127-637: Greater Western Sydney ( GWS ) is a large region of the metropolitan area of Greater Sydney , New South Wales (NSW), Australia that generally embraces the north-west, south-west, central-west, far western and the Blue Mountains sub-regions within Sydney's metropolitan area and encompasses 11 local government areas : Blacktown , Blue Mountains , Camden , Campbelltown , Cumberland , Fairfield , Hawkesbury , Liverpool , Parramatta , Penrith and Wollondilly . It includes Western Sydney , which has
254-418: A daring raid on Parramatta , where he was severely wounded and fled. His band was accused of killing four settlers and falsely accused of raping women. The government issued orders for his capture, dead or alive. He was killed by two settlers in 1802, and his head was severed, pickled and dispatched by King to Sir Joseph Banks . To date Pemulwuy's head has not been returned and he has not had a proper burial. It
381-651: A curve around Pennant Hills , Baulkham Hills , Blacktown , Seven Hills and Liverpool before ending on the banks of the Georges River opposite East Hills . A non-contiguous section would then have covered the western Sutherland Shire , roughly bordered by the Georges River in the north and the Woronora River in the east, connecting up existing national parks in the north and south. The plan would have constrained suburbanised "Western Sydney" to
508-477: A high amount of Islamic adherents, such as Lakemba (59.2%), South Granville (49%) and Old Guildford (45.9%). Buddhism was the common response in the suburbs of Cabramatta , Canley Vale and Canley Heights , with 43.0%, 37.1% and 38.4% adhering to it, respectively. In Harris Park , to the northwest, Hinduism was the common religion with 44.8% of its inhabitants practicing it. Westmead (40.8%), Parramatta (28.5%) and Rosehill (24.0%) also had Hinduism as
635-677: A large amount of suburban development both in the current suburb of Blacktown and the new suburbs that sprung up around it, which led to civic development in the town centre with the Blacktown Hospital opening in 1965. In the 1960s and 1970s, migration from south-east Asia as a result of the Vietnam War transformed Cabramatta into a thriving Asian community. Also in the 1970s, an influx of Middle Eastern immigrants, namely Lebanese people , settled in Lidcombe , Bankstown and
762-526: A motion, opposed by some councillors, to begin a process to consider changing the name "Blacktown". An online petition was launched calling for the recognition of the Dharug people in 2012. In 2020, the Hills Shire Council , whose local government area covers Dharug land, caused controversy by rejecting requests to include an Acknowledgement of Country at its meetings. The Hills Shire Council
889-400: A much smaller area than it is now, stretching from Lidcombe in the east to Westmead in the west, centred on the urban centre of Parramatta. However, the need to house an "explosion" in population after the war, together with continued demand for suburban housing, led to the "green belt" being whittled away starting from the 1960s. Although a version of the green belt survives, for example, in
1016-554: A number of different definitions, although the one consistently used is the region composed of ten local government authorities , most of which are members of the Western Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (WSROC). The NSW Government's Office of Western Sydney calls the region "Greater Western Sydney". Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity occurred in the Sydney metropolitan area from around 30,000 years ago . The Darug people lived in
1143-401: A sandstone flour mill and additional brewery . The land was also used for wheat farming until 1861 when wheat rust infected the entire crop. The rural regions were chiefly one of dairying and grazing during the 19th century, but in the early 20th century – because of its rural atmosphere and proximity to Sydney – tourism developed as people opened their homes as guest houses . Today,
1270-506: A traditional way of life, originally came from the Dharug language term mayal , which denoted any person hailing from another tribe. Norman Tindale reckoned Dharug lands as encompassing 2,300 square miles (6,000 km ), taking in the mouth of the Hawkesbury River , and running inland as far as Mount Victoria . It took in the areas around Campbelltown , Liverpool , Camden , Penrith and Windsor . Traditionally, there
1397-454: A warning. In 1801, Governor King ordered troops to patrol farms on the Georges River and shoot any Dharug on sight. The guerrilla was so effective that in 1816 Governor Macquarie forbade Aboriginals to carry any weapons within two kilometres of a house or a town or to congregate in groups bigger than six. He also authorised settlers to establish vigilante groups and the creation of three new military outposts. A group led by Pemulwuy made
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#17327646806181524-459: A working class background, with major employment in the heavy industries and vocational trade. Encompassing significant areas of national parks, waterways and parklands, agricultural lands, natural bushland and a range of recreational and sporting facilities, the region also largely contains remnants of critically endangered native Cumberland Plain Bushland and World Heritage -listed areas of
1651-449: Is Parramatta . Some suburbs across different local government areas in this region include Granville , Doonside , Cabramatta , Windsor , Wentworthville , Glenorie , Westmead , St Marys , Kellyville and Edmondson Park . The Canterbury-Bankstown region is centered on the City of Canterbury-Bankstown local government area but is not coextensive with it. It is generally regarded as
1778-631: Is 'lost' in the British Museum in London. Pemulwuy's son, Tedbury , raided farms until 1810. Another famous raider was Mosquito . He led a group for two decades, until he was captured and hanged in Van Diemen's land in 1823. Smallpox , introduced in 1789 by the British, wiped out up to 90% of the population in some areas. They lived in the natural caves and overhangs in the sandstone of
1905-486: Is a diverse area when it comes to socio-economics , with the two largest industries in the region being manufacturing and construction . Of the 544,000 jobs situated in the GWS, 75% of those who live in the region also work there. The Smithfield – Wetherill Park Industrial Estate is the largest industrial estate in the southern hemisphere and is the centre of manufacturing and distribution in GWS. Lying strategically between
2032-586: Is a region name used mostly in administrative and statistical contexts. It is based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics statistical area of the same name. It covers both the Parish of St George (which covers the whole of this region except for the former City of Bankstown area), and the Parish of Bankstown. It therefore includes the local government area of Georges River Council (in the southeast),
2159-573: Is a subset of South Western Sydney and Greater Western Sydney , and sometimes with some overlap with the Inner West region. The primary centre of Canterbury-Bankstown is Bankstown . The City of Canterbury-Bankstown participates in the Southern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (SSROC) along with ten other councils in the Inner West, City, Eastern Suburbs and St George regions. The "Inner South West"
2286-481: Is constantly growing. The south and southwest of Sydney is drained by the Georges River , flowing north from its source near Appin, towards Liverpool and then turning east towards Botany Bay . Minor waterways draining Sydney's western suburbs include South Creek and Eastern Creek , flowing into the Hawkesbury, and Prospect Creek draining into the Georges River. Cowan Creek and Berowra Creek run north from
2413-408: Is cooler, with days above 30 °C (86 °F) happening on average only 1.1 times during the month. Days cooler than 20 °C (68 °F) occur more regularly leading into May. In May, days are usually mild, ranging from 17 to 24 °C (63 to 75 °F), but can get quite cold, with maximums of 17 °C (63 °F) or lower starting to occur. Average minimums fall throughout the season, with
2540-609: Is described in William Bradley 's Journal where he noted an expedition from Rose Hill to Prospect Creek to determine whether Prospect Creek led to Botany Bay . The Battle of Parramatta , a major battle of the Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars , occurred in March 1797 where resistance leader Pemulwuy led a group of Bidjigal warriors, estimated to be at least 100, in an attack on a government farm at Toongabbie, challenging
2667-599: Is frequently used in media reporting about the real estate market. Suburbs in the Hills District are generally located within The Hills Shire local government area and parts of the City of Parramatta Council and Hornsby Shire are also included in the area. Suburbs include Castle Hill , West Pennant Hills , Glenhaven , Kenthurst , Annangrove , Dural , Beaumont Hills Kellyville , Baulkham Hills , Rouse Hill and Box Hill The Macarthur region
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#17327646806182794-434: Is located to the south-west of Sydney that includes the City of Campbelltown , Camden Council and Wollondilly Shire local government areas. South Western Sydney is a customary region that includes the south-western part of metropolitan Sydney. When used in the narrow sense, "South Western Sydney" refers to the southern portion of Western Sydney, roughly including Liverpool , Campbelltown , Fairfield and some parts of
2921-590: Is located within the Northern Beaches Council local government area and is generally regarded as part of the larger Northern Beaches region. Suburbs include Frenchs Forest , Terrey Hills and Belrose . The Lower North Shore usually refers to the land that is located to the north of the Sydney Harbour Bridge , between Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour and as far north as Boundary Street, Roseville , or all suburbs within
3048-556: Is mainly due to the immense cultural activities and high affordability in the region, and also the development of new restaurants, high-rise apartments, telecommunications , local employment, retail and education. Regarding this, Allworth Homes director Stephen Thompson states, "While the outskirts of Sydney were once considered undesirable, improved infrastructure coupled with soaring house prices has meant many property seekers are looking further afield for their homes, including high-income earners". With Western Sydney Airport opening in
3175-492: Is now the sixth largest business district in Australia. Rapid population increase after World War II saw the settlement of many ex-service men and migrants in the greater west, making it one of the most urbanised regions in the country and an area of growing national importance. Being the third largest economy in Australia , behind Sydney CBD and Melbourne , the region covers 5,800 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi) and
3302-503: Is often referred to as a region, but it is also part of the South Western Sydney region. The regions themselves are not used as a formal jurisdiction, and generally do not have administrative or legislative bodies, although some regions are coterminous with a local government area, and in a number of regions that include multiple local government areas, Regional Organisations of Councils have been established that represent
3429-405: Is one of the fastest growing populations in Australia, with an estimated resident population of 2,288,554 in 2017. Western Sydney has the most multicultural suburbs in the country with 38% of the population speaking a language other than English at home, and up to 90% in some suburbs. Containing about 9% of Australia's population and 44% of Sydney's population, the people of GWS are predominantly of
3556-487: Is relatively high through the months reaching a peak in winter (due to the lower evaporation rate), despite the lower rainfall in that season. At a time in the past, monocline formed to the west of Sydney. The monocline is a sloping bend that raises the sandstone well above where it is expected to be seen, and this is why the whole of the visible top of the Blue Mountains is made of sandstone. Sandstone slopes in
3683-542: Is the fourth-oldest place of British settlement on the Australian continent , where European settlers utilised the fertile river flats for agriculture. Governor Phillip Gidley King began granting land in the area to settlers in 1804 with Captain Daniel Woodriff 's 1,000 acres (4.0 km) on the banks of the river the first land grant in the area. Liverpool Hospital was founded on a portion of land beside
3810-797: The A4 to Glenbrook in west. It continues as the Great Western Highway as the A32, passing the southern fringe of the Parramatta central business district, moving due west across western metropolitan Sydney to Penrith, north of the central business district, crossing the Nepean River via the 1867 Victoria Bridge . Cumberland Highway links the Pacific Highway (A1/B83) and Pacific Motorway ( M1 ) at Pearces Corner, Wahroonga in
3937-714: The Airport Link completed in 2000 which is part of the T8 Airport & South Line . Many of these suburbs were predominantly industrial and commercial but have now developed into new residential neighbourhoods of high rise apartments. The Inner Southern Suburbs are often considered an indefinite region of Sydney as it is sometimes considered Inner city or included as part of the Eastern Suburbs or more specifically South-East however strictly speaking these suburbs geographically are neither east nor south-east of
Greater Western Sydney - Misplaced Pages Continue
4064-609: The Blue Mountains . The Hawkesbury and Nepean River system is Sydney's firsthand water source and the mainstay of the region's agricultural and fishing industries, and is also major recreational area for the inhabitants of GWS. The heritage-listed Warragamba Dam , the primary reservoir for water supply for Sydney, is located in the greater west. Near Penrith , numerous Aboriginal stone tools were found in Cranebrook Terraces gravel sediments dating to 50,000–45,000 BP . For more than 30,000 years, Aboriginal people from
4191-578: The British Army to fight. On 4 March 1804 Irish convicts rose up in Rouse Hill as one, in what was to become known as the Castle Hill convict rebellion . Governor Lachlan Macquarie and Mrs Macquarie preferred the clean air of rural Parramatta to the unsanitary and crime-ridden streets of Sydney and transformed Old Government House, Parramatta , into an elegant Palladian -style home in
4318-687: The CBD along with the included suburbs are actually past the Airport and on the other side of the Eastern Distributor deeming them South-East and not Inner South . The region consists of three train stations being Redfern , Green Square and Mascot as well as a Metro station in Waterloo . Green Square is a locality situated at the meeting point of Alexandria, Zetland, Waterloo, and Beaconsfield. Green Square and Mascot station are on
4445-697: The CBD . This area roughly corresponds with the cadastral Parish of Alexandria as well as the Federal Division of Wentworth . The southern end of the Eastern Suburbs are the suburbs south-east of The CBD including the entirety of City of Randwick and sometimes the suburbs of Bayside Council which are to the east of the Eastern Distributor, as well as the University of New South Wales . The region roughly corresponds with
4572-713: The Canterbury-Bankstown local government areas. The boundaries of this region are often imprecise, as it is sometimes also extended further south to include the Camden local government area, and sometimes even the Wollondilly Shire, in which usage the whole of the Macarthur region is included. South Western Sydney, or "Sydney's southwest" as the media often calls it, is a subset of Greater Western Sydney. The part of Sydney north of Sydney Harbour and
4699-470: The City of Blacktown , City of Blue Mountains , Cumberland Council , City of Hawkesbury , City of Lithgow and City of Liverpool . Fairfield , Parramatta , Canterbury-Bankstown , City of Hawkesbury , the Hills Shire and Penrith are no longer WSROC members, although these local government areas are still regarded as part of Greater Western Sydney. The primary regional centre of Western Sydney
4826-441: The City of Parramatta Council . Suburbs include Epping , Chatswood , Dee Why , Ryde and Manly . The Northern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils represents the northern Sydney councils, other than Northern Beaches council. The Northern Beaches generally correlates with the Northern Beaches Council local government area. Major suburbs include Manly , Dee Why , Mona Vale and Narrabeen . Sydney's Forest district
4953-607: The Cumberland Plain , a relatively flat region lying to the west of Sydney Harbour, and the Hornsby Plateau , a plateau north of the Harbour rising to 200 metres and dissected by steep valleys. Sydney's native plant species are predominantly eucalyptus trees . The moderately-fertile Soils in western Sydney are usually red and yellow in texture as they are rich in clay, are fine-textured and acidic. Soil moisture
5080-477: The Eastern Distributor but east of Alexandra Canal . The area starts with Redfern then continues down through Eveleigh , Waterloo , Zetland , Alexandria , Beaconsfield , Rosebery , Eastlakes (West of ED ) and ends in Mascot . The postcodes start at 2015 and end in 2020 with the suburbs of Botany and Banksmeadow being the exception having the postcode of 2019 which while being geographically south of
5207-782: The Gandangara tribe have lived in the Fairfield area. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, the Penrith area was home to the Mulgoa tribe of the Dharug people , who spoke the Dharug language . They lived in makeshift huts called gunyahs , hunted native animals such as kangaroos, and fished in the Nepean River. The Auburn area was once used by Dharug people as a market place for the exchange of goods between them and Dharawal people on
Greater Western Sydney - Misplaced Pages Continue
5334-673: The Georges River , making it the second oldest hospital in Australia. Fairfield railway station was opened in 1856 and has the oldest surviving railway building in New South Wales. Quarrying in the Prospect area began in the 1820s and naturalist Charles Darwin visited Prospect Hill in January 1836, to observe the geology. Designed and constructed by the NSW Public Works Department , Prospect Reservoir
5461-596: The Hawkesbury in the north, the Royal National Park , the Wollondilly and Macarthur in the south, and Botany Bay in the east. These areas sometimes, but not always, roughly coincide with official boundaries of suburbs, local government authorities, or cadastral units (used for land title purposes) , and some of the customary regions do not have well defined boundaries at all. Some commonly referred to regions overlap: for example, Canterbury-Bankstown
5588-484: The Inner West mostly consist of federation -era homes, the west usually features larger modern homes, which are predominantly found in the outer, newer suburbs, starting from the City of Fairfield and Blacktown and including Stanhope Gardens , Kellyville Ridge , and Bella Vista to the northwest, Bossley Park , Abbotsbury , and Cecil Hills to the west, and Hoxton Park , Harrington Park , and Oran Park to
5715-521: The Parramatta River began changing this by the end of the 19th century. The 1895 book How to Know Sydney named Strathfield ( Inner West ), Gladesville ( Northern Suburbs ), Double Bay , Darling Point , Rose Bay , Elizabeth Bay , Potts Point , Rushcutters Bay and Point Piper (all Eastern Suburbs ) as the most fashionable residential suburbs, featuring large houses on extensive grounds. The only suburb in this list which lay north of
5842-463: The Parramatta River is generally referred to as the Northern suburbs or Northern Sydney. The Northern Suburbs includes suburbs in the local government areas of Hornsby Shire , City of Ryde , City of Willoughby , North Sydney Council , Municipality of Mosman , Municipality of Lane Cove , Northern Beaches Council , Ku-ring-gai Council , Municipality of Hunters Hill and the eastern parts of
5969-664: The Penrith City Council . Western Sydney is also sometimes used to refer to the whole Greater Western Sydney region, which is the combination of Western Sydney as defined above and the Macarthur Region (also referred to as South-western Sydney ). As well as the ten councils listed above, the GWS region includes Camden Council , Campbelltown City Council and Wollondilly Shire Council . With more than 240,000 local businesses which generated more than $ 95 billion gross regional product in 2009, Western Sydney
6096-470: The Sutherland Shire local government area. The region is mainly composed of the City of Blue Mountains , which borders on Sydney 's metropolitan area, its foothills starting about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of the state capital . Major towns in this local government area include Katoomba , Blackheath and Springwood . The Greater Sydney Commission 's regional plan for Sydney divide
6223-645: The Upper North Shore to the Hawkesbury river. Western Sydney experiences a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa ) with the annual temperatures having an average maximum of 23 °C (73 °F) and a minimum of 12 °C (54 °F), making the region a few degrees warmer than the Sydney CBD . Maximum summer temperatures average at around 27 to 31 °C (81 to 88 °F) and winter temperatures are mild, averaging at around 16 to 20 °C (61 to 68 °F), depending on
6350-1152: The Wangal people, encompassing Inner West; the Wallumetta of the Wallumettagal people, encompassing the Ryde and Hunters Hill areas of Northern Sydney; the Cammeray of the Cammeraygal people and the Gorual of the Gorualgal people, both in the Lower North Shore ; and the Burramatta of the Burramattagal people, in Western Sydney. The "City" region is the site of the earliest urban settlement after European arrival in 1788. Until
6477-473: The house sparrow , common myna and feral pigeon are ubiquitous in the CBD areas of Sydney. Possums , bandicoots , rabbits , feral cats , lizards , snakes and frogs may also be present in the urban environment, albeit seldom in city centres . The Sydney area lies on Triassic shales and sandstones with low rolling hills and wide valleys in a rain shadow area. Sydney sprawls over two major regions:
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#17327646806186604-413: The understory , reminiscent of Mediterranean forests . It has been calculated that around 98,000 hectares of native vegetation remains in the Sydney metropolitan area, about half of what is likely to have been existing at the time of European arrival. The endemic flora is home to a variety of bird , insect , reptile and mammal species, which are conspicuous in urban areas. Introduced birds such as
6731-459: The Blue Mountains westwards of these country plains. Abbotsbury , Cecil Hills and Glenmore Park were farms through until the 1980s when it was decided to redevelop them for housing. The area around the site of Regentville has remained largely rural, if hemmed in somewhat by the modern residential suburbs of Jamisontown and Glenmore Park. In the 1800s, John Blaxland built an original wooden weir at "Grove Farm" (now known as Wallacia ) for
6858-423: The Bureau of Statistics, areas with the highest percentage of Christians were found in the western and south-western suburbs such as, Bossley Park (85%), Grasmere (82.3%), Theresa Park (81.1%), Abbotsbury (81%) and Horsley Park (79.6%), with the most popular denominations being Catholic and Anglican , respectively. The suburbs east of those, in the City of Canterbury-Bankstown and Camden Council , had
6985-523: The English manner. Originally constructed under Governor Hunter in 1799 to reflect the economic importance of the Parramatta district, the building remains today Australia's oldest public building and was given World Heritage Listing by UNESCO in 2010. In 1803 a government stock farm was established in what was to become the Riverstone / Marsden Park area, on the basis of the abundant water supply and good grazing land there, and also in Smithfield , due to its good soil and dependable water supply . Windsor
7112-424: The Hawksbury region, although some did choose to make huts out of bark, sticks and branches. A strong centre of cultural attachment for the Dharug people has been the "Blacks Town" (at the modern suburb of Colebee ) in the Blacktown local government area. However, in September 2012 the City of Blacktown decided to cease recognising the Dharug people as the traditional owners of the area. The council also passed
7239-408: The Inner West, City, Eastern Suburbs and Canterbury-Bankstown regions. The Inner Southern Suburbs of Sydney sometimes referred to as 'South Sydney' include the southern suburbs of City of Sydney as well as some of Bayside Council . The area encompasses the suburbs directly south of Central Station or more specifically Cleveland Street leading all the way down to the Airport and fall west of
7366-454: The Inner West, Eastern Suburbs, St George and Canterbury-Bankstown regions. The suburbs to the east and southeast of the city, bounded by Sydney Harbour to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Eastern Distributor to the west, and Botany Bay to the south, are often referred to as the Eastern Suburbs in the greater sense. This includes the entirety of the local government areas of Waverley , Woollahra and Randwick as well as
7493-477: The Inner West. At the same time, the arrival of the suburban railway around the end of the 19th century led to development of existing towns and villages into new urban centres outside the traditional metropolis, such as Parramatta , Bankstown and Liverpool . Increased urbanisation in the interwar years, and infill development after World War II , including projects built as part of the soldier settlement scheme , eventually led to these centres becoming part of
7620-405: The Parramatta region as a promising area for expansion and moved many of the convicts from late 1788 to establish a small township, which became the main centre of the colony's economic life. Nevertheless, poor equipment and unfamiliar soils and climate continued to hamper the expansion of farming from Farm Cove to Parramatta and Toongabbie . In February 1793, the Auburn area was established as
7747-477: The Southern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (SSROC) along with six other councils in the Eastern Suburbs and St George regions. Suburbs usually regarded as being in the Inner West region include Abbotsford , Ashbury, Ashfield , Balmain , Burwood , Concord , Dulwich Hill , Five Dock , Glebe, Homebush , Hurlstone Park , Leichhardt , Lilyfield , Marrickville , Newtown , Rozelle , Strathfield and Summer Hill . The Inner West roughly corresponds to
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#17327646806187874-436: The Sydney CBD. The St George area includes all the suburbs in the Georges River Council and part of the Bayside Council government areas. This area corresponds to the eastern part of the cadastral Parish of St George , from which the region derives its name. The western part of the Parish of St George was formerly in the City of Canterbury and now within Canterbury-Bankstown council. The Shire generally correlates with
8001-470: The Sydney area are on three sides: to the west the Blue Mountains, and to the north and south, the Hornsby and Woronora plateau . The centre of the Sydney basin is located beneath Fairfield . Bringelly Shale and Minchinbury Sandstone are often seen in the greater western parts of Sydney, which are part of the Wianamatta Shale group. The Prospect dolerite intrusion in Pemulwuy is the largest assemblage of igneous rock in Sydney. The oval-shaped ridge
8128-420: The Sydney basin. They may exacerbate fire danger in the warm months, although they usually tend to occur between late winter and early spring when westerly cold fronts become more frequent and would therefore be blocked by the ranges – This phenomenon thereby permits the late winter and early spring period to feature the highest amount of clear days in the year. It should be worth noting that Richmond features
8255-443: The WSROC region covers 5,800 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi) and had an estimated resident population as at 30 June 2008 of 1,665,673. The region comprises the areas administered by the Blacktown City Council , Blue Mountains City Council , City of Canterbury-Bankstown , Cumberland Council , Fairfield City Council , Hawkesbury City Council , Hills Shire Council , Liverpool City Council , City of Parramatta Council , and
8382-450: The area bounded approximately by the Cooks River to the north and east, Wolli Creek to the south, and Salt Pan Creek and Duck River to the west. It covers the suburbs extending north-west from southern Canterbury, to the south of Lidcombe and north-east from Bankstown . The part of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown that lies north of the Cooks River is generally regarded as part of the Inner West region. The Canterbury-Bankstown region
8509-476: The area that was greater western Sydney before European settlement regarded the region as rich in food from the river and forests. Parramatta was founded in 1788, the same year as Sydney, making it the second oldest city in Australia. Opened in 1811, Parramatta Road , which navigates into the heart of greater western Sydney, is one of Sydney's oldest roads and Australia's first highway between two cities – Sydney central business district (CBD) and Parramatta, which
8636-407: The broad expanse of the Nepean River and Penrith . Windsor Road , one of the oldest roads in Sydney, was opened in 1794. In 1795, Matthew Flinders and George Bass explored up the Georges River for about 20 miles beyond what had been previously surveyed, and reported favourably to Governor John Hunter of the land on its banks. The earliest recorded white settlement in the Fairfield district
8763-440: The building of the Sydney Harbour Bridge , development north of Sydney Harbour was constrained by geography, and most suburban development occurred in the areas immediately to the east and west of the City - the "Eastern Suburbs" and "Inner West" regions respectively. In the late 19th century, certain parts of those two regions were recognised as the premier residential areas of the emerging metropolis. Improved transport links across
8890-445: The cadastral Parish of Botany as well as the Federal Division of Kingsford Smith . The inner east refers to the suburbs directly surrounding the eastern and south-eastern borders of Sydney CBD within the City of Sydney . This is because they can be considered both inner city and Eastern Suburbs. The Western suburbs of Sydney is a large region, starting from the western boundary of the city centre and stretching some 60 kilometres to
9017-413: The coast. The area that later became Campbelltown was inhabited prior to European settlement by the Tharawal people . For more than 30,000 years, Aboriginal people from the Gandangara tribe have lived in the Fairfield area. The people of what is now known as Carlingford , a suburb on the eastern peripheries of the greater west, were the Wallumedegal people, who practised fire-stick farming along
9144-452: The councils in the region. For government planning purposes, the metropolis of Sydney is divided in other ways, including into "districts" or "cities". Described as the City of Suburbs, the "regions" of Sydney acquired their distinct social-geographical characteristics as a result of successive waves of development and suburbanisation, as well as geography. Prior to European arrival, Sydney
9271-431: The districts of Ku-ring-gai , Hornsby Shire and The Hills Shire in the north were the most religious areas in Sydney, and were formerly known as being part of Sydney's " bible belt ". Today however, the western suburbs have become Sydney's so-called believer belt, with a high proportion of believers found in a band of suburbs that span the cities of Liverpool, Fairfield, Cumberland and Canterbury-Bankstown. According to
9398-562: The eastern end of the 150th meridian , which is a line that passes through the Russian city of Magadan in the northern hemisphere. In 1820s, Peter Cunningham described the country west of Parramatta and Liverpool as "a fine timbered country, perfectly clear of bush , through which you might, generally speaking, drive a gig in all directions, without any impediment in the shape of rocks, scrubs , or close forest". This confirmed earlier accounts by Governor Arthur Phillip , who suggested that
9525-608: The eastern fringe of the Blue Mountains , the Gandangara to the southwest in the Southern Highlands , and the Tharawal to the southeast in the Illawarra area. The Dharug language , now in a period of revitalization, is generally considered one of two dialects, inland and coastal, constituting a single language. The word myall , a pejorative word in Australian dialect denoting any Aboriginal person who kept up
9652-434: The eastern parts of the City of Sydney and Bayside Council . These five councils participate in the Southern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (SSROC) along with seven other councils in the Inner West, St George and Canterbury-Bankstown regions. The northern end of the Eastern Suburbs is centred on Waverley Council and Woollahra Council districts as well as The Centennial Parklands which are directly east of
9779-1090: The far-western suburbs, such as Campbelltown , Camden , Penrith and Richmond. These low temperatures often occur when the night sky is clear and the ground can radiate heat back into the atmosphere. Winter nights, though, are typically a few degrees cooler and frost is not uncommon in some areas, especially those in the far west such as Penrith and Richmond . Spring temperatures are highly variable, with temperatures fluctuating quite often. September will normally see 1 day reaching above 30 °C (86 °F), and extremely rare, above 35 °C (95 °F). Cool days in September can occur, occasionally failing to reach 15 °C (59 °F). October and November show high variability, where hot north-westerlies can cause temperatures to rise above 35 °C (95 °F), and even above 40 °C (104 °F) in November, while cool days below 20 °C (68 °F) are also quite common. The average minimum temperature increases throughout
9906-558: The first free-agricultural settlement thanks to Governor Phillip's repeated applications to the British government for free settlers, and by the end of that decade Prospect , West Pennant Hills , Baulkham Hills and Greystanes were established. Eighteen months after the landing of the First Fleet, an exploring party led by Captain Watkin Tench set out to further findings made by Governor Phillip where, in 1789, they discovered
10033-758: The first night below 10 °C (50 °F) often occurring in April. Winter temperatures often show a higher variation in late winter than early winter, with a day in August rarely reaching above 27 °C (81 °F), which is unknown in June and July. Winter daytime average around between 15 and 20 °C (59 and 68 °F). Winter nights average 6.9 °C (44.4 °F), although a few nights per year see temperatures fall below 2 °C (36 °F), mostly in July. Nights reaching below 0 °C (32 °F) more often occur in
10160-576: The following: Dharug people The Dharug or Darug people, are an Aboriginal Australian people, who share ties of kinship and, in pre-colonial times, lived as hunters in family groups or clans, scattered throughout much of what is modern-day Sydney . The Dharug were bounded by the Awabakal to the north of Broken Bay, the Darkinjung to the northwest, the Wiradjuri to the west on
10287-539: The form of the Western Sydney Parklands , today's Greater Western Sydney region is far larger than envisaged in the County of Cumberland plan, stretching contiguously west to Penrith and south beyond Campbelltown . The City is composed of the inner parts of the local government area of the City of Sydney . The core of the region known as City is the Sydney CBD , and this is the City region in
10414-452: The greatest temperature range ever recorded in Australia; −8.3 °C (17.1 °F) to 47.8 °C (118.0 °F). Western Sydney is much warmer than Sydney city in summer. During this time, daytime temperatures can be 5 °C (9 °F) warmer than the city (in extreme cases the West can even be 10 °C (18 °F) hotter ). This is because sea breezes in the City do not penetrate
10541-444: The heart of the central business district areas of Fairfield , Mount Druitt , Guildford , Cabramatta , Merrylands , Rosehill , Granville , Canley Vale and Auburn . Yennora is known to be the most poorest suburb of western Sydney overall, where the median personal income is just $ 19,000, followed by Landsdowne , Blairmount , Wiley Park , Campsie , Roselands , Carramar , Villawood and Punchbowl . Furthmore, Claymore in
10668-446: The highest anywhere in Australia (excluding remote indigenous communities). Other Western Sydney suburbs, such as Fairfield , Bankstown and Canley Vale , are also over 80%. Although many of these communities are Australian-born (including Arabic speakers, with about 50% born therein), Western Sydney still is the main centre of Australian migration, with 60% of new arrivals settling in greater western Sydney in between 2006 and 2011, with
10795-446: The hilly Northern Suburbs. However, there are still a number of ridgy areas on the plain — Western Sydney Parklands , one of the largest parklands in the world , and Prospect Hill, the only area in Sydney with ancient volcanic activity , are between 120 and 140 metres (390 and 460 ft) high. Highly elevated suburbs, which typically range between 70 and 100 metres (230 and 330 ft) in height, include Leppington and Oran Park to
10922-519: The inland areas. Northwesterlies occasionally bring hot winds from the desert that raise temperatures as high as 40 °C (104 °F). Though southerly busters may still end the hot conditions. The humidity in the summer is usually in the comfortable range, though some days can be slightly humid (due to the ocean proximity) or very dry (due to the heat from the desert ). In early autumn, hot days are possible, with temperatures above 37 °C (99 °F) possible in March, but quite rare. April
11049-545: The local government area of Ku-ring-gai , and a small area of Hornsby Shire , situated between Lane Cove National Park and Ku-ring-gai National Park, or suburbs between Boundary Street, Roseville , the M1 Motorway in Wahroonga and upto Westleigh on Pennant Hills road. Suburbs include Lindfield , St Ives and Pymble , Thornleigh, Westleigh, Normanhurst, Wahroonga, Turramurra and Gordon. The suburbs approximately to
11176-666: The local government areas of Mosman Council , City of Willoughby , Municipality of Lane Cove and North Sydney Council . Suburbs include Neutral Bay , Northbridge , Lane Cove and Chatswood . The Hunter's Hill peninsula (mostly in the Municipality of Hunter's Hill , and some suburbs of City of Ryde ) lies west of the Lane Cove River, but is sometimes also counted as part of the Lower North Shore. The Upper North Shore usually refers to all suburbs within
11303-609: The location. Autumn and spring are the transitional seasons, with spring showing a larger variation than autumn in terms of temperatures. Rainfall is almost evenly spread throughout the year, although the first few months tend to be wetter, namely February through to April. The months from July through to December tend to be drier (late winter through to early summers). Thunderstorms are common in late summer and early autumn. Winters are pleasantly cool and relatively sunny (especially August), although east coast lows can bring large amounts of rainfall , especially in June. Most suburbs in
11430-463: The major population growth zones in the north-west and south-west of Sydney, it contains more than 1,000 manufacturing, wholesale, transport and service firms which employ more than 20,000 persons. While overall a lower income area for Sydney, with families who are dependent on childcare as both parents work, and higher than average unemployment and lower than average salary levels, it has some exceedingly high income suburbs nonetheless. Namely,
11557-594: The majority coming from India, China, Iraq , the Philippines and Vietnam . Furthermore, GWS also has more Indigenous Australian residents than either South Australia or Victoria, making it the largest indigenous community in Australia. These are some of the largest population groups of Australia's non-English speakers found in Western Sydney: Western Sydney is the most religious and socially conservative region in Sydney. Previously,
11684-487: The metropolis into three "cities", with approximately defined boundaries. Alternatively, the metropolis is divided into more precisely defined "districts", each of which comprises multiple local government areas. This scheme of division is also followed for metropolis-wide planning purposes by other New South Wales government bodies, such as in the government's "Future Transport Strategy". The "metropolis of three cities" comprises: The more precisely defined "districts" are
11811-408: The metropolitan conurbation of Sydney. By the 1950s, previously rural areas such as the Sutherland Shire were becoming rapidly suburbanised. The 1951 County of Cumberland planning scheme attempted to rein in urban sprawl by designating an expansive "green belt", which would have limited further urbanisation beyond the already-urbanised parts of Western Sydney. The planned green belt stretched in
11938-480: The mid 2020s, Penrith is slated to become another CBD, with the airport creating 35,000 jobs by 2035. Agriculture is mainly concentrated in the outskirts of the Greater Western Sydney area, such as in suburbs of Kemps Creek , Mount Vernon , Mulgoa , Bringelly , Silverdale , Orchard Hills , Luddenham and Horsley Park , among others, which lie in a countryside adjacent to the footsteps of
12065-457: The most common faith. The region's major city centre is Parramatta, and the rest of the LGAs are growing immensely when it comes population, economic opportunity and environmental diversity. In the early 2010s, urban development has occurred in places like Camden, Campbelltown and Penrith, while Parramatta and Blacktown have grown rapidly. The GWS region overall grew at 2.1% in 2014 and 1.6% p.a. for
12192-498: The most likely place for a successful large farm, making it the second European settlement in Australia, after Sydney. Old Toongabbie was established in the same year. The Sydney Cove region originally settled in 1788 turned out to be unsuitable for farming, and after a number of years of near- famine in the colony, efforts were made to relocate food production inland to hopefully more climatically stable regions. Phillip sent exploratory missions in search of better soils and fixed on
12319-477: The narrow sense. However, City is often also used in a wider sense to include other inner suburbs within the City of Sydney local government area, such as Haymarket , The Rocks and Pyrmont . In this wider sense, the City region roughly corresponds with the four cadastral parishes of St Andrews , St Philip , St James and St Lawrence . The City of Sydney participates in the Southern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (SSROC) along with 11 other councils in
12446-469: The north to Campbelltown in the south, Lidcombe and Roselands in the east, with the A3 creating the boundary between the greater west and inner West , to Penrith and the lower parts of the Blue Mountains in the far west. The 151st meridian east passes through the heart of western Sydney, namely in the suburbs of Castle Hill , Parramatta , Granville , and Revesby , with the suburbs west of those being on
12573-591: The northeast with the Hume Highway (A22/A28) at Liverpool in the southwest. Regions of Sydney The metropolis of Greater Sydney in New South Wales , Australia, is informally subdivided into a number of geographic regions. The geographical definition of Greater Sydney spans across 33 local government areas and includes the Blue Mountains in the west, the Northern Beaches and
12700-492: The northeastern part of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown (such as the suburb of Ashbury ) and the western part of the City of Sydney (such as the suburb of Glebe ). The region is approximately bounded by the Parramatta River in the north, Cooks River in the south, and in the west by the A3 arterial road (Centenary Drive / Homebush Bay Drive) and parklands adjacent to that road. These six councils participate in
12827-497: The northern banks of the Parramatta River, which encouraged animals to graze , thus enhancing the ease of hunting and gathering . Most of the natives died due to introduced diseases, such as smallpox , following the arrival of the First Fleet , and the remainder were largely relocated to government farms and a series of settlements. In 1788, Governor Arthur Phillip had reconnoitred several places before choosing Parramatta as
12954-737: The oldest suburbs in the East and Inner West, these regions still contain the most desirable residential areas of Sydney: as of the end of 2021, the 20 most expensive postcode areas in Australia (measured by median house price) were all in metropolitan Sydney, and included nine in the Eastern Suburbs, four on the Northern Beaches, two on the Lower North Shore, three on the Upper North Shore, one (straddling Hunters Hill and Woolwich ) in Northern Sydney and one (Strathfield) in
13081-476: The past decade. The South-West, such as, Leppington , spanning Liverpool, Camden and Campbelltown councils, had higher number of families. The region's population is projected to reach 3 million by 2036. The more recent suburban developments tend to be less leafy than more established Sydney neighbourhoods. Home to around 1 in every 11 Australians, the 2 million inhabitants of GWS live in 743,940 dwellings with an average household size of 3.02. While Sydney CBD and
13208-499: The region to central Sydney. The region is also served by several bus operators . Sydney Metro's Sydney Metro West and Western Sydney Airport Metro projects are currently under construction in the region. The M4 Western Motorway is a prominent dual carriageway motorway in western Sydney, that stretches from North Strathfield in the east, where it connects with the Great Western Highway / Parramatta Road as
13335-401: The river was Gladesville, which was serviced by a bridge across the Parramatta River built in 1881. The building of the Sydney Harbour Bridge led to rapid development of the Lower North Shore region, and soon after, the Upper North Shore and Northern Beaches , as new developments with large houses on generous lots appealed to residents seeking the "picturesque suburb" lifestyle. Together with
13462-634: The rural areas include a number of orchards and vineyards in the meadows . Vegetable farming and fruit picking are common activities. Railway lines in Greater Western Sydney include the Main Western railway line , Main Southern railway line , Bankstown railway line , Richmond railway line , Main Suburban railway line , East Hills railway line and Old Main South railway line , connecting
13589-413: The season, September can still have nights falling below 5 °C (41 °F). October and November occasionally have nights falling below 10 °C (50 °F). The residents of GWS come from more than 170 countries and speak over 100 different languages and 12% of them, namely the newcomers, do not speak English very well. Cabramatta is made up of 87.7% of people from non-English speaking backgrounds,
13716-417: The settlers were barriers to the river and to the food supply of the Dharug people, who were rightly upset by this invasion. The Dharug who crossed the farms to pick up corn were killed by the settlers, so they organized raids to burn the crops. The conflict scaled and in 1795 the government provided troops to protect the farms. The bodies of any Dharug killed were to be put in iron gibbets and hung from trees as
13843-491: The south and south-west of Sydney CBD and the Sydney Airport are generally referred to as the southern suburbs or Southern Sydney . Southern Sydney is composed of the City of Sydney (part), Bayside Council , Georges River Council and the Sutherland Shire local government areas. These four councils participates in the Southern Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (SSROC) along with eight other councils in
13970-402: The south west of Sydney. Until the 1950s, Liverpool was still a satellite town with an agricultural economy based on poultry farming and market gardening . However the urban sprawl of Sydney across the Cumberland Plain soon reached Liverpool, and it became an outer suburb of metropolitan Sydney with a strong working-class presence and manufacturing facilities. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was
14097-555: The southwest was listed as one of the most socially disadvantaged areas in New South Wales. Nonetheless, the rest of the GWS region is generally made up of a middle class population, with such even found in both affluent and low income suburbs. Due to Parramatta's emergence as "Sydney's second CBD", livability in the surrounding western suburbs has been advancing, with Harris Park being 63rd most liveable area by Domain Group , followed by Parramatta at 110 and Rosehill at 187. Further to
14224-532: The southwest, Pemulwuy , Cecil Hills and Horsley Park to the greater west, and Greystanes , Seven Hills and Mount Druitt to the northwest. The main plant communities in the Greater Western Sydney region are sclerophyll grassy woodlands (i.e. savannas ), dry sclerophyll forests and small pockets of wet sclerophyll forests to the northeast as one approaches the Hornsby Plateau . The grassy woodlands contain eucalyptus trees which are usually in open woodlands that have sclerophyllous shrubs and sparse grass in
14351-596: The southwest. High school retention rates for years 7 to 12 are the lowest in the Sydney metropolitan area, recording 69.5% compared to 95.2% in Northern Sydney. In 2009, twice as many people in GWS aged 15 or older hadn't attended school at all compared to the rest of Sydney and NSW. The region has strong automobile dependency with consequent effects on air quality , health, quality of life and household budgets. The Department of Planning and Infrastructure Metropolitan Strategy for Sydney divides Greater Western Sydney into three sub-regions: Western Sydney as defined by
14478-887: The suburb of The Ponds , in the City of Blacktown, which is the most highly advantaged suburb in NSW on the SEIFA index of advantage-disadvantage, ahead of suburbs on the North Shore , such as St Ives and Avalon . Other affluent suburbs in western Sydney, ranging from upper middle class to upper class neighbourhoods, include, Acacia Gardens , Bella Vista , Castle Hill , Cherrybrook , Pemulwuy , Rouse Hill , Schofields , Edmondson Park , Beaumont Hills , Glenmore Park , Cecil Hills , Elizabeth Hills , Middleton Grange , Carnes Hill , Oran Park , Ropes Crossing , Leppington and Spring Farm , among others. Lower middle class and working class neighbourhoods are mainly concentrated near
14605-834: The surrounding suburbs. Opened in December 1985, in Eastern Creek , Wonderland Sydney was the largest amusement park in the southern hemisphere until its closure in 2004. In 2015, the Abbott government granted 12,000 extra humanitarian visas to persecuted Christians , largely the Assyrians , in the war-torn Middle Eastern countries, which were admitted to Australia as part of its one-off humanitarian intake, with half of them primarily settling in Fairfield and also Liverpool. The Greater Western Sydney region spans from Windsor in
14732-412: The trees were "growing at a distance of some twenty to forty feet from each other, and in general entirely free from brushwood..." Greater western Sydney predominantly lie on the Cumberland Plain and are relatively flat in contrast to the above regions. The region is situated on a rain shadow , thanks to the Hills District to the northeast, where they tend to be drier than the coast and less lush than
14859-453: The two cadastral parishes of Petersham (in the east) and Concord (in the west). Western Sydney is generally regarded as the local government areas within metropolitan Sydney west of the Inner West. The region of Canterbury-Bankstown may or may not be regarded as part of Western Sydney, depending on context. Some councils of these local government areas participate in the Western Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils , whose members are:
14986-475: The west have an annual precipitation that averages at around 700 to 900 mm (28 to 35 in), in contrast to Sydney CBD's 1,217 mm (48 in). Sydney usually experiences a föhn effect that originates from the Great Dividing Range , where the lifting of winds on the windward side of the Blue Mountains forces the air to gradually warm up and lose moisture as the winds descend into
15113-473: The west to the foothills of the Blue Mountains . This large area is conventionally divided into a number of regions (some of which overlap). The Inner West is primarily composed of the Inner West Council , Burwood Council , Municipality of Strathfield , and the City of Canada Bay local government areas. It may also be regarded as including small parts of nearby local government areas such as
15240-479: The west, Penrith warranted a spot in the top 200 suburbs of the 555 on the list. Seven of the top ten suburbs for home purchasers were more than 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the Sydney CBD, which included areas with high construction activity such as Baulkham Hills , Castle Hill, Liverpool and Blacktown, which has become Sydney's most popular area for home buyers, with more sales than any other suburb. This
15367-536: The western part of Bayside Council (formerly the City of Rockdale ) in the northeast, and, in the north and west, the City of Canterbury-Bankstown excluding its northernmost parts. It is therefore the combination of the Canterbury-Bankstown region and the St George region, and includes the former City of Canterbury, which (depending on context) may be included in either of those regions. The term
15494-423: Was a cultural divide between the inland Dharug and the coastal Dharug, katungal or "sea people". The latter built canoes , and their diet was primarily seafood, including fish and shellfish from Sydney Harbour , Botany Bay and their associated rivers. The inland Dharug were paiendra or tool people. They hunted kangaroos , emus and other land animals, and used stone axes more extensively. The Dharug nation
15621-496: Was a popular recreational site of the early 20th century due to its waterways and meadows. During World War II, Bankstown Airport was established as a key strategic air base to support the war effort and the control of Bankstown Airport was handed to US Forces . Campbelltown was designated in the early 1960s as a satellite city by the New South Wales Planning Authority, and a regional capital for
15748-484: Was built as Sydney's main water supply in the 1880s. The Upper Nepean Scheme was commenced in 1880 after it was realised that the Botany Swamps scheme was insufficient to meet Sydney's water supply needs. By the latter part of the nineteenth century coarse-grained picrite , and other dolorite rock types were being extracted from William Lawson 's estate on the west and north sides of Prospect Hill. Lansvale
15875-408: Was divided up into a number of woodland clans who each tended to live in a certain geographic area. This area would also house descendant clans. Each clan typically included 50 to 100 people. According to James Kohen, the clans numbered 15, but more accurate records highlight 29 clans: By the late 1790s , the Hawkesbury River area was claimed by more than 400 British settlers. The farms made by
16002-614: Was inhabited by a number of clans of Aboriginal people. The country inhabited by each clan is often defined by natural geographical features. As a result, there is often a degree of correlation between the traditional country of the Aboriginal custodians and the geographical regions. These include the Gadi of the Cadigal people, encompassing the City and the Eastern Suburbs; the Wanne of
16129-656: Was made many millions of years ago when volcanic material from the Earth's upper mantle moved upwards and then sideways. Swamps and lagoons are existent on the floodplain of the Nepean River , one being Bents Basin , which is also a recreational area. Parramatta River drains a large area of Sydney's western suburbs. With 5,005,400 inhabitants (as of 2016) and an urban population density of 2037 people per square kilometre, Sydney's urban area covers 1,788 square kilometres (690 sq mi), comprising 35% of Sydney and
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