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40-490: Classical Grosstarock is not related to the modern 54-card game known as Viennese Grosstarock which developed out of Zwanzigerrufen . This form of Tarot game was introduced into Germany from France around 1720, its initial terminology and mode of play being typically French. The original game - which may be referred to as classical Taroc ( Tarocspiel or Taroc-Spiel ) - was a simple, three-hander with no bidding but several card combinations, as can be seen from descriptions in

80-503: A Professor Wildt wrote that "the so-called Gross-Taroc , in which 6 to 7 ultimo’s are possible, and several are tried at the same time, really requires more mental effort than the usual chess game." Meanwhile German authors use the term more widely; for example, Mayr and Sedlaczek refer to the 1754 rules as the "oldest surviving form" of Grosstarock, while Alscher describes the Danish version as "Danish Grosstarock". According to Dummett,

120-507: A Tarock game were published in 1754 in Regeln bey dem Taroc-Spiele . They were reprinted in the 1755 edition of the games compendium, Palamedes Redivivus , and elaborated in Die Kunst, die Welt (1756). Although German Grosstarock packs are no longer produced, the game may be played using the standard 78-card, French Tarot pack which is readily available, or using 78-card facsimile packs of

160-452: A Tarok when discarding to the skat or if a player has no other Taroks and is thus entitled to a redeal. During the game the Scies may be played at any time, its owner stating the suit it represents. If neither opponent can follow suit, the next player in turn may re-designate the suit for that trick. When the Scies is played it never wins the trick, but is recovered and the trick winner is given

200-516: A feature whereby a player taking no tricks is able to score all the points. Dummett sees this as the distinguishing mark of the game he calls Grosstarock and believes that this name was not introduced until the mid-19th century. More recent research has revealed that, in fact, the name Grosstarock was being used far earlier than that. For example, it is recorded in 1785 that "Großtarock" was one of several card games played in Göttingen , and, in 1803,

240-455: A low card from Scies player's trick pile in exchange. A player may demand that the Scies is played to the antepenultimate trick, but there is a penalty for getting this wrong. It may not be played to the penultimate trick and, if played to the last, it is captured by the trick winner. A Nolo is the achievement of failing to take any tricks and earns a special bonus. It invalidates any ultimos by another player; but losing an ultimo still incurs

280-474: A number of sources. Once again it is a three-hand game, but this time dealing and play are clockwise. Dealer distributes all the cards in packets of five, leaving himself with the last eight cards. He then discards three cards which must not include a King or Tarok 21. He must not discard any other Taroks unless he has the Pagat (Tarok 1) and no more than 2 others. Beginning with the dealer, players may make any of

320-485: A penalty. The following declarations are possible: Play is to the right and forehand (right of dealer) leads to the first trick. Players must follow suit or trump if unable (here the Scies may be counted as a Tarok but does not win the trick). A player need not head the trick but may underforce . The trick winner leads to the next trick. The Scies may be used as a wild card in declarations or during play. It may be used in more than one declaration. It does not count as

360-645: A penalty. There is no payment for winning the last trick and the Noloist is penalised for losing a King or the Pagat. All bonus points are paid by both opponents to the player who earns them, and all penalty points are paid to both opponents by the player who incurs them. Viennese Grosstarock Viennese Grosstarock is a modern, three-player Austrian card game of the Tarock family that emerged in Vienna during

400-500: A player loses the Pagat during the game, he pays a penalty of 5 points to each adversary. If it is lost in the last trick, he pays 10 points. However, if he wins the last trick with the Pagat, he is paid a bonus of 10 points from each opponent. The Excuse cannot be beaten nor can it win a trick. But its owner may play it at any time instead of another card. He retrieves the Excuse from the trick, lays it away in his own trick pile and gives

440-623: A victory over the Schleswig-Holstein rebels who were laying siege to the town. Fredericia's landmark, Landsoldaten , was unveiled on 6 July 1858. The municipality today is part of the East Jutland metropolitan area with 1.2M inhabitants, and is the site of Fredericia municipality's municipal council. The town is a major barracks , home to the Royal Danish Army 's Signals Regiment ( Telegrafregimentet ), which

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480-674: Is a town located in Fredericia Municipality in the southeastern part of the Jutland peninsula in Denmark. The city is part of the Triangle Region , which includes the neighbouring cities of Kolding and Vejle . It was founded in 1650 by Frederick III , after whom it was named. The city itself has a population of 41,544 (1 January 2024) and the Fredericia Municipality has a population of 52,485 (2024). After

520-650: Is located at Rye's Barracks ( Ryes Kaserne ) and Bülow's Barracks ( Bülows Kaserne ). The town is one of Denmark's largest traffic hubs . Fredericia railway station is the principal railway station of the town. It is an important railway junction where the Copenhagen-Fredericia Line , the Fredericia-Aarhus Line , and the Flensburg-Fredericia Line all meet. The station was opened in 1935 together with

560-406: Is may be played at any time to any trick. Normally it is retrieved by its owner and a low card given to the trick winner in exchange from the trick pile; however, if played to the last three tricks it is captured by the trick winner. There are also options for players to announce a Vole beforehand; if successful, this scores 52 if announced before the 1st trick, 38 if before the 13th and 31 if before

600-604: Is still made, but only in a 54-card version. However, a facsimile of a Russian derivative of the 78-card Bavarian Animal Tarot pattern ( Russisches Tiertarock ) is available from Piatnik . Around 1800, double-ended versions of the Bavarian Paris pattern appeared. Of these the Adler Cego pattern is the only animal tarot pattern still in common use, but it is no longer made with 78 cards. As a result, Danish Tarok players today use French Tarot Nouveau cards. In all cases

640-666: Is usually called Tarok . However, this game is also referred to – for clarification – in English as Danish Tarok or Danish Tarock . The modern Danish game is played in a form that Martin argues is close to the original German Grosstarock. The Danes produced their own Tarok cards from the mid-18th century, initially based on the Bavarian Animal Tarot pattern and later to Jacob Holmblad's own design, but manufacture of all Danish Tarok cards had ceased by 1939, so nowadays they use imported French Tarot Nouveau packs. In 2010,

680-716: The Bavarian version of the Paris pattern . Though widely copied and becoming the most widespread animal tarot, it died out in the early 19th century, so players may have switched to the Belgian Animal Tarot pattern or to other patterns such as Wüst's Bourgeois Tarot . Despite their names, both originated in Germany. The Belgian pattern continued to be made until the late 19th century, while the Bourgeois Tarot

720-647: The Besançon pattern tarots which were introduced from the Alsace , but were made in Germany as early as the 1720s. They were followed by the earliest animal tarots utilizing Lyonnais face cards , made around 1740 in Strasbourg and also in Germany up to the early 19th century. The Bavarian animal tarot was designed by Andreas Benedict Göbl of Munich , Bavaria around 1765. He replaced the Lyonnais face cards with

760-516: The 1750s. However, it differed from its French predecessor in having significantly fewer declarations; in addition, the Fool had to be played before the last three tricks, not just before the final trick, and there was a new emphasis on the Pagat Ultimo bonus. The next development of the game is first described in the 1783 edition of Das neue Königliche l'Hombre which, for the first time, records

800-401: The 1950s and 1960s. The game died out in the 1970s, but was revived in 2004 and further developed. Viennese Grosstarock is a Tarock card game for three-players played with a 54-card Tarock pack . The name, which means 'big tarock', refers to the size of the pack which was larger than the 40-card pack used for the more common game of Zwanzigerrufen . In the same way, the name ' Grosstarock '

840-536: The 19th century. Dummett believed that it did not survive the First World War , but Hülsemann states in 1930 that Grosstarock was still popular in southern Germany and Austria, while in 1892, the Coburger Zeitung confirms that Tarok is only native to Austria and Bavaria. Neither country produces 78-card Tarock packs any longer. The game was known in Denmark as early as 1770 where it was played at

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880-424: The 20th trick. Failure incurs the same penalty in reverse. A Nolo may also be announced; if successful, scoring 36 if announced before the 1st trick and 31 if before the 13th. If it fails, the normal payments for bonuses, penalties and card points are made; in addition, a 10-point penalty is incurred if it was announced before the 1st trick and 5 points if before the 13th trick. All bonuses are paid by both opponents to

920-468: The Animal Tarot or other early Tarock patterns which are occasionally printed. The following is summary of the early rules: The game is played between three players. Four may play with one player in turn, known as the 'King', sitting out for the deal. Play is anticlockwise. The dealer distributes 5 rounds of 5 cards each, keeping the last 8 cards himself. He then discards 3 cards which count to him at

960-782: The Danish Tarock Association ( Dansk Tarokforbund ) was formed and, today, there are local clubs in Aarhus , Aalborg , Allerød , Blovstrød , Brabrand , Fredericia , Hjørring , Holbæk , Kalundborg (the Royal Tarock Club and the Kalundborg Tarock Club), Nørrebro , Randers and Westre . Grosstarock is played with a French suited pack of 78 cards. Originally these were of the German animal tarot type. The earliest pattern may have been

1000-550: The King signed the document giving the town its first privileges, and work on the new fortifications could begin. In 1651, the town was named Frederiksodde (Frederick's Point) after the king, and on 22 April 1664, it was given the new Latinized name of Fredericia. Every 6 July, the town of Fredericia holds a festival to commemorate the 1849 Battle of Fredericia , fought during the First War of Schleswig , in which Danish troops won

1040-406: The dealer must show them. Taroks may only be discarded if it leaves the dealer void in that suit, may never be discarded. If a Tarok is discarded, the dealer must disclose the fact. Following the discard, all players must declare any scoring combinations in their hands, the dealer going first. Players are paid the score shown by each opponent . Failing to make a declaration when you could, incurs

1080-547: The devastation caused by the Thirty Years War in a largely unfortified Jutland, King Christian IV realized the necessity of building a strong fortress in Jutland, and decided that this project could be combined with his plans for building a large town in Jutland. A fortified encampment was built on a point of land called Lyngs Odde, near the current location of Fredericia, with a rampart stretching to either side of

1120-651: The end. They must not include any Kings or Tarocs unless he only has exactly 3 Tarocs including the Pagat , in which case they may be discarded. In addition, a combination of the Pagat, Sckis or Excuse (the Fool) and another Taroc is a legal discard. There are penalties for misdealing. Opening with the dealer, players now make any of the following declarations which earn payments from each opponent in 'game points' as shown: Declarations must be made before play starts, otherwise they do not count. Players must follow suit, or trump if unable; otherwise they may discard any card. If

1160-402: The following announcements which score points as shown: The player to the left of the dealer leads to the first trick; thereafter the winner of the trick leads to the next one. Players must follow suit, or trump if unable, but there is no compulsion to win a trick. Tricks are won by the highest Tarok or, if no Tarok is played, the highest card of the suit led. The Sküs may not take a trick, but

1200-633: The game or that the name was coined to avoid confusion with Tarok l'Hombre which was popular across Germany as stated in contemporary sources such as the 1838 ladies' encyclopaedia, the Damen Conversations Lexikon . As Tarok l'Hombre became more popular among the middle classes during the 19th century, Grosstarock continued to be played by the common folk, which may have resulted in another name for it: Schustertaroc or Schuster Tarock (literally: "Cobbler's Tarock"). In Germany and Austria, Grosstarock continued to be played throughout

1240-463: The led suit. If a player takes no tricks but has the Excuse at the end, he is paid 4 points from each adversary. The game is scored in 'game points'. These must not be confused with 'card points' which represent the value of individual cards and are used to determine who won the deal and by how much. Scoring works as follows: Dummett describes Grosstarock rules in Ten Tarot Games , based on

Grosstarock - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-425: The name 'Grosstarock' ("Great Tarock") was coined at a time when the 78-card game was being threatened by competition from newer games played with a shortened, 54-card pack. However, there is no evidence of 54-card games being played in northern Germany and Denmark where Grosstarock was popular in the late 18th and early 19th century, so it may be that the name arose in southern Germany or Austria and migrated north with

1320-575: The opening of the Little Belt Bridge across the Little Belt . The train services are operated by the railway company DSB . It offers direct InterCity services to Copenhagen , Odense , Aarhus , Aalborg , Struer , Esbjerg , Sønderborg , Flensburg and Hamburg . The nearest airport with scheduled national and international flights is Billund Airport c. 45 km west of Fredericia. The Vejlby Speedway Center , run by

1360-428: The packs comprise the following cards: Note that, in some rules, all suits were ranked in their natural order with Aces low. In addition, present-day Danish players also use two pots and coloured jetons for scoring. The aim in every case is to score points by capturing counting cards in tricks and to earn bonuses through declarations and certain accomplishments during the play. The earliest rules in German for

1400-572: The player who earns them and all penalties are paid to both opponents by the player who incurs them. The following rules are based on those published in 2011 by the Danish Tarok Association who point out that rule variations are permitted and that each local club may have its own version of the rules. In addition to the card pack, Danish Tarok also makes use of two pots – a King pot and a Pagat pot – and jetons for scoring, ideally with denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 100 points. At

1440-514: The point, thus protecting the encampment from attacks. However, the fortifications were not perfect, and when Swedish Field Marshal Lennart Torstenson invaded Jutland, he was able to break through the ramparts. It was Frederick III who was finally able to complete the plans for the fortification, also adding a flank fortification on nearby Bers Odde as suggested by Danish Marshal of the Realm Anders Bille . On 15 December 1650,

1480-406: The royal court. The first rules were published in 1786, and by 1840 they already included features that are peculiar to the Danish variant, such as separate pots for the King and Pagat ultimo. The Danes also retained the anticlockwise mode of play and adopted a very wide range of declarations, although some authors counselled against having too many. The game is still played in Denmark today where it

1520-564: The start of the game, each player antes 20 points into each pot and lots are drawn to decide the first dealer. If either pot is empty, everyone antes 20 points to it, otherwise the dealer tops it up with a 5 point stake. The dealer then deals all the cards out, to the right in packets of five. He then takes the 3 remaining cards into his hand and must lays away 3 cards to the skat . The skat must not contain any matadors (Pagat, Scies, Tarok 21) or Kings, and must not include any cards used in declarations unless this cannot be avoided, in which case

1560-405: The trick winner a low card of his choice, from his tricks, in exchange. The Excuse must be played by the 3rd last trick. If it is held until that point and its owner is on lead, he must surrender the lead to the player on his right and play the Excuse in his turn. In addition, the Excuse may not be held when its owner has run out of Tarocs, but must be played to the next trick in which he is void in

1600-575: Was used in the 19th-century to refer to the original 78-card game at a time when the 54-card game was introduced and spreading throughout Austria and into Germany. However, the two games are not directly related. Unique features of the Viennese Grosstarock include its "idiosyncratic method of counting the cards" and the ability of an opponent to pick up the declarer's discards and play a higher contract. Fredericia Fredericia ( Danish pronunciation: [fʁeðəˈʁetɕæ] )

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