Grüningen is a town and municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland , notable for its well-preserved historic nucleus.
42-553: Grüningen is first mentioned in 1243 as apud Gruningin . The village of Itzikon was first mentioned in 837 as in Izinheimo and Binzikon was mentioned in 854 as in willa Pinuzzinhovun . In the Strangenholz area of the municipality, burial mounds from a Hallstatt era population have been found. The Alamannic settlement dates to c. the 8th century, based on 9th-century records of Itzikon and Binzikon. Grüningen castle
84-493: A Fachhochschule ). There are 1135 households in Grüningen. Grüningen has an unemployment rate of 1.36%. As of 2005, there were 136 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 49 businesses involved in this sector. 300 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 36 businesses in this sector. 803 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 88 businesses in this sector. As of 2007 46% of
126-649: A Benedictine monk in the cloister of St. Peter and most likely became prior by the time he left, around 1525. He then married Margaretha, a former Beguine . That year they traveled to Zürich, which was then embroiled in controversy over infant baptism, and was expelled from the city in November. He became associated with the Anabaptists and was probably rebaptised in the summer of 1526. He was involved in missionary activity around Horb and Rottenburg , and eventually traveled to Strasbourg . In February 1527 he chaired
168-526: A bachelor's and a master's degree from the University of Freiburg in 1511 and a doctor's degree from the University of Ingolstadt under Johann Eck in 1512. After serving as the university's vice-rector, he left a pastorate of the Catholic Church at Regensburg in 1516 and then went to Waldshut in 1521. He was rebaptised there in 1525 by Wilhelm Reublin. He succeeded in establishing Anabaptism as
210-566: A branch of Anabaptism that started in Zürich , spread to nearby cities and towns, and then was exported to neighboring countries. Today's Swiss Mennonite Conference can be traced to the Swiss Brethren. In 1525, Felix Manz , Conrad Grebel , George Blaurock and other radical evangelical reformers broke from Ulrich Zwingli and formed a new group because they felt reforms were not moving fast enough. Rejection of infant baptism
252-751: A degree. In 1521 he joined a group gathered around Zürich reformer Huldrych Zwingli to study the Greek classics, the Latin Bible, the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament. Core members of the group broke with Zwingli because they thought the reform process was proceeding too slowly. At a gathering in January 1525 George Blaurock asked Grebel to baptize him upon a confession of faith. Afterward, Blaurock baptized Grebel and
294-485: A meeting of the Swiss Brethren at Schleitheim , at which time the Schleitheim Confession was adopted. In May, 1527, Sattler was arrested by Roman Catholic authorities, along with his wife and several other Anabaptists. He was tried and sentenced to be executed as a heretic. Before execution by fire, his tongue was cut out, and red hot tongs were used to tear two pieces of flesh from his body. Margaretha
336-721: Is August during which time Grüningen receives an average of 162 mm (6.4 in) of precipitation. During the wettest month, there is precipitation for an average of 14.3 days. [REDACTED] Media related to Grüningen at Wikimedia Commons Tumulus Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 199228009 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:40:08 GMT Swiss Brethren The Swiss Brethren (Schweizer Brüder) are
378-427: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 20.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 14.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (2.5%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). In 1996 housing and buildings made up 10.6% of the total area, while transportation infrastructure made up the rest (4%). Of the total unproductive area, water (streams and lakes) made up 0.5% of the area. As of 2007 9.2% of
420-589: The Cantons of Switzerland , Alsace and the Palatinate promoting his views and excommunicating any who opposed him. Because of his unbending convictions and harsh rhetoric, an irreparable breach developed between the two groups that continues centuries later in North America. Ammann later regretted his contribution to the split and asked for forgiveness, but by 1700 the rift was too great. In Appenzell
462-661: The SPS (12.3%), the FDP (11.7%) and the CSP (11%). The age distribution of the population (as of 2000) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.8%. The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Grüningen about 75.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or
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#1732779608283504-475: The Swiss Brethren movement, was likely a native of Grüningen. The former bailiwick became the district (Oberamt) of Grüningen in 1815. Development stagnated in the 19th century, and Grüningen barely participated in the industrial revolution. As of 1836, there were 300 people employed in farming, 200 in the cotton and silk homeworking industry, and 112 in other crafts. In 1831, the administrative seat of
546-565: The counts of Toggenburg from 1314, and by Heinrich Gessler of Meienberg from 1374. Gessler improved the castle fortifications against the threat of the Swiss Confederacy in the years leading up to the Sempach War , and Grüningen was raided several times by Zürich during the 1370s to 1380s. Heinrich Gessler died in 1403 and was succeeded by his son Hermann, who was finally forced to cede Grüningen to Zürich. Heinrich Hagnauer
588-553: The 3,000 mark by 2010. In 1976, Grüningen received the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage. In order to protect the historic town nucleus from through traffic, a bypass has been planned from 2003. A project by Santiago Calatrava was presented as the winning submission in September 2018. Grüningen municipality has an area of 8.8 km (3.4 sq mi). Of this area, 62.5%
630-662: The Anabaptism was developing. Michael Sattler was baptized by Reublin in Rottenburg. Other places evangelized by Reublin include Schaffhausen , Strasbourg , Reutlingen and Esslingen . By 1535 Reublin had left the Swiss Brethren. Michael Sattler (c. 1490 – 1527) was particularly influential for his role in developing the Schleitheim Confession . Born in around 1490 in Staufen, Germany , Sattler became
672-542: The Catholic Church before he arrived in Zürich around 1524, for he had already taken a wife. Though he came to see Huldrych Zwingli , he soon became attached to the reformer's more radical followers. After a break with Zwingli in January 1525 and acting against a Zürich city council ruling, Blaurock asked Conrad Grebel to baptize him upon a confession of faith in Christ. Grebel did so, and afterwards Blaurock proceeded to baptize
714-575: The Catholic Church. Because of persecution by the authorities, many Swiss Brethren moved from Switzerland to neighboring countries. The Swiss Brethren became known as Mennonites after the division of 1693, a disagreement between groups led by Jacob Amman and Hans Reist . Many of the Mennonites in France, Southern Germany, the Netherlands and North America, as well as most Amish descend from
756-492: The Swiss Brethren. In 1527 Michael Sattler authored the Schleitheim Articles , the first Anabaptist confession of faith . It contained seven articles on the following topics: Most Swiss Brethren accepted these seven articles. George Blaurock ( Bonaduz , c. 1491 – 1529) was a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement. He was educated at the University of Leipzig and served as a priest, but departed from
798-465: The castle was developed into a medieval city, with fortifications and market rights, around the mid 13th century, likely under Lütold VI. In 1269, Lütold was forced to cede the fief back to St. Gallen, as he was in financial difficulties following his feuds with both the city of Zürich and with count Rudolf von Habsburg The abbey pawned the fief to Walter von Elgg in 1273, but it was acquired by Rudolf von Habsburg, now elected King Rudolf I of Germany , in
840-524: The district was moved to Hinwil . Population declined from c. 1,700 in 1850 to c. 1,200 in 1900. From 1836, there was a mail coach connecting Grüningen to Zürich, from 1838 one to Stäfa . Grüningen was on Wetzikon–Meilen tramway line, operating 1903–1950. Since 1950, Verkehrsbetriebe Zürichsee und Oberland have operated a bus service. Population grew slowly over the first half of the 20th century, back to c. 1,700 (the population of 1850) by about 1960. Population growth accelerated after c. 1960, passing
882-458: The first casualty of the edict, and the first of the Swiss Brethren to be executed at the hands of Protestants. Hans Reist ( fl. 1670 – 1704) was a central figure in the dispute that resulted in the formation of the Amish branch. Reist favored a milder form of church discipline and was strongly opposed by Jakob Ammann who advocated a strict form of the ban . The disagreement was fierce and
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#1732779608283924-456: The following year. Grüningen held city rights since before 1370 (first record of the city seal and coat of arms), as one of four localities in the canton of Zürich which held city rights before the end of the medieval period, the other three being Zürich itself (1218), Winterthur (1264) and Elgg (1371). The town remained in Habsburg possession throughout the 14th century, administered by
966-466: The gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 4.4%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (92.0%), with Italian being second most common ( 1.9%) and English being third ( 1.3%). In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 43.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were
1008-455: The group in 1521, he and Manz became friends. They questioned the mass, the nature of church and state connections, and infant baptism. The Zürich city council declared Zwingli the victor of a January 1525 disputation and ordered the group to desist from arguing and submit to the decision of the council. Instead, the group gathered at the home of Felix Manz and his mother. Conrad Grebel rebaptized George Blaurock, and Blaurock in turn rebaptized
1050-427: The historic appearance of the town. Their efforts included watching over any changes that were made to the city and presenting suggestions for improvement. They developed and staffed a local museum, presented cultural events and published information about the town's heritage. Grüningen has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 3,716. As of 2007, 11.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. As of 2008
1092-727: The ill feelings generated by the exchange between Reist, Ammann, and other leaders resulted in an unrepairable breach. Reist is recognized as a leader of the Swiss Brethren group that later adopted the name Mennonite . Wilhelm Reublin (1484 – c. 1559) was a prolific Swiss Brethren missionary who eventually left the movement. Reublin was born in 1484 in Rottenburg am Neckar . In 1521, after studying theology in Freiburg and Tübingen , he pastored at St. Alban in Basel then in Witikon . Reublin
1134-612: The loss of Grüningen (which would have left a Habsburg-owned enclave within the Swiss Confederacy after the re-admission of Zürich in 1450). With the renewed hostilities of 1443, Grüningen was besieged again, during 11 to 16 July, and the garrison surrendered once again. The attackers killed Zürich reeve Peter Kilchmann in spite of having offered safe conduct. The rest of the garrison retreated to Zürich, where they were imprisoned and fined for cowardice. With Grüningen in Swiss hands,
1176-626: The official religion for a short period first in Waldshut and then in Nikolsburg . On 10 March 1528 Hubmaier was executed by burning for heresy. Felix Manz (c. 1498 – 1527) was a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement. Manz was the illegitimate son of a canon of the Grossmünster in Zürich. His knowledge of Hebrew, Greek and Latin indicate a liberal education. Manz became a follower of Huldrych Zwingli and when Conrad Grebel joined
1218-531: The others who were present. Blaurock worked closely with Felix Manz until Manz was martyred in Zürich in 1527. On that same day, Blaurock was severely beaten and permanently expelled from Zürich. He kept moving, laboring at Bern, Biel, the Grisons, and Appenzell. After his arrest and fourth banishment in 1527, Blaurock left Switzerland never to return. He conducted a very successful ministry in Tyrol . In August 1529 he
1260-577: The others, initiating a wave of rebaptisms that would spread throughout the Swiss cantons. Grebel died of the plague in 1526. Balthasar Hubmaier (c. 1480 – 1528) was one of the most well-known and respected Anabaptist theologians of the Reformation. He was born in Friedberg, Bavaria around 1480. In 1524, he married Elizabeth Hügline of Reichenau. He attended Latin School at Augsburg, received both
1302-624: The others. Manz proceeded to use his language skills to translate religious texts into the language of the people, and worked enthusiastically as an evangelist. Manz was arrested on a number of occasions between 1525 and 1527. While he preached with George Blaurock in the Grüningen region, they were taken by surprise, arrested and imprisoned in Zürich at the Wellenburg prison. The Zürich council had passed an edict that made adult rebaptism punishable by drowning. On 5 January 1527, Felix Manz became
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1344-401: The population were Catholic. Of the rest of the population, 0% were Muslim, 3% belonged to another religion (not listed), 2.7% did not give a religion, and 10.2% were atheist or agnostic. The historical population is given in the following table: Grüningen has an average of 144.3 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,328 mm (52.3 in) of precipitation . The wettest month
1386-517: The territory of Grüningen bailiwick was harried by Swiss troops led by Ital Reding. These laid siege to Greifensee in Mai 1444, where the entire garrison was killed upon surrendering. With the peace of 24 August 1450, Grüningen was returned to Zürich, and would remained a bailiwick ( Landvogtei ) administrated by Zürich reeves until the French invasion of 1798. Conrad Grebel (c. 1498–1526), co-founder of
1428-590: The total municipal area was undergoing some type of construction. The municipality is located in the Zürcher Oberland and includes the town of Grüningen proper, besides the villages and hamlets of Itzikon, Binzikon, Bächelsrüti, Adeltshausen and Holzhausen as well as scattered individual houses. The Wakker prize was awarded to Grüningen for the efforts that the Heimatschutzgesellschaft (Swiss heritage society) put into maintaining
1470-428: The town and castle, which were defended by Jakob Murer and a garrison of 40 men. The defenders surrendered on 10 November 1440, three weeks before Zürich was forced to sign the unfavourable peace of Lucerne, on 1 December 1440. Frederick V of Habsburg and III of Germany at this time requested the return of Grüningen to Habsburg, but the intercession of Bern , in the so-called Berner Spruch of 17 March 1441, prevented
1512-478: The working population were employed full-time, and 54% were employed part-time. As of 2008 there were 663 Catholics and 1573 Protestants in Grüningen. In the 2000 census, religion was broken down into several smaller categories. From the 2000 census, 57.7% were some type of Protestant, with 53.3% belonging to the Swiss Reformed Church and 4.4% belonging to other Protestant churches. 25.7% of
1554-532: Was a distinguishing belief of the Swiss Brethren. On the basis of Sola scriptura doctrine, the Swiss Brethren declared that since the Bible does not explicitly mention infant baptism, it should not be practiced by the church. This belief was subsequently rejected by Ulrich Zwingli. Consequently, there was a public dispute, in which the council affirmed Zwingli's position. This solidified the Swiss Brethren and resulted in their persecution by all other reformers as well as
1596-411: Was arrested by Innsbruck authorities and tortured for information. On 6 September 1529, Blaurock was burned at the stake near Klausen . Conrad Grebel (c. 1498 – 1526) was a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement. He was probably born in Grüningen about 1498. His family moved to Zürich around 1513. Grebel spent about six years in three universities, but without finishing his education or receiving
1638-502: Was built from the early 13th century, most likely by the counts of Rapperswil , who acted as reeves for Einsiedeln Abbey . Grüningen is recorded as a possession of Einsiedeln during 1217–1222. Around 1230, Grüningen passed from Einsiedeln to the Abbey of Saint Gall and was at first given as a fief to the counts of Kyburg , and in 1253 to Lütold VI, head of the baronial Regensberg family . The small settlement that had grown up around
1680-482: Was elected reeve in 1416. Hagnauer implemented a strict regime, creating resentment towards the new lords. Frederick IV of Habsburg was upset over the loss of the territory, and made several attempts to regain Grüningen from Zürich, but ultimately without success. In 1440, Grüningen bailiwick was invaded by the forces of Schwyz and Glarus in the course of the Old Zürich War . A force of 1,000 laid siege to
1722-558: Was executed by drowning. Jakob Ammann ( fl. 1696 – before 1730) was an elder who became the founder of the Amish Mennonites. Ammann advocated the strictest form of the ban , insisting that there be no contact with an excommunicated member, even among family members. He had firm views on clothing style , opposed trimmed beards and introduced foot washing . He traveled among the Swiss Anabaptist communities in
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1764-572: Was with Conrad Grebel and Felix Manz in Zürich in January 1525 at the birth of the Anabaptist movement. Reublin took part in a disputation on 17 January 1525 after which Grebel, Mantz and Reublin were given eight days to leave the canton. Reublin proceeded to Hallau , where he establish a large Anaptist congregation. From Hallau Reublin successfully evangelized in other areas for the young Anabaptist movement. On Easter 1525 he baptized theologian Balthasar Hubmaier in Waldshut , where another center of
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