Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency ) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies. Political freedom has been described as freedom from oppression or coercion, the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions, or the absence of life conditions of compulsion, e.g. economic compulsion, in a society. Although political freedom is often interpreted negatively as the freedom from unreasonable external constraints on action, it can also refer to the positive exercise of rights, capacities and possibilities for action and the exercise of social or group rights. The concept can also include freedom from internal constraints on political action or speech (e.g. social conformity , consistency, or inauthentic behaviour). The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights , which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the state .
26-598: Gudivada Municipality is the local self government in Gudivada of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is classified as a special grade municipality, spread over an area of 12.67 km (4.89 sq mi) with 36 election wards. The municipality was constituted in the year 1927. The municipality consists of a chairperson and its wards committee. YSR Congress Party won the Gudivada municipal elections in 2014. TBA
52-479: A conflict between the will and the self. Similarly, the idea of freedom as freedom from politics is a notion that developed in modern times. This is opposed to the idea of freedom as the capacity to "begin anew", which Arendt sees as a corollary to the innate human condition of natality, or our nature as "new beginnings and hence beginners". In Arendt's view, political action is an interruption of automatic process, either natural or historical. The freedom to begin anew
78-430: A country is really free is the amount of security enjoyed by minorities." Gerald C. MacCallum Jr. spoke of a compromise between positive and negative freedoms, saying that an agent must have full autonomy over themselves. In this view, freedom is a triadic relationship because it is about three things, namely the agent, the constraints they need to be free from and the goal they are aspiring to. Hannah Arendt traces
104-774: A social context". To such libertarians, positive liberty is contradictory since so-called rights must be traded off against each other, debasing legitimate rights which by definition trump other moral considerations. Any alleged right which calls for a result (e.g. housing, education, medical services and so on) produced by people is in effect a purported right to enslave others. Political philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre theorized freedom in terms of our social interdependence with other people. Economist Milton Friedman argues in his book Capitalism and Freedom that there are two types of freedom, namely political freedom and economic freedom , and that without economic freedom there cannot be political freedom. A study on 123 nations shows that
130-445: Is also associated with political contexts in which a population or demographic becomes independent from colonial rule , absolute government , absolute monarchy , or any government that they perceive does not adequately represent them. It is therefore a fundamental tenet of many democracies , republics and nationalist governments. Mohandas Gandhi 's term " swaraj " is a branch of this self-rule ideology. Henry David Thoreau
156-457: Is also closely linked to the idea of autonomy, which refers to the ability of individuals and groups to make decisions for themselves, without external influence or control. The means of self-governance usually comprises some or all of the following: Political freedom Various groups along the political spectrum hold different views about what they believe constitutes political freedom. Left-wing political philosophy generally couples
182-409: Is an important concept in the fields of management, leadership, and governance, and is seen as a key to achieving personal and organizational goals. Self-governance can also be seen in the context of community and society, where it refers to the ability of individuals to take responsibility for their own actions and the actions of their community. Additionally, self-governance is also closely related to
208-430: Is closely related to various philosophical and socio-political concepts such as autonomy , independence , self-control , self-discipline , and sovereignty . In the context of nation states , self-governance is called national sovereignty which is an important concept in international law . In the context of administrative division , a self-governing territory is called an autonomous region . Self-governance
234-575: Is no such thing, for instance, as freedom to pollute or freedom to deforest given that such activities create negative externalities , which violates other groups' liberty to not be exposed to pollution. The popularity of SUVs , golf and urban sprawl has been used as evidence that some ideas of freedom and ecological conservation can clash. This leads at times to serious confrontations and clashes of values reflected in advertising campaigns, e.g. that of PETA regarding fur . John Dalberg-Acton stated: "The most certain test by which we judge whether
260-518: Is the ability to be one's own master, it means being able to control one's own impulses and desires, rather than being controlled by them. Accordingly, this principle is not only a fundamental moral freedom but also as a necessary condition of political freedom and by extension the freedom and autonomy of any political structure . John Locke further developed this idea, arguing that genuine freedom requires cognitive self-discipline and self-government. He believed that man's capacity for self-governance
286-564: Is the present chairman of the municipality and the vice-chairman is TBA. The present municipal commissioner is Murali Krishna. The city residents rely on hand pumps and motors for water. The shortage of water made the municipality to take certain measures like, providing new pipelines, construction of two summer storage tanks with a capacity of 1,686 million litres and 634 million litres etc. The municipality provides 87 litres of water per head every day. The other works such as, sewage , internal drainage system and road margins are also taken by
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#1732780429171312-421: Is the source of all freedom. He believed that freedom is not a possession but an action, that is, it is not something that you have but something you do. Locke proposes that rationality is the key to true agency and autonomy, and that political governance is enabled by the governing of one's own judgement . His political philosophy was a prominent influence on Immanuel Kant , and was later taken up in part by
338-581: The Founding Fathers of the United States . The nature of self-governance, that freedom relies upon self-regulation, has further been explored by contemporary academics Gilles Deleuze , Michel Foucault , Judith Butler , William E. Connolly , and others. Self-governance is not just a philosophical concept but also a practical one. It can be seen in various forms such as self-regulation, self-control, self-management and self-leadership. It
364-627: The Ministry of Urban Development , Gudivada Municipality was ranked 450th in the country. Self-governance Self-governance , self-government , self-sovereignty , or self-rule is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of regulation without intervention from an external authority . It may refer to personal conduct or to any form of institution , such as family units , social groups , affinity groups , legal bodies , industry bodies , religions , and political entities of various degrees. Self-governance
390-407: The "socialist argument" defined "individual liberty" as " 'freedom from' obstacles". He argued that this definition only "confused" and obscured the aim of "securing individual freedom", because it permitted a possible "identification of freedom with power." The subsequent "collective power over circumstances" misappropriated "the physical 'ability to do what I want', the power to satisfy our wishes, or
416-708: The Hayek–Friedman hypothesis of the necessity of economic freedom for political freedom holds well. Only in few cases, there was relatively high political freedom without high economic freedom, and even those cases diminished over time. A later study found just one clear counter-example, Belarus after 1991, and its freedom was lost over time. In his article "Why the Market Subverts Democracy", Robin Hahnel takes issue with Friedman's concept of economic freedom, asserting that there will be infringements on
442-565: The authorities. Sri Kodali Venkateswara Rao (Nani) Park (or Rajendra Nagar Park ) was constructed by the Public Works Department in 2005 and is maintained by the municipality. The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) . In 2015, as per the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan of
468-483: The concept of self-determination. Self-determination refers to the idea that individuals and groups have the right to govern themselves, to make decisions about their own lives and to determine their own future and political status without outside interference. This concept is closely linked to the idea of self-governance because it emphasizes the importance of individuals and groups being able to take control of their own lives and to make decisions about their own future. It
494-484: The conceptual origins of freedom to ancient Greek politics. According to her study, the concept of freedom was historically inseparable from political action. Politics could only be practiced by those who had freed themselves from the necessities of life so that they could participate in the realm of political affairs. According to Arendt, the concept of freedom became associated with the Christian notion of freedom of
520-411: The extent of the choice of alternatives open to us." Hayek maintained that once any possible "identification of freedom with power is admitted," a "totalitarian state" coalesced where "liberty has been suppressed in the name of liberty." Social anarchists see negative and positive liberty as complementary concepts of freedom. Such a view of rights may require utilitarian trade-offs, such as sacrificing
546-422: The freedom of others whenever anyone exercises their own economic freedom. He argues that such infringements produce conflicts that are resolved through property rights systems, and therefore it is essential to decide what is a better or a worse property rights system, yet Friedman simply takes for granted the existing property rights and does not question them. Political philosopher Nikolas Kompridis posits that
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#1732780429171572-405: The notion of freedom with that of positive liberty or the enabling of a group or individual to determine their own life or realize their own potential. In this sense, freedom may include freedom from poverty, starvation, treatable disease, and oppression as well as freedom from force and coercion, from whomever they may issue. According to neoliberal philosopher and economist Friedrich Hayek ,
598-699: The pursuit of freedom in the modern era can be broadly divided into two motivating ideals, namely freedom as autonomy or independence and freedom as the ability to cooperatively initiate a new beginning. Political freedom has also been theorized in its opposition to and a condition of power relations, or the power of action upon actions, by Michel Foucault . It has also been closely identified with certain kinds of artistic and cultural practice by Cornelius Castoriadis , Antonio Gramsci , Herbert Marcuse , Jacques Rancière and Theodor Adorno . Environmentalists often argue that political freedoms should include some constraint on use of ecosystems . They maintain there
624-404: The right to the product of one's labor or freedom of association for less racial discrimination or more subsidies for housing. Social anarchists describe the negative liberty-centric view endorsed by capitalism as "selfish freedom". Anarcho-capitalists see negative rights as a consistent system. Ayn Rand described it as "a moral principle defining and sanctioning a man's freedom of action in
650-399: The will , or inner freedom, around the 5th century CE and since then freedom as a form of political action has been neglected even though, as she says, freedom is "the raison d'être of politics". Arendt says that political freedom is historically opposed to sovereignty or will-power since in ancient Greece and Rome the concept of freedom was inseparable from performance and did not arise as
676-447: Was a major proponent of self-rule in lieu of immoral governments. This principle has been explored in philosophy for centuries, with figures in ancient Greek philosophy such as Plato positing that self-mastery is necessary for true freedom. Plato believed that individuals or groups cannot achieve freedom unless they govern their own pleasures and desires, and instead will be in a state of enslavement. He states that self-mastery
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