24-458: Groenendaal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Jacobus Groenendaal (1805–1860), South African politician Reinier Groenendaal (born 1951), Dutch cyclo-cross cyclist Richard Groenendaal (born 1971), Dutch cyclo-cross cyclist, son of Reinier [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Groenendaal . If an internal link intending to refer to
48-824: A building now known as the First Raadsaal by Sir George Clerk, on behalf of the British government, and twenty-five representatives of the Boer people. The first two presidents of the Orange Free State Republic were later sworn into office in this building which later became a prominent symbol in Apartheid era education in South Africa. For nearly 50 years following the convention the Boers had
72-524: A federation with the Cape Colony instead. Groenendaal was much occupied with the foundation of the state, both in its basic structure, its state apparatus, and its paraphernalia, like a coat of arms and a flag. At the same time he strongly pressed for international recognition, especially from the Netherlands. A state press was to curb the influence of the British printing press and newspapers in
96-708: A member of the Council of Representatives, charged with the negotiations about the final take-over of sovereignty, which resulted in the Orange River Convention . As a member of the Volksraad Groenendaal and his fellow member J.M. Orpen, an Irishman, were the dominant forces behind the drafting of a constitution. After the formation of the Orange Free State Groenendaal was appointed its first State Secretary ,
120-459: A period in which Groenendaal kept away from active politics, although he did get involved in political debate through letters in the local press. In these he strongly criticised Boshoff's policies with regard to land speculation. Groenendaal, though not a very powerful figure, still had allies in the Volksraad, which appointed him member of a commission to oversee the state budget for 1858, much to
144-745: A royal proclamation was signed abandoning and renouncing all dominion in the Orange River Sovereignty. On 23 February 1854, the Orange River Convention officially recognised the independence of the area which was called the Orange Free State . The convention made no mention of Moshoeshoe I or what the boundaries between the Basotho and the Orange Free State would be. The convention was signed in
168-497: A specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Groenendaal&oldid=1022224546 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Jacobus Groenendaal Jacobus Groenendaal (1 November 1805 – 27 November 1860)
192-428: A title soon changed to Government Secretary. He was also appointed the state's Treasurer General. In April 1854 he briefly acted as State President for J.P. Hoffman . Groenendaal and State President Hoffman did get along well together, and they briefly established a solid political and administrative basis for the new state. Both Groenendaal and Hoffman were cripples, reason for their government to quickly gain
216-534: A war against the British. The Boers were asked to send a delegation to a meeting with the British special commissioner Sir George Clerk in August 1853. This meeting was aimed at establishing some form of self-governance in the Orange River Sovereignty. When they could not agree, the Boers sent two members of their original delegation to England to try to convince the government to alter their decision. On 30 January 1854,
240-723: The Bloemfontein Convention ; Afrikaans : Bloemfontein-konvensie ) was a convention whereby the British formally recognised the independence of the Boers in the area between the Orange and Vaal rivers, which had previously been known as the Orange River Sovereignty . This resulted in the formation of the independent Boer Republic of the Orange Free State (OFS). During the Great Trek
264-522: The Boers moved out of the Cape Colony seeking autonomy from British control. However, the expanding interests of the British colonial government soon caught up with the Boers when they annexed Natal in 1845. After settling across the Orange River, relations between the Boers and different groups between the Orange River and the Caledon River were extremely strained; particularly between
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#1732779529029288-578: The Orange River Sovereignty , where he established himself in February 1850 as government teacher in Rietrivier in Sannah's Poort (now Fauresmith ). In the years after, Groenendaal strongly propagated Dutch migration to South Africa, bringing migrants to the Orange River Sovereignty privately. In this enterprise he co-operated with Lauts , and they continued their 'business' after the independence of
312-701: The Boers and the Basotho . Sir Harry Smith , the governor of the British Cape Colony at the time, decided to annex the area and set out clear boundaries. The land between the Vaal River and the Orange River was annexed on 3 February 1848 and was officially proclaimed as the Orange River Sovereignty . The Basotho lost a vast amount of land due to this annexation and the Boers were enraged by this process. Major Henry Douglas Warden
336-533: The Orange Free State. In a sense, Groenendaal was a progenitor of Afrikaner (Free State) nationalism. He remained an active member of the Volksraad until his death. Groenendaal married late in life, in 1858, with Johanna Antoinet Helderman, widow of P.W. van der Merwe. He died in his house in Fauresmith , Orange Free State , on 27 November 1860, only fifty-five years old. Orange River Convention The Orange River Convention (sometimes also called
360-476: The Orange Free State. When circumstances for migration deteriorated, both Groenendaal and Lauts were criticised for their actions. The inhabitants of Sannah's Poort appointed Groenendaal as their representative to the conference in Bloemfontein of 5 September 1853, where a possible political independence of the Orange River Sovereignty was first discussed. During the negotiations, the delegates appointed him
384-490: The Orange River through Vechtkop to Jammerbergdrift on the Caledon River. This action led to a conflict between the two groups where Moshoeshoe I defeated the British in a battle known as Battle of Viervoet in 1851. The British government retracted their decision for annexation, claiming it was too expensive and difficult to maintain. In addition, the Boers wanted independence and threatened to side with Moshoeshoe I in
408-523: The dismay of President Boshoff. In November 1858, Groenendaal was re-elected to the Volksraad for the constituency of Midden-Rietrivier en Grootrivier in Sannah's Poort Fauresmith . This time, he found himself on the side of Boshoff, and up against a majority of the Volksraad, in the debate about unification of the Orange Free State with the South African Republic . Groenendaal, Boshoff, and State Attorney H.A.L. Hamelberg were all for
432-487: The negotiations about the formation of the Orange Free State, and afterwards as a parliamentarian and office holder. His political career was hampered by bad health and differences of opinion with State President Boshoff , and eventually cut short by his early death. Groenendaal left an important political legacy in the form of the Orange free State constitution, in the draft of which he played an important role. Groenendaal
456-475: The nickname 'the crippled government', but this did not reflect the true affairs of the state. After State President Hoffman was forced to retire because of the 'gunpowder incident', Groenendaal remained in office. However, his relationship with the new State President, Boshoff , was much less cordial than that with Hoffman . One reason was the chaotic state of affairs at the Treasury, for which Groenendaal
480-537: The right to govern themselves independently of Great Britain . It also temporarily halted the expansionist policies of Sir Harry Smith beyond the frontiers of the Cape Colony . By signing the convention, the British renounced control not only over the Boers but also over the Basotho and the Griqua . Earlier British treaties with African chiefdoms in the area were nullified and the Boers were permitted access to gunpowder and firearms while Africans were not. Both
504-597: Was a South African statesman of Dutch origin, member of the Volksraad of the Orange Free State and the republic's first Treasurer General and Government Secretary in office from 1854 to 1855 and 1856 respectively. Groenendaal was born in Heerewaarden , Netherlands, and was one of the many Dutch immigrants who settled in South Africa around the middle of the nineteenth century. He was a schoolteacher by training, but quickly became an influential politician, first in
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#1732779529029528-707: Was born in Heerewaarden , the Netherlands, son of a farmer in that village. He was trained as a schoolteacher , and worked in a primary school in the Dutch town of Amersfoort in the late 1840s. Several articles written in 1848 and 1849 by professor U.G. Lauts about Dutch relations with South Africa, and the need for Dutch assistance in the field of education and public administration, inspired Groenendaal to get in touch with Lauts. On his recommendation Groenendaal emigrated to South Africa in 1849, already forty-four years old, but still single. From Cape Town, where he arrived with several other Dutch migrants, Groenendaal travelled to
552-411: Was responsible, and which Boshoff quickly criticised. Plagued by poor health (first fevers, later a serious disease of his leg) forced Groenendaal to go on leave for several months in 1855-1856. State President Boshoff took the opportunity to request the Volksraad to dismiss him as Treasurer General. In January 1856 Groenendaal was forced to resign as Government Secretary. The resignation was followed by
576-580: Was subsequently forced out of Bloemfontein in June 1848 by a Boer group led by Andries Pretorius . In August 1848, Sir Harry Smith arrived with his army and fought the Boers in the Battle of Boomplaats . The British came out victorious and one of the boundary lines created after this battle was called the Warden line. This line divided territory between the British and the Basotho and stretched from Cornetspruit and
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