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17-638: The city lies at an altitude of 913 metres, in the centre of the Hoya of Guadix , a high plain at the northern foothills of the Sierra Nevada . It is located on the Linares Baeza–Almería railway . The city was built in the vicinity of gullies and badlands. Evidence of human settlement in the area surrounding Guadix goes back to at least the Bronze Age . Guadix el Viejo , 6 km northwest,

34-476: A continental environment. The fluvial channels gradually carried sediments from the surrounding mountain ranges that progressively clogged the basin and gave rise to a relatively flat or gently sloping bed. There is an abundance of geological material from the Burdigalian portion of the early Miocene , some 20 million years ago. Materials of marine origin were deposited for some 7 million years, after which

51-479: A high level of development in the settlement. Throughout the Iberian era, there was a shift in planning regarding the construction methods and the alignment of residences. The importance of craftsmanship and industry in the area has been shown by the discovery of what might be an oil press below Calle Palacio. Excavations at Cine Acci have uncovered a slate dwelling from the 5th century BC. According to Macrobius ,

68-575: Is a natural plain in the northern part of the province of Granada , Andalusia , Spain . It covers some 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi), and is formed by the basins of the rivers Fardes and Guadix . It is surrounded by the heights of the Sierra Nevada to the south, the Sierra de Baza to the east, the Sierra Mágina to the north and the Sierra Harana to the west. It

85-672: Is separated by the Cerro Jabalcón from the Hoya of Baza which, like the Hoya of Guadix, is one of the series of valleys forming the Surco Intrabético . Hoya in this context refers to a low-lying plain or basin. The filling of this depression occurred simultaneously with its uplift. At its base there are bioclastic calcarenites from the Upper Miocene. These materials are typical marine deposits in areas close to

102-788: The Caliphate's decline, Guadix found itself located on the border between the territories of Zirids of Granada and those of the Banu Jayrán of Almería. The city was integrated into the Almoravid Empire and then by the Almohad Caliphate , which conquered al-Andalus and later left the peninsula, leading to Guadix becoming a territory of the Emirate of Granada . During this period, Guadix was home to Ḥamda bint Ziyād , one of medieval Granada's foremost women poets. The city

119-431: The basin became totally isolated from the sea. From that time, further deposits are exclusively continental, carried by flowing rivers. The current configuration of the Hoya began to take form some 500,000 years ago in a strong paleogeographic restructuring. Small rivers formed in the reliefs that surrounded the basin began a process of erosion that gave the landscape its now-characteristic gullies and badlands . In

136-672: The city is known to have been one of the first in the Iberian Peninsula to adopt Catholicism. Few remains have been found dating from the IV to the XI century. After 711 it rose to some importance as a Moorish fortress and trading station, renamed Wadi 'Ashi ("the Wadi of Acci", or "The Water of Life"). According to Arab sources, the city was initially a rebel against the Umayyads , and after

153-408: The coast. Marine marl was deposited on top of these rocks. On top of them there are essentially detrital materials from continental fluvial environments (clays, silts, sands, conglomerates and rocks typical of lacustrine sedimentation in arid environments such as gypsum. The deposition of these materials indicates an uplift of the region that started with a marine sedimentation environment and ended in

170-493: The end of the 19th century, Guadix had been famous for its cutlery; but its newer manufactures (chiefly earthenware, hempen goods, and hats) did not contribute to the city's economy significantly. Trade of wool, cotton, flax, corn and liqueurs took place in the city. The warm mineral springs of Cortes y Graena , once commonly frequented during the summer, are located roughly 10 kilometres west of Guadix. The novelist Pedro Antonio de Alarcón , author of El sombrero de tres picos ,

187-427: The present day, the waters of the rivers Fardes and Guadix have made the Hoya de Guadix a fertile zone for irrigated farming, including fruit orchards (especially melons ), poplar trees grown for their wood, cereals , legumes and vegetables . The climate of the basin is continental , with mountain ranges sheltering it from the influence of the sea. Precipitation falls mostly in the winter. The largest city in

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204-580: The primitive inhabitants paid homage to Mars under the name of Neton . Julius Caesar established the Roman colony called Julia Gemella . According to tradition, it was the seat of the first bishopric in Hispania , in the 2nd century. Roman coins were minted at Julia Gemella, and the settlement continued to be an important centre of commerce, leaving artifacts such as the Pedestal of Isis , as well as

221-498: The rivers Fardes and Guadix have turned the region into a fertile, then irrigated area, where the use of the land ranges from the cultivation of fruit trees, where peach cultivation abounds, to forestry, in particular that of poplar groves, as well as the sowing of cereals, leguminous plants and vegetables. Guadix is twinned with: Guadix has also reached a "green-twinning" agreement with Piaseczno , Poland. Hoya of Guadix The Hoya of Guadix ( Spanish : Hoya de Guadix )

238-578: The ruins of a Roman theatre. In addition, a network of sewers, galleries and water conduits have been uncovered in the city, as well as the possible remains of a Roman temple. Acci would have enjoyed the benefits of the Ius Italicum , which would have favoured social and economic development. The fall of the Western Roman Empire negatively influenced the status of Acci, whose population may have in large part moved to rural areas, and

255-487: Was born in Guadix in 1833. The 19th and 20th centuries saw a period of economic crisis for the town. Currently Guadix is a center of production of fruit (strawberries), cereals, vegetables, as well as a minor tourist center. The Hoya Basin has been subject to erosion due to the presence of small rivers in the surrounding elevations, which have given the area its characteristic landscape of gullies and badlands. The sediments of

272-673: Was the Roman Acci (also Accitum ) mentioned in Pliny's Natural History and as Akki by Ptolemy , who placed it among the Bastetani , whose capital was Basti . It is not known for certain whether it is of Phoenician or of early Spanish origin. The existence of an oppidum with a well-defined urban plan from the 6th century BC has been documented; archeological excavations have revealed complex spaces with straight walls and red adobe floors. Kilns and silos have also been found, demonstrating

289-610: Was the site of the Battle of Guadix in January 1362 in which a small Castilian army was routed by the forces of Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada . The civil wars in the kingdom of Granada turned Guadix into the capital of a short-lived kingdom ruled by Muhammad XIII of Granada : internal conflicts made the arrival of the Castillans easier, and the city surrendered without a siege to the kingdom of Ferdinand and Isabella in 1489. By

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