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39-456: Grinzing ( German pronunciation: [ˈɡʁɪnt͡sɪŋ] ) was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling , the 19th district of Vienna. Grinzing lies in the northwest of Vienna and, with an area of 613.52 hectares, is the largest suburb in the district of Döbling. To the northeast, it borders on Josefsdorf ; the border continues along the Wildgrube and

78-535: A long time to recover. At the start of the 18th century for example, Oberdöbling was still somewhat smaller than neighbouring Unterdöbling. When the plague hit in 1713 though, the village fared better than others. Of its 31 houses, just 5 were infected; 13 people died. In 1721, Oberdöbling consisted of three rows of houses – the Hofzeile (today the upper right-hand side of the Döblinger Hauptstraße),

117-524: A sovereign state such as the Principality of Monaco , to a small village such as West Hampton Dunes, New York . The territory over which a municipality has jurisdiction may encompass: Powers of municipalities range from virtual autonomy to complete subordination to the state . Municipalities may have the right to tax individuals and corporations with income tax , property tax , and corporate income tax , but may also receive substantial funding from

156-786: A visit. The large area covered by the Wienerwald is home to the Habsburgwarte on the Hermannskogel hill as well as a monument to Karl Lueger and the “Cobenzl” restaurant on the Reisenberg hill. The Grinzing Cemetery ( Grinzinger Friedhof ) is home to the graves of Julius Deutsch , Gustav Mahler , Alma Mahler-Werfel , Attila Hörbiger , Paula Wessely , Heimito von Doderer , Ida Krottendorf and Thomas Bernhard . [REDACTED] Media related to Grinzing at Wikimedia Commons Municipality A municipality

195-657: Is derived from French municipalité , which in turn derives from the Latin municipalis , based on the word for social contract ( municipium ), referring originally to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy). A municipality can be any political jurisdiction , from

234-404: Is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term municipality may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district . The English word

273-666: The Minoritenkirche in Vienna. Thereafter, Grinzing fell within the jurisdiction of the Klosterneuburg Monastery , which retained its authority over the area into the 19th century. The Grinzing Parish Church "Zum heiligen Kreuz" (The Holy Cross) was erected in 1426. Grinzing suffered greatly in the centuries following the Middle Ages. In 1484, Matthias Corvinus laid waste to the village, while in 1529

312-537: The Ottoman Turks inflicted heavy damage. In 1604, a major fire destroyed sections of the village and in 1683 the Turks once again ruined the newly reconstructed houses. Grinzing nonetheless developed better than its neighbours. In 1713, there were 70 houses, but the plague hit the village hard. More than half of these houses were infected, and 129 people died. This seriously stunted the village’s growth. In 1783,

351-974: The Schönbrunn Palace , this phenomenon created the basis for Oberdöbling’s privileged development. Five new streets were built in the village between 1765 and 1786. Today, these are the Döblinger Hauptstraße, the Heiligenstädter Straße, the Pyrkergasse, the Pokornygasse and the Billrothstraße. Later, the village gained its own suburb, which covered the Gymnasiumstrasse, the Hardtgasse and the Pyrkergasse. This Neu-Döbling (New Döbling) area

390-582: The 12th century, the nobles derer von Topolic owned Döbling, later it was the property of the Dominican monastery in Tulln . It is mentioned in a document from 1310 as the village of the ladies of Tulln. As time progressed, separate villages evolved, divided from one another by the Krottenbach. Unterdöbling was originally known as Chrottendorf; the name Unterdöbling is believed not to have been in use until

429-673: The 15th century. Oberdöbling falls within the Döbling parish, which belongs in turn to the 19th Vienna Deanery . Besides the Döbling Parish Church , Oberdöbling is also home to the nunnery of the Schwestern vom armen Kinde Jesu. This comprises educational institutions, a church and a chapel. The original Döblinger cemetery was in Unterdöbling. It was closed in 1927. It housed inter alia the graves of Johann Strauß

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468-529: The 15th century. The separation of the two settlements was recorded in an official document for the first time in 1591. A village seal dating from 1694 has been preserved. It depicts Saint James with the inscription Sigil der gemain Ober Döbling 1694 (Seal of the municipality Ober Döbling 1694). The village’s growth was arrested by the second siege of Vienna . In 1689, six years after the attack, just 50 of 850 vineyards were in use. The settlement took

507-626: The 19th century included the Vereinigte Tintenfabriken Hartmann und Mittler , later known as the Kuli-Werk , which existed between 1867 and 1968 and stood at number 8 in the Gatterburggasse. Kattus , a producer of sparkling wine , is today one of Döbling’s best-known enterprises. Oberdöbling’s first theatre opened in 1835 in the desacralised Johanneskapelle on the corner of the Döblinger Hauptstraße and

546-526: The 19th district, Döbling , while the rest of Grinzing was allocated to Weidling . Grinzing’s reputation is based on its vineyards and numerous Heurigen —the traditional cafes serving wine and must (grape juice) which remain a tourist attraction to this day. The traditional importance of viticulture and logging in the local economy during becomes evident when one examines the distribution of available land in Grinzing in 1826. At that time, 45 percent of

585-522: The Cobenzlgasse. This former manor was supposedly thus named ( Trümmer = rubble, Hof = court, yard) because it was built on top of Roman ruins. The village was inhabited primarily by vintners and day labourers, who served land-owning monasteries and rich members of Vienna’s bourgeoisie. In the 14th century, the last of the Grunzinger, Rüdiger von Gründsing, died, and in 1350 he was buried in

624-580: The Elder and Joseph Lanner, whose remains were transferred to the city’s central cemetery . Their gravestones were both preserved in the Strauß-Lanner-Park that was created on the site after 1927. Other famous persons buried in the Döblinger cemetery were Nikolaus Lenau , Ludwig Boltzmann and Johann Nepomuk Berger , whose remains were transferred to other cemeteries. The new Döblinger cemetery

663-401: The Hofzeile. In 1859, the actors relocated to the theatre restaurant “Wendl” at Währinger Spitz, which boasted both a summer arena and an indoor theatre, after their original home was sold to the nuns Schwestern vom armen Kinde Jesu . Rude comedies were popular; plays by Johann Nestroy were also produced. Alexander Girardi and Max Reinhardt both played here in their early years. The theatre

702-671: The Kirchenzeile (today the left-hand side of the Hofzeile), and the Bachzeile by the Krottenbach (today the right-hand side of the Hofzeile). There were 39 houses in total. The emperor’s use of the surrounding land as hunting grounds made Oberdöbling attractive both for the nobility and for members of Vienna’s bourgeoisie. Those who could afford to do so built second residences here. As in Hietzing , which profited from its proximity to

741-557: The Krottenbach stream, thus bordering on Sievering and Unterdöbling . In the east, the Barawitzkagasse and Heiligenstädter Straße mark the border with Heiligenstadt , while the former Linienwall marks the border with Alsergrund . In the south, Oberdöbling borders on Währing and in the east on the section of the Katastralgemeinde also known as Währing that lies in Döbling. A settlement named Hart used to stand on

780-844: The Schreiberbach stream towards the east, where it branches along the Springsiedelgasse and the Neugebauerweg to the south. The border then runs along the Hungerbergstraße to mark the boundary to Unterdöbling , before following the course of the Kaasgraben, which divides Grinzing from Sievering in the east. Finally, the border turns northwestward and continues via the Himmelstraße and the Spießweg to

819-483: The Schreiberbach, which runs untouched through the Wildgrube almost as far as Nussdorf . The Reisenbergbach begins to the west of the Reisenberg and makes its way through Grinzing, where it flows into a canal. The headwaters of the Arbesbach also lie in the west of Grinzing. A further notable characteristic of the area are its grapevines, especially on the Reisenberg and Hungerberg hills. The name "Grinzing" means "of

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858-553: The Spanish term ayuntamiento , referring to a municipality's administration building, is extended via synecdoche to denote the municipality itself. In Moldova and Romania , both municipalities ( municipiu ; urban administrative units) and communes ( comună ; rural units) exist, and a commune may be part of a municipality. In many countries, comparable entities may exist with various names. Oberd%C3%B6bling Oberdöbling ( Central Bavarian : Obadöbling )

897-423: The church in Grinzing was elevated to the status of a parish church; it was financed through the dissolution of several religious orders in the area by Joseph II . However, the pace of development in the village remained slow in the following decades. In 1795, there were 83 houses. In 1822 there were 99 houses but there were no further additions until 1835. In 1831, Grinzing numbered 99 houses with 835 inhabitants and

936-534: The community living in the area and the common interest. These include terms: The same terms "Gemeente" (Dutch) or "Gemeinde" (German) may be used for church congregations or parishes, for example, in the German and Dutch Protestant churches. In Greece, the word Δήμος ( demos ) is used, also meaning 'community'; the word is known in English from the compound democracy (rule of the people). In some countries,

975-551: The edge of the city of Vienna, which separates Grinzing from Weidling . Grinzing is characterised by numerous forested ridges of the Wienerwald (Vienna Woods). Hermannskogel , the tallest hill in Vienna, lies on the border to Lower Austria . There are also other well-known hills, including the Reisenberg , Latisberg , Vogelsangberg , Hungerberg , and Pfaffenberg . Grinzing’s woods are home to several streams, including

1014-556: The land was covered by the woodlands belonging to the Klosterneuburg Monastery . Another 23 percent was used for vineyards. Agriculture played a secondary role, covering barely 10 percent of the land. Beer production was also important at times; a brewery founded in the Trummelhof in 1814 operated intermittently until 1831. In addition to Grinzing’s numerous Heurigen , the parish church and the Kaasgrabenkirche are worth

1053-558: The most popular casinos in Vienna. Strauß and Lanner also performed here. In the 1960s, the building was converted into a hotel with a restaurant. Nowadays, Oberdöbling is home to the most important local museum, the Bezirksmuseum Döbling, which is housed in the Villa Wertheimstein . A church is mentioned in Döbling for the first time in 1267, but the oldest still-standing church can only be traced back to

1092-422: The people who belong to a man named Grinzo". Many German words ending in "ing" are indicators of membership to a Sippe . A version of the name "Grinzing" first appears in 1114, when it was called Grinzigan . The village of Grinzing came into the possession of the noble house Grunzinger in the 11th century. The Grunzinger built the Trummelhof, the remains of which can still be seen in the house at number 30 in

1131-767: The site of modern-day Oberdöbling, but it was abandoned in the 14th century. Oberdöbling developed along what is now the Hofzeile. Döbling is mentioned for the first time in an official document in 1114 as de Teopilic . This name is of Slavic origin; toplica either means “marshy water” and refers to the settlement’s location by the Krottenbach or derives from the Old Slavic term for a “warm creek”. Later usage includes spellings such as Toblich, Töbling and Tepling. Döbling’s first residents were almost exclusively farmers, who were largely reliant on their own produce. They produced wine for sale, but also planted cereals for this purpose and produced fruit, vegetables and milk products. In

1170-561: The start of the 19th century. Growing crops and fruit was already more profitable. Fields covered more than half of the available land; orchards took up a further 10 percent. In contrast, vineyards occupied approximately just seven percent of available land. The first factory was built early in Oberdöbling. It was built in 1754, and produced velvet, silk, and fine fabrics. At first, it employed as many as 100 people; by 1790, there were already 300 people working in this factory. A hammer mill

1209-478: The state. In some European countries, such as Germany, municipalities have the constitutional right to supply public services through municipally-owned public utility companies . Terms cognate with "municipality", mostly referring to territory or political structure, are Spanish municipio (Spain) and municipalidad (Chile), Catalan municipi , Portuguese município . In many countries, terms cognate with "commune" are used, referring to

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1248-422: Was Anton Edler von Wirth , who had bought the land from the authorities responsible for administrating state property in 1824. He was also lord of Sievering. Around the middle of the 19th century, a construction boom began in Oberdöbling. In 1853, there were 323 houses with a total of 4229 inhabitants; in 1890, there were 14,460 inhabitants in 567 houses. In 1858, gas-powered street lighting was introduced. The gas

1287-419: Was an independent municipality until 1892 and is today a part of Döbling , the 19th district of Vienna. It is also one of the 89 Katastralgemeinden . Location: 48°14′28″N 16°21′18″E  /  48.24111°N 16.35500°E  / 48.24111; 16.35500 Oberdöbling lies in the south of the Döbling district of Vienna and covers an area of 241.20 hectares. In the north, Oberdöbling extends to

1326-679: Was built in 1783 at the point where the Arbesbach and the Krottenbach meet. The local brewery, which was founded to complement the brewery in Gaudenzdorf in 1833, and which was purchased by the owners of the Ottakringer Brauerei in 1856, was well known. After the brewery was destroyed in World War II , the Kopenhagenhof Gemeindebau was built in its stead. Other important enterprises established in

1365-536: Was characterised by the wealth of its inhabitants, whereas construction in Alt-Döbling (Old Döbling) was patchy. There were still many run-down huts in parts of the old village. At the end of the 18th century, Oberdöbling grew rapidly. In 1780, there were 136 houses with a total of 932 inhabitants. Growth then slowed however, so that the number of houses only increased from 188 to 202 with a total of 1550 inhabitants between 1822 and 1835. The last lord of Oberdöbling

1404-405: Was closed between 1881 and 1888 because of concerns over fire safety; in 1893 the entire restaurant folded. Joseph Lanner and Johann Strauß the Elder held concerts in the “Finger” casino in Oberdöbling, but the “Finger” had to close in 1840, probably because of competition from the nearby casino “Zögernitz” (Döblinger Hauptstraße 76). The “Zögernitz”, which had been opened in 1837, became one of

1443-457: Was created in Oberdöbling, on the border to Glanzing and Währing . It is home to the graves of prominent local families such as Wertheimstein, Zacherl, Gräf and Kattus. Theodor Herzl , Wilhelm Miklas , Robert von Lieben and Ferdinand von Saar also found their last resting place here. Further to the south, on the border to Währing, there is also the last remnant of the Währinger cemetery,

1482-644: Was supplied by an English firm based in the area between the Gymnasiumstraße and the Billrothstraße from 1856. In 1892, Oberdöbling, along with the surrounding suburbs of Grinzing , the Kahlenbergerdorf , Nußdorf , Heiligenstadt , Sievering and Josefsdorf , was turned into the 19th district of Vienna, Döbling . In contrast to the situation in the surrounding villages, viticulture had already lost any significance in Oberdöbling’s economy at

1521-400: Was thus barely larger than it had been in 1795. The rate of growth increased after the 1830s, and by 1890, the population had grown to 1,421 people in 209 houses. In 1892, Grinzing was incorporated into the city of Vienna. The area as far as the Wienerwald ridge was included along with Oberdöbling , Unterdöbling , Kahlenbergerdorf , Nußdorf , Heiligenstadt , Sievering and Josefsdorf in

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