammad Shah Qajar and Malek Jahan Khanom and the third longest reigning monarch in Iranian history after Shapur II of the Sassanid dynasty and Tahmasp I of the Safavid dynasty . Nasser al-Din Shah had sovereign power for close to 51 years. He was the first modern Persian monarch who formally visited Europe and wrote of his travels in his memoirs . A modernist, he allowed

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