The House of Grimani was a prominent Venetian patrician family, including three Doges of Venice . They were active in trade, politics and later the ownership of theatres and opera-houses.
31-565: Notable members included: The following structures are associated with the family: Cardinal Domenico Grimani was a noted art collector. Many ancient sculptures were found on land the family had purchased on the Quirinal Hill , once site of an ancient Roman bath and garden. He founded the Venice National Archaeological Museum in 1523. Bishop Giovanni Grimani , nephew of Cardinal Domenico, expanded
62-617: A bearded man with religious and military clothing. However, he was almost never depicted in later Roman art . His main festival was the Quirinalia , held on February 17. The priest of Quirinus, the Flamen Quirinalis , was one of the three patrician flamines maiores ("major flamens ") who had precedence over the Pontifex Maximus . Quirinus most likely was originally a Sabine war god. The Sabines had
93-617: A decline in their traditional overseas trading, attracted the best Venetian families to invest in the theatre during the 17th century. The Grimani were dominant, owning what is now called the Teatro Malibran , then called the Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo , as well as the San Benedetto theatre, and other houses. The Veniers owned La Fenice , still the main opera house. The Vendramin owned
124-584: A settlement near the eventual site of Rome , and erected an altar to Quirinus on the Collis Quirinalis , Quirinal Hill , one of the Seven hills of Rome . When the Romans settled in the area, the cult of Quirinus became part of their early belief system. This occurred before the later influences from classical Greek culture. By the end of the 1st century BCE, Quirinus would be considered to be
155-475: Is an early god of the Roman state . In Augustan Rome, Quirinus was also an epithet of Janus , as Janus Quirinus . The name of god Quirinus is recorded across Roman sources as Curinus , Corinus , Querinus , Queirinus and QVIRINO , also as fragmented IOVI. CYRIN[O] . The name is also attested as a surname to Hercules as Hercules Quirinus . The name Quirīnus probably stems from Latin quirīs ,
186-672: Is further supported by a connection with Vofionos, the third god in the triad of the Grabovian gods of Iguvium . Vofionos would be the equivalent of Liber or Teutates , in Latium and among the Celts respectively. His early importance led to Quirinus' inclusion in the Archaic Triad (the first Capitoline Triad ), along with Mars (then an agriculture god) and Jupiter . Over time, however, Quirinus became less significant, and he
217-454: Is the site of other important monuments and buildings. Many of those built during the baroque period reflect the personal and spiritual aspirations of powerful local families: 41°54′04″N 12°29′18″E / 41.90111°N 12.48833°E / 41.90111; 12.48833 Quirinus In Roman mythology and religion , Quirinus ( / k w ɪ ˈ r aɪ n ə s / kwi- RY -nəs , Latin: [kᶣɪˈriːnʊs] )
248-582: The Capitoline Hill . The sanctuary of Flora , an Osco -Sabine goddess , was here too. According to Livy , the hill first became part of the city of Rome, along with the Viminal Hill , during the reign of Servius Tullius , Rome' sixth king, in the 6th century BC. In 446 BC, a temple was dedicated on the Quirinal in honour of Sancus , and it is possible that this temple was erected over
279-655: The Master of James IV of Scotland and Gerard David , contributed some of their finest work to it. All the main Venetian theatres were owned by important patrician families; combining business with pleasure in the Italian, if not European, city with the most crowded and competitive theatrical culture. When most opera in Europe was still being put on by courts, "economic prospects and a desire for exhibitionistic display", as well
310-749: The Palazzo Grimani di Santa Maria Formosa , where he set up his refined collection of antiques, including sculptures, marbles, vases, bronzes and gems, some of which he inherited from his uncle. Long in the library of San Marco and the Biblioteca Marciana , Venice, this breviary is a key work in the late history of Flemish illuminated manuscripts . It was produced in Ghent and Bruges ca. 1515–1520 and by 1520 owned, though possibly not originally commissioned, by Cardinal Domenico Grimani . Several leading artists, including Simon Bening ,
341-481: The deified legendary first king, Romulus . In his Life of Romulus , Plutarch wrote that, shortly after Rome's founder had disappeared under what some considered suspicious circumstances, a Roman noble named Proculus Julius reported that Romulus had come to him while he was travelling. He claimed that Romulus had instructed him to tell his countrymen that he, Romulus, was Quirinus. Historian Angelo Brelich argued that Quirinus and Romulus were originally
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#1732772696695372-791: The 16th century remaining. In the Middle Ages , the Torre delle Milizie and the convent of St. Peter and Domenic were built, and above Constantine's building was erected the Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi ; the two famous colossal marble statues of the Horse Tamers , generally identified as the Dioscuri with horses, which now are in the Piazza Quirinale, were originally in this palazzo. They gave to
403-512: The 8th century BC to the 7th century BC that confirm a likely presence of a Sabine settlement area have been discovered; on the hill, there was the tomb of Quirinus, which Lucius Papirius Cursor transformed into a temple for his triumph after the third Samnite war. Some authors consider it possible that the cult of the Capitoline Triad ( Jove , Minerva , Juno ) could have been celebrated here well before it became associated with
434-531: The Baths of Constantine, were re-erected in 1588. In a view etched by Giovanni Battista Piranesi , the vast open space is unpaved. The Quirinal Palace was the residence of the popes until 1870, though Napoleon deported both Pius VI and Pius VII to France, and declared the Quirinal an imperial palace. When Rome was united to the Kingdom of Italy , the Quirinal became the residence of the kings until 1946. Today,
465-800: The Hill belongs to the rione Trevi . The Quirinal Hill is today identified with the Quirinal Palace , the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic in Rome, and one of the symbols of the State. Before the abolition of the Italian monarchy in 1946, it was the residence of the king of Italy, and before 1871 it was, as originally, a residence of the Pope. The healthy cool air of
496-539: The Italian president. The Quirinal Palace has an extension of 1.2 million sq ft (110,000 m ). According to Roman legend, the Quirinal Hill was the site of a small village of the Sabines , and king Titus Tatius would have lived there after the peace between Romans and Sabines. These Sabines had erected altars in the honour of their god Quirinus (naming the hill by this god). Tombs from
527-517: The Piazza) and Carlo Maderno , and by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for Pope Clement XII . Gardens were conceived by Maderno. In the 18th century, Ferdinando Fuga built the long wing called the Manica Lunga , which stretched 360 meters along via del Quirinale. In front lies the sloping Piazza del Quirinale where the pair of gigantic Roman marble "Horse Tamers" representing Castor and Pollux , found in
558-576: The Quirinal Hill attracted aristocrats and papal families that built villas where the gardens of Sallust had been in antiquity. A visit to the villa of Cardinal Luigi d'Este in 1573 convinced Pope Gregory XIII to start the building of a summer residence the following year, in an area considered healthier than the Vatican Hill or Lateran : His architects were Flaminio Ponzio and Ottaviano Nonni , called Mascherino; under Pope Sixtus V , works were continued by Domenico Fontana (the main facade on
589-469: The Quirinal its medieval name Monte Cavallo , which lingered into the 19th century, when the hill was transformed beyond all recognition by urbanization of an expanding capital of a united Italy. In the same palazzo were also the two statues of river gods that Michelangelo moved to the steps of Palazzo Senatorio on the Capitoline Hill . According to the political division of the center of Rome,
620-403: The Romans would toast spelt as an offering to the goddess Fornax . In one version of the legend of Romulus' death cited by Plutarch, he was killed and cut into pieces by the nobles and each of them took a part of his body home and buried it on their land. Brelich claimed this pattern – a festival involving a staple crop, a god, and a tale of a slain founding hero whose body parts are buried in
651-463: The Vendramins at San Luca in 1752 was a major event in the theatrical history of the period, ushering in perhaps his finest period, in which as well as his comedies, he played a significant role in the development of the opera buffa . The Vendramins, who had considerable direct involvement in the management of the theatre, however they did not take their involvement as far as Vincenzo Grimani , who
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#1732772696695682-700: The important Teatro di San Luca or Teatro Vendramin , founded in 1622, later renamed the Teatro Apollo , and since 1875 called the Teatro Goldoni , which still thrives as the city's main theatre for plays, now in a building of the 1720s. In the age of Carlo Goldoni , the greatest Venetian dramatist, only the San Luca and the Malibran still put on spoken drama, and his desertion of the Grimani for
713-475: The name as a contraction of *Co-Virīnus (originally the protector of the community, cf. cūria < *co-viria ), descending from an earlier * Co-Wironos , itself from the Proto-Indo-European noun *wihₓrós ("man"). Linguist Michiel de Vaan argues that this etymology "is not credible phonetically and not very compelling semantically." In earlier Roman art , Quirinus was portrayed as
744-463: The name of Roman citizens in their peacetime function. Since both quirīs and Quirīnus are connected with Sabellic immigrants into Rome in ancient legends, it may be a loanword. The meaning "wielder of the spear" (Sabine quiris , 'spear', cf. Janus Quirinus ), or a derivation from the Sabine town of Cures , have been proposed by Ovid in his Fasti 2.477-480. Some scholars have interpreted
775-462: The palace hosts the offices and the apartments of the Head of State and, in its long side along via XX Settembre (the so-called Manica Lunga ), the apartments that were furnished for each visit of foreign monarchs or dignitaries. Several collections are in this Palazzo, including tapestries , paintings, statues , old carriages ( carrozze ), watches, furniture, and porcelain . In Piranesi's view,
806-605: The palazzo on the right is the Palazzo della Sacra Consulta , originally a villa built upon the ruins of the Baths of Constantine, which was adapted by Sixtus V as a civil and criminal court. The present façade was built in 1732–1734 by the architect Ferdinando Fuga on the orders of Pope Clement XII Corsini, whose coat-of-arms, trumpeted by two Fames , still surmounts the roofline balustrade, as in Piranesi's view. It formerly housed Mussolini's ministry of colonial affairs. The hill
837-537: The ruins of another temple. Augustus , too, ordered the building of a temple, dedicated to Mars . On a slope of the Quirinal were the extensive gardens of Sallust . On the Quirinal Hill Constantine the Great ordered the erection of his baths , the last thermae complex erected in imperial Rome . These are now lost, having been incorporated into Renaissance Rome, with only some drawings from
868-535: The same divine entity which was split into a founder hero and a god when Roman religion became demythicised. To support this, he points to the association of both Romulus and Quirinus with the grain spelt , through the Fornacalia or Stultorum Feriae , according to Ovid's Fasti . The last day of the festival is called the Quirinalia and corresponds with the traditional day of Romulus' death. On that day,
899-412: The soil – is a recognized mytheme that arises when such a split takes place in a culture's mythology (see Dema deity archetype). The possible presence of the Flamen Quirinalis at the festival of Acca Larentia would corroborate this thesis, given the fact that Romulus is a stepson of hers, and one of the original twelve arval brethren ( Fratres Arvales ). The association of Quirinus and Romulus
930-516: Was a cardinal and opera librettist. worldcat Quirinal Hill The Quirinal Hill ( / ˈ k w ɪ r ɪ n əl / ; Latin : Collis Quirinalis ; Italian : Quirinale [kwiriˈnaːle] ) is one of the Seven Hills of Rome , at the north-east of the city center. It is the location of the official residence of the Italian head of state, who resides in the Quirinal Palace ; by metonymy "the Quirinal" has come to stand for
961-606: Was absent from the later, more widely known triad (he and Mars had been replaced by Juno and Minerva ). Varro mentions the Capitolium Vetus , an earlier cult site on the Quirinal, devoted to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, among whom Martial makes a distinction between the "old Jupiter" and the "new". Eventually, Romans began to favor personal and mystical cults over the official state belief system. These included those of Bacchus , Cybele , and Isis , leaving only Quirinus' flamen to worship him. Even centuries after