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48-566: The first section of the Sørlandet Line was completed from Drammen Station and Kongsberg Station in 1871. The Vestfold Line, between Drammen Station and Eidanger Station in Porsgrunn, was completed in 1882. The next step of railway construction along the southern coast could have been accomplished either by building from Kongsberg through Telemark to Kragerø , or a much shorter section from Porsgrunn to Kragerø. Parliament opted for

96-538: A capacity of roughly two trains per hour. Allowing for freight trains, this will allow for one long-distance passenger train per hour. The capacity could be increased somewhat if some of the trains instead ran to Arendal , as they would then branch off on the Arendal Line . The 2016 concept selection study presented three possible main corridors for the Grenland Line. The southern-most would branch off from

144-525: A draft by Fred Barth. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms. The Church of Norway has six parishes ( sokn ) within the municipality of Arendal. It is part of the Arendal prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark . The village of Arendal was established in the middle of the 16th century, and was then called Arendall . Initially, it had no formal town status. When

192-451: A gold mural crown above the shield. The design was chosen as a symbol for the importance of fisheries and sailing to the local economy. A ship appeared on the oldest known seal of the town, dating back to the 17th century. In the late 19th and early 20th century the arms showed the ship in the upper part and a landscape with the coat of arms of Norway in the base of the shield . The arms were designed by Miss C. Aubert who based it off

240-512: A point just south of the existing station. The line would cross the river Porsgrunnselva at Menstad, before crossing the inner parts of Vollsfjorden and then running south of Flåte . From Dørdal the line would more or less run on the south of E18 until Tangen. From there the central route would be the same as the southern alternative. This alternative would be 66 kilometers (41 mi) long, cut travel time by 68 minutes and cost 25.6 billion Norwegian kroner. The northern-most proposal would see

288-462: A result, Arendal received royal permission in 1622 to continue as a loading-place for timber until a means could be found to transfer its trade to Christianssand. The town of Arendal was given market city privileges in 1723. However the peasants in the surrounding district, who by law were to sell their goods only at Arendal, were smuggling their goods out on cutters and selling them in Denmark , in

336-453: A small area with 22 inhabitants was transferred from the town to the neighboring municipality of Østre Moland and another small area with 52 residents was transferred to the neighboring municipality of Øyestad . On 1 January 1902, the rural municipality of Barbu (population: 6,787) was merged into the town of Arendal. In 1944, a small area of Moland with a population of 21 inhabitants was transferred to Arendal as well. On 1 January 1992,

384-508: A station serving Bamle at Rugtvedt. It would have an intermediate station at Sannidal/Tangen before intersecting with the Sørlandet Line at Skorstøl. This line would be 64 kilometers (40 mi) long, would cut travel time by 70 minutes and was estimated to cost 24.4 billion Norwegian kroner. The central line would branch off the Vestfold Line just north of Porsgrunn Station. Due to curvatures, Porsgrunn Station would have to be moved to

432-569: A vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal . The municipal council ( Kommunestyre ) of Arendal is made up of 39 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Arendal: The municipality

480-411: Is "Per fess, Azure with a three-masted ship argent over barry wavy of seven argent and azure " . This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is an 18th-century, three-masted sailing ship above seven, thin, wavy stripes. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms usually have

528-423: Is 17 November giving a frost-free season of 219 days (1981-2010 average for Torungen). The data is from Torungen, a coastal station. Only slightly further inland, the winters get colder and the summer days get warmer. With southeasterly airflow in winter, the area can get heavy snowfall, which can interrupt traffic. However, the snow rarely lasts long along the coast. Arendal has sister city agreements with

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576-407: Is 34.3 metres (113 ft) high and contains a 2nd order lens. It is reachable by a 55-minute boat trip from the town centre. The lighthouse is still in use. The Lille Torungen Lighthouse is situated on the small island of Lille Torungen outside Arendal. The lighthouse is 28.9 metres (95 ft) high. Lille Torungen and Store Torungen were constructed as twin lighthouses, and both are located in

624-878: Is a railway station located in downtown Drammen in Buskerud , Norway . Drammen Station was first opened in 1866 in Conjunction with the opening of the Randsfjorden Line . The station is the terminus of the Sørlandet Line , the Drammen Line and the Vestfold Line . The station is served by the Oslo Commuter Rail to Oslo , Kongsberg and Eidsvoll , regional trains on the Vestfold Line and express trains to Bergen on

672-438: Is also a bus connection to Kristiansand Airport operated by Agder Flyekspress and Nettbuss express (the latter on behalf of Flybussen.no ). Ferries run between the city center and the islands of Hisøya and Tromøya . Arendal does also have an airport, Arendal Airport, Gullknapp , although it does not have any commercial airlines regularly stopping here. The municipality organises general practitioner services, such as

720-712: Is bordered to the southwest by Grimstad , to the northwest by Froland , to the northeast by Tvedestrand , and to the southeast by the Skaggerak . The lake Rore is located on the Grimstad border along with the river Nidelva . Arendal is the geologic type locality of the mineral Babingtonite , which was first described from specimens discovered here in 1824. The coastal municipality includes several populated islands such as Hisøya , Tromøya , Merdø , Flostaøya , and Tverrdalsøya as well as many unpopulated or sparsely populated islands such as Ærøya . The island of Merdø

768-471: Is the city of Arendal (which is also the seat of Agder county). Some of the notable villages in Arendal include Rykene , Eydehavn , Færvik , Strengereid , Kongshavn , Kilsund , Brattekleiv , Torsbudalen, Longum , Saltrød , Staubø , Vrengen , and Kolbjørnsvik . The offices of UNEP/GRID-Arendal are also located in the city of Arendal. The 270-square-kilometre (100 sq mi) municipality

816-511: Is the 273rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Arendal is the 24th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 45,891. The municipality's population density is 179.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (466/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period. The town of Arendal was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1875,

864-587: The Baltic , and in Great Britain . This continued until 1735, when Arendal was granted a full town charter. This charter, combined with Danish imposition of a monopoly on grain imports, caused great poverty and starvation among the peasants in the surrounding districts, leading to several famous rebellions. As a result of the rebellions, the age of privileges for towns like Christianssand and Arendal came to an apparent end in 1768 by royal proclamation . But

912-595: The Bergen Line and to Kristiansand on the Sørlandet Line. From 20 August 2009, the station became the terminus of the Airport Express Train . Arendal Arendal ( Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːɳɖɑːɫ] ) is a municipality in Agder county in southeastern Norway . Arendal belongs to the region of Sørlandet . The administrative centre of the municipality

960-598: The E18 and E39 are scheduled to be upgraded to full freeway standards, which will result in further reduction of travel time by car. The Sørlandet Line largely bypasses any significant populations along the coast, and with the exception of Kongsberg does not pass through any significant urban areas until reaching Drammen. If trains were routes along the Vestfold Line, they would be able to stop at larger towns such as Porsgrunn, Larvik , Sandefjord and Tønsberg as well as Sandefjord Airport, Torp . The Grenland Line will not make

1008-457: The genitive case of ǫrn which means " eagle ". The last element is dalr which means " valley " or "dale", thus meaning the "valley of the eagle". A link for the name also has been theorized to the Vasconic substrate hypothesis , for similarity to placenames like Val d'Aran and Arundel . The coat of arms was granted on 7 November 1924 (based upon an older seal). The blazon

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1056-534: The 4th largest Norwegian tanker fleet ; only Oslo , Bergen , and Stavanger were larger. During the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, Arendal was captured by the German torpedo boat Greif . Today, the town has small boat manufacturing, mechanical industry, electronics industry, as well as one of the world's largest silicon carbide refining plants. The municipality had a prison ( Arendal Prison ), however Agder Prison opened in 2020; Arendal Prison

1104-461: The Arendal shipping lane . The Sandvigodden Lighthouse is also located in Arendal. Strømsbo gård is a manor house on a historic farm located west of the center of Arendal. The manor dates from the 1760s. From 1804 the manor and farm were owned by members of the Herlofson family. Peter Herlofson took over the farm and gave the building its present form. In 1883, Axel Herlofsen (1845–1910) built

1152-431: The Arendal region. Frequent contacts with the world abroad put their mark on the local culture and traditions. In 1880, it was the country's biggest port in terms of tonnage handled. At the end of the 19th century, Arendal was recognized as a major shipping centre with many wealthy shipowners. However, this came to an end following the 1886 Arendal crash , in which Axel Nicolai Herlofson had defrauded many bank customers in

1200-482: The Grenland Line branch off north of a new Skien Station, requiring the upgrade of the Bratsberg Line between Porsgrunn and Skien. The main advantage of this route is the railway could serve both Skien and Porsgrunn, and regional trains to Skien could continue along the Grenland Line. The line would cross the river Falkumelva and Farelva and then continues to Kilebygda north of Flåte. It would have to cross

1248-649: The Strømsbo steam sawmill at the head of Strømsbubukt. Nicolai Benjamin Herlofson (1876–1945), former mayor of Arendal, was born and raised at Strømsbo. The European route E18 highway is a major transportation route through Arendal heading to Oslo in the northeast and Kristiansand to the southwest. Other main roads in Arendal include the Norwegian County Road 407 , Norwegian County Road 408 , and Norwegian County Road 410 . The local railway line Arendalsbanen runs to Nelaug where it connects with

1296-407: The Vestfold Line at Eidanger , where a new station would have to be built. Due to the new section of the Vestfold Line, regional trains would not be able to service this new station, located some 3 kilometers (2 mi) from the current station and town center of Porsgrunn. This route would cut south through southern Porsgrunn and Bamble , largely following the route of E18. The route could have

1344-543: The city, leading to bankruptcies and extreme unemployment. At one point in the middle of the 18th century, Arendal was one of Norway's biggest mining towns. The main production consisted of iron ore and magnetite . Around the turn of the twentieth century, when thousands of Norwegians sought to take advantage of the more stable economic climate of the United States by emigrating, many of those from Arendal took their economic traditions with them. In New York City and

1392-454: The first phase of construction of a battery factory (for car batteries and ship batteries), scheduled for 2023. In the middle of the town centre of Arendal is an area with wooden houses dating back to the 17th century. This area is called Tyholmen, and is what is left of buildings from before the 19th century. The inner harbour of Arendal is called "Pollen", where the fish market, pubs, and restaurants are located. Trinity Church dominates

1440-650: The first section of new track began in 1993. Funding focused on upgrading the Vestfold Line, and the Grenland Line was never initialized. Plans for the Grenland Line were revitalized in 2014 and a concept selection study published in 2016. The Sørlandet Line west of Kongsberg and east of Egersund today consists of long-distance passenger and freight trains. For passenger traffic, both road and air are faster than by train. Stavanger and Kristiansand both have airports. As of 2016 road transport between Oslo and Kristiansand took 3 hours and 45 minutes, compared to between 4 hours and 30 minutes and 5 hours by train. Large sections of

1488-431: The former in 1908, and the section to Kragerø was completed in 1927. Later extensions of the Sørlandet Line largely continued through the interior, rather than following the more populated coast. The main arguments were that an interior line could be built with fewer tunnels – reducing costs – and that from a military point of view a non-coastal line would be safe from coastal bombardment from enemy battleships . As most of

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1536-742: The main Sørlandsbanen railway line, which runs between the cities of Oslo and Stavanger . The Setesdal Bilruter (on behalf of public transit authority AKT ) provides bus connections throughout the Arendal area, the Setesdal region including Froland , as well as to the neighboring towns of Grimstad , Lillesand and Kristiansand , and a handful of their suburbs and outlying villages. A few more destinations can be reached with other bus operators (namely Agder Buss , Nettbuss , Konkurrenten.no , and Lavprisekspressen ), including places such as Risør , Tvedestrand , Oslo , and Stavanger . There

1584-408: The northern part of Rørholtfjorden and Nedre Toke before intersecting the Sørlandet Line at Neslandsvatn . The final stretch would run through a new corridor from Neslandsvatn via a new station at Brokelandsheia before intersecting with the Sørlandet Line near Skorstøl. This alternative would be 77 kilometers (48 mi), reduce travel time by 59 minutes and cost 31.3 billion Norwegian kroner. On

1632-503: The population centers were on the coast, the various towns were proposed reached by branch lines. Compared to other Norwegian main railway lines, the Sørlandet Line as a large number of branch lines. Renewed interest in connecting the Sørlandet Line and the Vestfold Line have been brought up in all the national railway plans and National Transport Plans since the 1920s. In 1949 two proposals were made, one from Skien to Lunde and one from Porsgrunn to Drangedal , but neither came further than

1680-407: The primary doctor scheme, accident and emergency departments, physiotherapy, public health centers and school medical services, home nursing care, midwifery services and nursing homes or living arrangements for around-the-clock nursing and care. Sørlandet Hospital has a visiting location in Arendal and offers specialist health services in somatics, psychiatry and addiction treatment. The climate along

1728-591: The problems did not end then; a farmer, Christian Jensen Lofthuus , in nearby Vestre Moland led a rebellion in 1786 which resulted in the government actually remedying some of the most repressive trade policies, but Lofthus died in prison. The charges against Lofthus were that he dealt in grain and other commodities to the detriment to Arendal's privileges. Shipping , shipbuilding , and timber trade as well as mining and ironworks were important branches of industry in Nedenæs county for many centuries, especially in

1776-413: The proposal stage. The next major proposal came with the 1991 plans to modernize the Sørlandet Line, and resulted in several more specific plans. A 1995 recommended that a Grenland Line be built at some point during the 2000s, following one of two paths. Both started at Skorstøl Station on the Sørlandet Line, and then either ran via Sannidal outside Kragerø (outer route) or via Neslandsvatn Station on

1824-468: The route shorter, only faster and through more populated areas. Freight trains would therefore not use the line, although it could act as a bypass for freight trains in case of issues on the eastern part of the Sørlandet Line. The actual capacity of the Grenland Line will be based on bottlenecks on the Sørlandet and Vestfold Lines. The Sørlandet Line between Skorstøl and Kristiansand is single track and has

1872-452: The same line (inner route) to link inn on the Vestfold Line north of Porsgrunn Station. More detailed analyzes were carried out in the following years. The inner route was eventually recommended as it could be built in several steps, overshadowing the outer route's advantage of passing through the more population area of Vestmar . Local governments have however included the planning of the outer route in their municipal plans. Railway Forum South

1920-417: The skyline of this area. Arendal has grown from a traditional sleepy summer-town (with culture activities just in the summer) to a more "all year" city. The building of the new library and the combined city hall/concert house has greatly improved culture life. The Store Torungen Lighthouse is located on the island of Store Torungen outside Arendal. It was constructed in 1844 and electrified in 1914. It

1968-517: The southern coast is temperate. Arendal has a significant amount of rainfall during the year. This is true, even for the driest month. The climate here is classified as temperate oceanic (Cfb by the Köppen-Geiger system ). The all-time low is from January 1942, and the all-time high is from June 1995. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 11 April and average date for first freeze in autumn

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2016-428: The surrounding areas, a great deal of Americans who claim Norwegian ancestry can trace their roots to Arendal, as a great deal of Norwegian sailors, trimmers, shipbuilders, and carpenters from Arendal settled in areas of New York such as Brooklyn , Port Richmond ( Staten Island ), and several industrial centers in northern New Jersey such as Jersey City , Bayonne , Perth Amboy , and Elizabeth . In 1939, Arendal had

2064-465: The town of Christianssand was founded by King Christian IV in 1641, he granted the citizens a monopoly on all trade in Nedenæs and Lister og Mandal counties (including the area of Arendal). This grant, intended to subsidize Christianssand and its fortifications, placed existing towns in a difficult position. Both towns and the peasants in the rural countryside protested the hardships this caused. As

2112-401: The town was vastly expanded. The neighboring rural municipalities of Hisøy (pop: 4,026), Moland (pop: 8,148), Tromøy (pop: 4,711), and Øyestad (pop: 8,679) were all merged with the town of Arendal which had a population of 12,478, bringing the total population of the new municipality of Arendal to 38,042. The Old Norse form of the name was probably Arnardalr . The first element is

2160-574: The west side there have been two alternatives for a station, one at Sannidal/Tangen in Kragerø Municipality (but not within the town of Kragerø). The other is Brokelandsheia in Gjesdal. The reports from the 1990s had preferred a station at Brokelandsheia, while the 2016 report recommended that Sannidal be chosen as it was expected to have nearly three times as much ridership. Drammen Station Drammen Station ( Drammen stasjon )

2208-417: Was a major export port in the 17th and 18th centuries and now has a museum , a kiosk, and several beaches. There is regular boat service from Arendal to the island every day during the summer season. In 2018 the service sector had 82% of the jobs in the municipality. As of 2020, part of the site for Eyde Energipark , an industrial park , has been leveled: 100 maal or 100,000 sq.m. has been leveled for

2256-476: Was established in 1992 as a cooperation between the county municipalities of Rogaland , Vest-Agder , Aust-Agder , Telemark and Vestfold . The groups has been lobbying for a upgraded railway line along the entire coast from Oslo to Stavanger, which they call the Southwest Line, and has the Grenland Line as an important component. Meanwhile plans were under way for upgrading the Vestfold Line. Work on

2304-407: Was sold the next year. Arendal Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by

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