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37-594: Universal Publishers produce the ubiquitous UBD-Gregory's street directories in Australia. The names of these publications have come to be used as a generic term for street directories in many Australian cities. Universal publishes street directories, guides, maps and road atlases and is Australia's largest mapping and travel-related products publisher. The company distributes travel, language, and cartographic ranges for Berlitz , Insight Guides , Michelin and Marco Polo. The above products were branded UBD prior to

74-561: A distance matrix is included showing the distance between pairs of cities. Since it is a symmetric matrix , only the upper triangle is displayed. Gough Map The Gough Map or Bodleian Map is a Late Medieval map of the island of Great Britain . Its precise dates of production and authorship are unknown. It is named after Richard Gough , who bequeathed the map to the Bodleian Library in Oxford 1809. He acquired

111-639: A book. Coil binding or Spiral binding is a popular format for road atlases, to permit lay-flat usage and to reduce wear and tear . Atlases may cover a number of discrete regions, such as all of the federated states or provinces of a given nation, or a single continuous region in high detail split across several pages. Many motoring organisations, especially those in the European Union , North America , Australia and New Zealand produce road maps. In addition, many transport companies, such as train and airline companies, have published "road" maps in

148-508: A booklet of strip maps detailing a route from New York to Jacksonville, Fla. Rand McNally 's first road map, the New Automobile Road Map of New York City & Vicinity , was published in 1904. Gousha was founded in 1926 by former Rand McNally employees. General Drafting was founded in 1909. These three companies produced most of the approximately eight billion free maps handed out at American filling stations over

185-532: A copyright trap is the 'boomerang factory' that appeared for many years on the UBD map of Canberra , in the industrial suburb of Fyshwick , on the corner of Newcastle and Barrier streets, which location was in fact an exgovernment furniture depot. In other cases short dead-end streets or laneways (with or without names), or long-forgotten proposed roads, may appear. Street directory The Turin Papyrus Map

222-411: A date of c. 1300, during the reign of Edward I . More recently, the map was believed to have been made within an eleven-year window, based on historical changes of place names and sizes. The earliest given date is deduced by the depiction of a city wall around Coventry , which was first constructed in 1355. The latter date is usually given as 1366, the year in which the town marked on the map as Sheppey

259-462: A double-sided page of text giving additional advice for the map's use, notes on the towns shown, and the pronunciations of their names. The roads were measured using a surveyor's wheel and plotted at one inch to the statute mile (1:63,360), an Ogilby innovation. The maps include such details as the configurations of hills, bridges, and ferries and the relative size of towns. The American Automobile Association produced its first road map in 1905,

296-633: A hand-drawn route on linen, depicting roads in Staten Island, N.Y. A year later, AAA became the official sponsor of " The Official Automobile Blue Book ". The book was the first collection of generalized road maps spanning Boston, New York, Baltimore, Washington and Philadelphia and was created by AAA Secretary Charles Howard Gillette. AAA then established a Bureau of Touring Information in 1906, to supply members with all available data on roads, hotels, service facilities and motor vehicle laws. In 1911, AAA produced its first interstate map, “Trail to Sunset,”

333-417: A medium to large region ranging from a few dozen to a few thousand miles or kilometers. Street maps usually cover an area of a few miles or kilometers (at most) within a single city or extended metropolitan area . City maps are generally a specialized form of street map. A road atlas is a collection of road maps covering a region as small as a city or as large as a continent, typically bound together in

370-478: A period of about 1920 to 1980. The practice of offering free maps diminished considerably in the 1970s. The first Michelin map was produced in 1910. With the rise of GPS navigation and other electronic maps in the 21st century, the use of printed maps is waning. An alternative to, and in many ways the precursor of the road map, was the itinerarium , a listing of towns and other stops, with intervening distances. The Tabula Peutingeriana, mentioned above,

407-756: A series of journeys through Britain in the Middle Ages using the Gough Map. In May 2011, the Gough Map was inscribed in UNESCO 's UK Memory of the World Register . From April 2010 to July 2011 a research project funded by the UK AHRC Research Council's Beyond Text programme digitised and created a new online edition of the Gough Map. The edition was a collaboration between Keith Lilley at Queen's University Belfast, Nick Millea at

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444-535: Is important due to its break with previous theologically based mapping. Apart from the Tabula Peutingeriana , its depiction of routes and marked distances is unique in British maps before the 17th century. And compared to previously known maps, like Ptolemy's Geography , it greatly improves the detail on the coast of England and Wales, although its depiction of the then independent Kingdom of Scotland

481-463: Is in effect an itinerarium in visual form, offering routes and distances with little geographical accuracy. Road maps come in many shapes, sizes and scales. Small, single-page maps may be used to give an overview of a region's major routes and features. Folded maps can offer greater detail covering a large region. Electronic maps typically present a dynamically generated display of a region, with its scale, features, and level of detail specified by

518-501: Is marked with a distance (of an unknown unit ) in Roman numerals. Richard Gough described these lines as 'roads', and that description held throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Indeed, the document is still often referred to as a 'road map of Britain'. In a change of emphasis, however, recent scholarship sees the lines as routes, or as graphic representations of distance rather than of physical roads. Scholars have struggled to explain

555-560: Is proposed that the extant cartographical image is not a single map, but an accumulation of three distinct layers: Layer One (1390-1410) showing the whole of Britain; Layer Two (first quarter 15th century) comprising England south of the Wall and Wales; Layer Three (last quarter 15th century) restricted to south-east and south-central England. The last two layers in particular are individualised by systematic re-inkings, additions of colour and other details and alterations to place-names. A study of

592-488: Is sometimes characterized as the earliest known road map. Drawn around 1160 BC, it depicts routes along dry river beds through a mining region east of Thebes in Ancient Egypt . The Dura-Europos Route map is the oldest known map of (a part of) Europe preserved in its original form. It is a fragment of a map drawn onto a leather portion of a shield by a Roman soldier in c. 235 AD. It depicts several towns along

629-438: Is the oldest known road map of Great Britain . In 1500, Erhard Etzlaub produced the "Rom-Weg" ( Way to Rome ) Map, the first known road map of medieval Central Europe . It was produced to help religious pilgrims reach Rome for the occasion of the "Holy Year 1500". In 1675, John Ogilby issued his Britannia atlas , in the form of a strip map for each major route. One hundred strip road maps are shown, accompanied by

666-427: Is very poor. Towns are shown in some detail, with London and York written in gold lettering and other principal settlements illustrated in detail. Despite its accuracy, the map does contain a number of other errors. Notably, islands and lakes such as Anglesey and Windermere are oversized, whilst the strategic importance of rivers is shown by their emphasis. Well known but geographically small features such as

703-614: The Melway street directory, however older Melbourne UBD maps, such as those from the 1980s or earlier, used the double casing method. This mapping style is also used for road atlas maps and main road maps. UBD products are notorious for continuing to contain copyright traps: fictitious streets or buildings or other features, included for purposes of identifying competitor's products that have copied UBD's data without fieldchecking it. For this reason, UBD's and Gregory's products cannot be relied on completely for historical research. An example of

740-506: The 2012 editions when production of standalone Gregory's street directories ceased in favour of cobranded UBD-Gregory's directories retaining the UBD format, UBD-Gregory's Darwin 2013, 4th edition. The last standalone Gregory's directory was the commemorative 75th Edition Sydney street directory, published in 2011. 2018 directories showed as being issued by UBD as a subsidiary to Hardie Grant Travel while 2019 directories show as being issued by Hardie Grant Travel with no mention of UBD although

777-565: The Hardie Grant website shows the publisher as UBD Gregory's. While primarily street directories, UBD and Gregory's also contain details on public transport ( train and light rail , tickets and prices), bicycle paths, suburb and postcode details, public parks and reserves, landmarks (such as commercial buildings, telephone boxes , pubs and restaurants ), attractions, and also boat mooring details in recognised docks. They also contain maps of university campuses and crematoria . Prior to

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814-630: The Peninsula in Durham are also overly-prominent. The map contains numerous references to mythology as if they were geographical fact, as illustrated by comments about Brutus ' mythical landings in Devon . Nevertheless, it remains the most accurate map of Britain prior to the 16th century. A notable feature of the Gough Map is the disjointed network, across much of England and Wales, of narrow red lines drawn between settlements. With few exceptions, each

851-609: The UBD-Gregory's merger the UBD Compact street directories also contained a 'Cityside guide' with tourist information. The rendering of roads in most city and town maps uses the traditional drawing of two lines with the road name printed in between, (known as 'double casing'). In the UBD Melbourne directory maps show a single line with the name above or below the road to make it more appealing to people familiar with

888-414: The idiosyncratic inclusions and omissions. For example, there are no routes from London towards the south or east, and large sections of Watling Street are omitted. It has been speculated that the selection of routes might reflect the movements or interests of the map's owner, or that the compiler chose to show only the routes for which he had recorded distances, from existing itineraries. In any case, as

925-493: The information on the map reflects the interests of Edward I, dating the prototype to around 1280. The map's authorship is also unknown. It is thought that much of the information about the map was gained from either one or more men who travelled around Great Britain as part of Edward I's military expeditions into Wales and Scotland . The areas of the map's fringe with the most accurate detail often correspond with those areas in which Edward's troops were present. The accuracy of

962-411: The major roads. Printed road maps commonly include an index of cities and other destinations found on the map; smaller-scale maps often include indexes of streets and other routes. These indexes give the location of the feature on the map via a grid reference . Inset maps may be used to provide greater detail for a specific area, such as a city map inset into a map of a state or province . Often

999-428: The map during its first production, rather than while copying from it. Hitherto they were thought to have been part of the copying process for the creation of the facsimile for Gough's British Topography . Traditional conclusions about other aspects of the map were revised, including many transcriptions of place-names and the identification of some places represented on the map. New discoveries have also been made about

1036-402: The map from the estate of the antiquarian Thomas "Honest Tom" Martin in 1774. Numerous copies of it have been made, with an interactive online version created at Queen's University, Belfast . It measures 115 by 56 cm. There has been no authoritative date for the map's production. Thomas Martin believed it dated from the reign of Edward III , while 19th-century scholarship suggested

1073-578: The map in the South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire areas suggest that the author could be from this region. However, it is also possible that the map was constructed based upon the collation of various people's local knowledge. For example, the cartographic accuracy in Oxfordshire could be explained by the fact that William Rede , Fellow of Merton College, had successfully calculated the geographic coordinates for Oxford in 1340. The Gough Map

1110-714: The northwest coast of the Black Sea . The Tabula Peutingeriana , a copy of a scroll originally dating to about 350 AD, plots the extent of the Cursus publicus , the Roman road network that ran from Europe and North Africa to West Asia . It is highly schematic, compressing the Mediterranean Sea to a sliver and orienting the Italian Peninsula to run east-west. The Gough Map , dating to about 1360,

1147-567: The past, in their case usually calling them "route map". In the past, these were usually published on print paper; since the advent of the internet, transport companies have used it increasingly to show their route maps instead of paper material in order to lower costs. Many old route maps are now considered collectible items and command increasing prices on auction sites and houses and on antique stores. Road maps often distinguish between major and minor thoroughfares (such as motorways vs. surface streets ) by using thicker lines or bolder colors for

Universal Publishers (Australia) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-444: The pinholes was undertaken. The holes occur in groups, marking the shapes of many of the pictorial town signs across the map – though the holes are absent from Kent, East Anglia, and the southwest. Some of the pricked outlines have no corresponding ink line, and in some places the group of holes is offset from the inked sign. This has led to the conclusion that the holes are most likely medieval in origin, and were made while copying onto

1221-452: The route network neither covers the whole of the map nor shows all the principal routes, it could not have served as a wayfinding aid in the sense that the term 'road map' implies. The lines are generally considered to be a secondary feature – even an afterthought – on a map principally of settlements. In 2012 an interdisciplinary team convened to take a new look at the Gough map. Their task

1258-475: The subsequent history of the map. Grey stains over many of the place names have been found to be caused by a reagent (made from oak galls and Madeira wine ) applied at Richard Gough's request, that he had hoped would make faded writing more legible. On-going research extends the number of regional case studies already carried out (Northwest England, North Norfolk coast). A BBC television series In Search of Medieval Britain (2008) showed Alixe Bovey retracing

1295-511: The user. Road maps can also vary in complexity, from a simple schematic map used to show how to get to a single specific destination (such as a business), to a complex electronic map, which may layer together many different types of maps and information – such as a road map plotted over a topographical 3D satellite image (a viewing mode frequently used within Google Earth ). Highway maps generally give an overview of major routes within

1332-524: Was renamed Queenborough . Most recent studies, based on handwriting and stylistic evidence, support a later period of production. One study concludes that the map must have been made in the early years of the fifteenth century, while another suggests that the map was produced in the 1370s but extensively revised, perhaps as late as 1430. It is generally accepted that the map may have been conceived earlier, and that it could have been one of several similar copies. In particular, it has been argued that some of

1369-467: Was to re-evaluate the existing, often contradictory, literatures with the aid of newly-available high resolution scans and spectral imaging techniques. The team reported its findings at a work-in-progress Symposium in 2015 at the Bodleian Library, and a summary of provisional findings was published in 2017. These qualify much that has hitherto been believed about the map. Most significantly, it

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