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63-587: Male given name Gunnar is a male first name of Nordic origin ( Gunnarr in Old Norse ). The name Gunnar means fighter, soldier, and attacker, but mostly is referred to by the Viking saying which means Brave and Bold warrior ( gunnr "war" and arr "warrior"). King Gunnar was a prominent king of medieval literature such as the Middle High German epic poem,

126-573: A West Scandinavian branch, consisting of Norwegian , Faroese and Icelandic and, thirdly, an Old Gutnish branch. Norwegian settlers brought Old West Norse to Iceland and the Faroe Islands around 800. Of the modern Scandinavian languages, written Icelandic is closest to this ancient language. An additional language, known as Norn , developed on Orkney and Shetland after Vikings had settled there around 800, but this language became extinct around 1700. In medieval times, speakers of all

189-627: A continental group (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish). The division between Insular Nordic ( önordiska / ønordisk / øynordisk ) and Continental Scandinavian ( Skandinavisk ) is based on mutual intelligibility between the two groups and developed due to different influences, particularly the political union of Denmark and Norway (1536–1814) which led to significant Danish influence on central and eastern Norwegian dialects ( Bokmål or Dano-Norwegian ). The North Germanic languages are national languages in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, whereas

252-574: A francophone period), for example the Old Swedish word vindöga 'window' was replaced by fönster (from Middle Low German), whereas native vindue was kept in Danish. Norwegians, who spoke (and still speak) the Norwegian dialects derived from Old Norse, would say vindauga or similar. The written language of Denmark-Norway however, was based on the dialect of Copenhagen and thus had vindue . On

315-466: A more significant extent than the West Germanic languages do. These lexical, grammatical, and morphological similarities can be outlined in the table below. Given the aforementioned homogeneity, there exists some discussion on whether the continental group should be considered one or several languages. The Continental Scandinavian languages are often cited as proof of the aphorism " A language

378-528: A patriotic song about Estonia. In 1989 Gunnar Graps moved to the United States in the hopes of reaching new heights with his musical career but, alas, failed to reach those previous lofty heights and was compelled to work as a repairman – to "make ends meet". After the end of the Soviet occupation, when Estonia had been restored into a fully independent country in 1991, Graps returned to his homeland. In

441-538: A poor command of Norwegian and Swedish. They do somewhat better with Danish, as they are taught Danish in school (Icelandic is not mutually intelligible with Scandinavian languages, nor any language, not even Faroese, which is though closest). When speakers of Faroese and Icelandic were tested on how well they understood the three Continental Scandinavian languages, the test results were as follows (maximum score 10.0): The North Germanic languages share many lexical, grammatical, phonological, and morphological similarities, to

504-687: A semi-legendary king of the Burgundians The Gunnar Cup is the championship trophy for the United States bandy championship . Gunnar Optiks , an eyewear company Gunna, Scotland , a Scottish island thought to have been named after someone called Gunnar or Gunni. Gunner (disambiguation) Gunārs Gunar References [ edit ] ^ Behind the Name: Gunnar [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share

567-652: A separate language by many linguists. Traditionally regarded as a Swedish dialect, but by several criteria closer to West Scandinavian dialects, Elfdalian is a separate language by the standard of mutual intelligibility. Traveller Danish, Rodi, and Swedish Romani are varieties of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish with Romani vocabulary or Para-Romani known collectively as the Scandoromani language . They are spoken by Norwegian and Swedish Travellers . The Scando-Romani varieties in Sweden and Norway combine elements from

630-507: A shift towards straightforward hard rock and heavy metal, genres which Magnetic Band were already flirting with ( Note: all the musical groups in Soviet Union had to be evaluated before they were allowed to perform or exist at all ). After Mikhail Gorbachev became the new leader of the Soviet regime, GGG experienced less obstruction from the Soviet authorities. In 1988, they released their only LP entitled Põlemine (Burning). The vinyl

693-527: A strong mutual intelligibility where cross-border communication in native languages is very common, particularly between the latter two. Approximately 20 million people in the Nordic countries speak a Scandinavian language as their native language, including an approximately 5% minority in Finland . Besides being the only North Germanic language with official status in two separate sovereign states, Swedish

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756-586: A word play of "Tühjad pihud" (Empty Hands) record. In 2002, a 3 CD collection of Gunnar Graps' music, from all his tenures with past bands, was released as part of " Eesti kullafond " (Estionian Gold Fund) series. In 2003, Gunnar Graps performed at one of his last big concerts before death. An incarnation of Magnetic Band played in front of approx. 600 people at Green Christmas Festival in Rakvere , Estonia . Despite his health problems, Graps did not want to give up on music and in 2003 he released "Rajalt maas" (Off

819-461: Is a dialect with an army and navy ". The differences in dialects within the countries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark can often be greater than the differences across the borders, but the political independence of these countries leads continental Scandinavian to be classified into Norwegian , Swedish , and Danish in the popular mind as well as among most linguists. The generally agreed upon language border is, in other words, politically shaped. This

882-456: Is also because of the strong influence of the standard languages , particularly in Denmark and Sweden. Even if the language policy of Norway has been more tolerant of rural dialectal variation in formal language, the prestige dialect often referred to as "Eastern Urban Norwegian", spoken mainly in and around the Oslo region, is sometimes considered normative. The influence of a standard Norwegian

945-458: Is also referred to as the Nordic languages , a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish , Faroese , Icelandic , Norwegian , and Swedish scholars and people. The term North Germanic languages is used in comparative linguistics , whereas the term Scandinavian languages appears in studies of the modern standard languages and the dialect continuum of Scandinavia . Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are close enough to form

1008-751: Is also spoken by the North Schleswig Germans , and German is a recognized minority language in this region. German is the primary language among the Danish minority of Southern Schleswig , and likewise, Danish is the primary language of the North Schleswig Germans. Both minority groups are highly bilingual. Traditionally, Danish and German were the two official languages of Denmark–Norway ; laws and other official instruments for use in Denmark and Norway were written in Danish, and local administrators spoke Danish or Norwegian. German

1071-619: Is also the most spoken of the languages overall. 15% of the population in Greenland speak Danish as a first language. This language branch is separated from the West Germanic languages , consisting of languages like English, Dutch, and German to the south, and does not include Finnish to the east, which belongs to the completely unrelated Uralic language family . The modern languages and their dialects in this group are: The Germanic languages are traditionally divided into three groups: West , East and North Germanic. Their exact relation

1134-524: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles North Germanic languages Continental Scandinavian languages: Insular Nordic languages: The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages —a sub-family of the Indo-European languages —along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages . The language group

1197-619: Is difficult to determine from the sparse evidence of runic inscriptions, and they remained mutually intelligible to some degree during the Migration Period , so that some individual varieties are difficult to classify. Dialects with the features assigned to the northern group formed from the Proto-Germanic language in the late Pre-Roman Iron Age in Northern Europe . Eventually, around the year 200 AD, speakers of

1260-546: Is nevertheless less so than in Denmark and Sweden, since the prestige dialect in Norway has moved geographically several times over the past 200 years. The organised formation of Nynorsk out of western Norwegian dialects after Norway became independent from Denmark in 1814 intensified the politico-linguistic divisions. The Nordic Council has on several occasions referred to the (Germanic) languages spoken in Scandinavia as

1323-476: Is similar to Nynorsk and is used by a very small minority. Gunnar Graps Gunnar Graps was born to Latvian conductor, cellist and musical pedagogue Igors Gunārs Graps-Grāfs and his Estonian wife Salme (née Pluum). Graps was inspired to turn to music by his father at the age of six when he started to learn cello . In 1964, being only 13, he joined his first band Satelliidid as a guitarist. In spring of 1967 Graps joined Mikronid , where he played drums for

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1386-849: The Isle of Man , and Norwegian settlements in Normandy . The Old East Norse dialect was spoken in Denmark, Sweden, settlements in Russia, England, and Danish settlements in Normandy. The Old Gutnish dialect was spoken in Gotland and in various settlements in the East. Yet, by 1600, another classification of the North Germanic language branches had arisen from a syntactic point of view, dividing them into an insular group (Icelandic and Faroese) and

1449-6267: The Nibelungenlied , where King Gunnar and Queen Brynhildr hold their court at Worms . Gunder is a nordic variant, Günther is the modern German variant, and Gonario is the Italian version. Some people with the name Gunnar include: Gunnar Andersen [ edit ] Gunnar Andersen (1890–1968), Norwegian football player and ski jumper Gunnar Andersen (1909–1988), Norwegian ski jumper Gunnar Aagaard Andersen (1919–1982), Danish sculptor, painter and designer Gunnar Reiss-Andersen (1896–1964), Norwegian poet Gunnar Andersson [ edit ] Johan Gunnar Andersson (1874–1960), Swedish archaeologist, paleontologist and geologist Gunnar Andersson (1890–1946), Swedish trade unionist Gunnar Andersson ( Spökis ; 1923–1974), Swedish aviator Gunnar Andersson (footballer) (1928–1969), Swedish football player Per-Gunnar Andersson Per-Gunnar Andersson (born 1957), Swedish racing driver Per-Gunnar Andersson (born 1980), Swedish rally driver Others [ edit ] Gunnar Asplund (1885–1940), Swedish architect Gunnar Bärlund (1911–1982), Finnish boxer Gunnar Berg Gunnar Berg (1863–1893), Norwegian painter Gunnar Berg (1897–1987), American scouting official Gunnar Berg (1909–1989), Swiss-Danish composer Gunnar Berg (1923–2007), Norwegian politician Gunnar Andreas Berg (born 1954), Norwegian musician Gunnar Berge (born 1940), Norwegian politician Gunnar Berggren (1908–1983), Swedish boxer Gunnar Birkerts (1925–2017), Latvian-American architect Gunnar Bjurner (1882–1964), Swedish Navy vice admiral Gunnar Björnstrand (1909–1986), Swedish actor Gunnar Ekelöf (1907–1968), Swedish poet and writer Gunnar Eklund (1920–2010), Swedish Army lieutenant general Gunnar Fant (1919–2009), Swedish phonetician Gunnar Fischer (1910–2011), Swedish cinematographer Gunnar Friedemann (1909–1943), Estonian chess player Gunnar Garbo (1924–2016), Norwegian journalist, politician and diplomat Gunnar Garfors (1975-), Norwegian author, traveller and world record holder Gunnar Graps (1951–2004), Estonian musician Gunnar Emil Garfors (1900–1979), Norwegian poet Gunnar Gehl (born 2001), American singer-songwriter Gunnar Grandin (1918–2004), Swedish Navy rear admiral Gunnar Gren (1920–1991), Swedish football player Gunnar Hámundarson (10th century), Icelandic chieftain Gunnar Hansen (disambiguation) Gunnar Hansen (1947–2015), Icelandic-American actor Gunnar Hansen (boxer) (1916–2004), Norwegian boxer Gunnar Heinsohn (1943–2023), German anthropologist Gunnar Helm , American football player Gunnar Henderson (born 2001), American baseball player for Baltimore Orioles Gunnar Hoppe (1914–2005), Swedish Quaternary geologist and geographer Gunnar Höckert (1910–1940), Finnish runner Gunnar Jarring (1907–2002), Swedish diplomat and turkologist Gunnar Jeannette (born 1982), American racing driver Gunnar Jedeur-Palmgren (1899–1996), Swedish Navy vice admiral Gunnar Johansen (1906–1991), Danish-American pianist and composer Gunnar Johansson Gunnar Johansson (1911–1998), Swedish psychologist Gunnar Johansson (1919–1998), Swedish canoeist Gunnar Johansson (1924–2003), Swedish football player Gunnar Kaasen (1882–1960), Norwegian-American dog musher Gunnar Kangro (1913–1975), Estonian mathematician Gunnar Klettenberg (born 1967), Estonian equestrian Gunnar Knudsen (1848–1928), Norwegian politician Gunnar Korhonen (1918–2001), Norwegian politician Gunnar Berg Lampe (1892–1978), Norwegian businessman Gunnar Larsson Gunnar Larsson (1908–1996), Swedish politician Gunnar Larsson (born 1951), Swedish swimmer Gunnar Larsson (born 1944), Swedish cross-country skier Gunnar Larsen (1900–1958), Norwegian journalist, writer, and translator Gunnar Larsen (politician) (1902–1973), Danish engineer, businessman and politician Gunnar Malmquist (1893–1982), Swedish astronomer Gunnar Marklund (1892–1964), Finnish botanist Pål Gunnar Mikkelsplass (born 1961), Norwegian cross country skier Gunnar Möller (1928–2017), German actor Gunnar Molton (born 1993), drummer for Texas Hippie Coalition Gunnar Myrdal (1898–1987), Swedish economist Gunnar Nelson (born 1967), American musician Gunnar Nelson (born 1988), Icelandic martial arts fighter Gunnar Nielsen Gunnar Nielsen (1919–2009), Swedish film actor Gunnar Nielsen (1928–1985), Danish runner Gunnar Guillermo Nielsen (born 1983), Faroese-Argentine football player Gunnar Nielsen (born 1986), Faroese football player Gunnar Nilson (1872–1951), Swedish physician Gunnar Nilsson Gunnar Nilsson (1922–1997), Swedish trade unionist Gunnar Nilsson (1923–2005), Swedish boxer Gunnar Nilsson (1948–1978), Swedish racing driver Gunnar Nordahl (1921–1995), Swedish football player Gunnar Nordström (1881–1923), Finnish physicist Gunnar Öquist (born 1941), Swedish biologist Gunnar Persson (1933–2018), Swedish cartoonist Gunnar Randers (1914–1992), Norwegian physicist Gunnar Rohrbacher (born 1968), American author Gunnar Seidenfaden (1908–2001), Danish diplomat and botanist Ole Gunnar Solskjær (born 1973), Norwegian football player Gunnar Staalesen (born 1947), Norwegian writer Gunnar Stålsett (born 1935), Norwegian theologician and politician Gunnar Taucher (1886–1941), Finnish architect Gunnar Thoresen (footballer) (1920–2017), Norwegian football player Gunnar Thoresen (bobsledder) (1921–1972), Norwegian bobsledder Gunnar Heiðar Þorvaldsson (born 1982), Icelandic football player Gunnar Uusi (1931–1981), Estonian chess player Gunnar Widforss (1879–1934), Swedish-American painter Gunnar Wiklund (1935–1989), Swedish singer See also [ edit ] A variant name for Gunther ,

1512-558: The Northwest Germanic languages, divided into four main dialects: North Germanic, and the three groups conventionally called "West Germanic", namely Inability of the tree model to explain the existence of some features in the West Germanic languages stimulated the development of an alternative, the so-called wave model . Under this view, the properties that the West Germanic languages have in common separate from

1575-412: The Øresund Bridge and a larger number of cross-border commuters in the Øresund Region contribute to a better knowledge of spoken Danish and a better knowledge of the unique Danish words among the region's inhabitants. According to the study, youth in this region were able to understand the Danish language (slightly) better than the Norwegian language. But they still could not understand Danish as well as

1638-705: The "Scandinavian language" (singular); for instance, the official newsletter of the Nordic Council is written in the "Scandinavian language". The creation of one unified written language has been considered as highly unlikely, given the failure to agree upon a common standardized language in Norway . However, there is a slight chance of "some uniformization of spelling" between Norway, Sweden and Denmark. All North Germanic languages are descended from Old Norse . Divisions between subfamilies of North Germanic are rarely precisely defined: Most form continuous clines, with adjacent dialects being mutually intelligible and

1701-405: The Danish vocabulary and grammar, and was nearly identical to written Danish until the spelling reform of 1907. (For this reason, Bokmål and its unofficial, more conservative variant Riksmål are sometimes considered East Scandinavian, and Nynorsk West Scandinavian via the west–east division shown above.) However, Danish has developed a greater distance between the spoken and written versions of

1764-419: The North Germanic branch became distinguishable from the other Germanic language speakers . The early development of this language branch is attested through runic inscriptions. The North Germanic group is characterized by a number of phonological and morphological innovations shared with West Germanic : Some have argued that after East Germanic broke off from the group, the remaining Germanic languages,

1827-540: The North Germanic family tree is divided into two main branches, West Scandinavian languages ( Norwegian , Faroese and Icelandic ) and East Scandinavian languages ( Danish and Swedish ), along with various dialects and varieties. The two branches are derived from the western and eastern dialect groups of Old Norse respectively. There was also an Old Gutnish branch spoken on the island of Gotland . The continental Scandinavian languages (Swedish, Norwegian and Danish) were heavily influenced by Middle Low German during

1890-556: The North Germanic languages are not inherited from a "Proto-West-Germanic" language, but rather spread by language contact among the Germanic languages spoken in central Europe, not reaching those spoken in Scandinavia. Some innovations are not found in West and East Germanic, such as: After the Old Norse period, the North Germanic languages developed into an East Scandinavian branch, consisting of Danish and Swedish ; and, secondly,

1953-722: The Northern Peoples . Dialectal variation between west and east in Old Norse however was certainly present during the Middle Ages and three dialects had emerged: Old West Norse, Old East Norse and Old Gutnish. Old Icelandic was essentially identical to Old Norwegian , and together they formed the Old West Norse dialect of Old Norse and were also spoken in settlements in Faroe Islands, Ireland , Scotland,

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2016-562: The Norwegians could, demonstrating once again the relative distance of Swedish from Danish. Youth in Copenhagen had a very poor command of Swedish, showing that the Øresund connection was mostly one-way. The results from the study of how well native youth in different Scandinavian cities did when tested on their knowledge of the other Continental Scandinavian languages are summarized in table format, reproduced below. The maximum score

2079-553: The Nynorsk project (which had as a goal to re-establish a written Norwegian language) would have been much harder to carry out if Norway had been in a union with Sweden instead of with Denmark, simply because the differences would have been smaller. Currently, English loanwords are influencing the languages. A 2005 survey of words used by speakers of the Scandinavian languages showed that the number of English loanwords used in

2142-547: The Scandinavian languages could understand one another to a significant degree, and it was often referred to as a single language, called the "Danish tongue" until the 13th century by some in Sweden and Iceland. In the 16th century, many Danes and Swedes still referred to North Germanic as a single language, which is stated in the introduction to the first Danish translation of the Bible and in Olaus Magnus ' A Description of

2205-489: The Swedish dialects. Nynorsk incorporates much of these words, like byrja (cf. Swedish börja , Danish begynde ), veke (cf. Sw vecka , Dan uge ) and vatn (Sw vatten , Dan vand ) whereas Bokmål has retained the Danish forms ( begynne , uke , vann ). As a result, Nynorsk does not conform to the above east–west split model, since it shares a lot of features with Swedish. According to the Norwegian linguist Arne Torp ,

2268-466: The Track), which had a strong blues influence. In one of his last interviews Graps promised to go on tour in Russia, because he was disappointed in the local music scene. Three months before his death he was still looking forward to continue his career and in an interview for Sakala , an Estonian newspaper, he promised to release a new album by the end of 2004 and another record in 2005. On 17 May 2004, at

2331-555: The age of 52, Gunnar Graps died of a heart attack at his home on Mooni street in Tallinn. Gunnar Graps is considered a rock idol by many Estonians. Another popular Estonian band Metsatöll have said that Gunnar Graps means the same to Estonian metal as Black Sabbath means to the world. Also, numerous tribute events have spawned, paying homage to the early departed musician. These events take place around Graps' birthday month and death month. A string of local bands usually perform at

2394-441: The dialects of Western Sweden, Eastern Norway (Østlandet) and Trøndersk. Norwegian has two official written norms, Bokmål and Nynorsk. In addition, there are some unofficial norms. Riksmål is more conservative than Bokmål (that is, closer to Danish) and is used to various extents by numerous people, especially in the cities and by the largest newspaper in Norway, Aftenposten . On the other hand, Høgnorsk (High Norwegian)

2457-469: The event along with incarnations of GGG or Magnetic Band, with people Graps used to play with. Gunnar Graps was inducted into the Hall Of Fame of Rock Cafe, a local pub (operated by the owners of Radio Mania, also the place where the tribute events take place), on 17 May 2005. In December 2005, Hard Rock Club started collecting funds to erect a memorial headstone at Graps' grave. A fund-rising concert

2520-487: The former Soviet Union and were popular until their fade in the end of decade. Their most popular songs were "Põlemine" (Burning), "Valgus" (Light), the ballad "Mosaiik" (Mosaic), "Raudmees" (Iron Man) – a song which gave Graps his nickname. During the Singing Revolution , in 1987, a choir composed of well-known Estonian singers, Gunnar Graps among them, recorded Alo Mattiisen 's song " Ei ole üksi ükski maa ",

2583-695: The language group. According to a study undertaken during 2002–2005 and funded by the Nordic Cultural Fund, Swedish speakers in Stockholm and Danish speakers in Copenhagen have the greatest difficulty in understanding other Nordic languages. The study, which focused mainly on native speakers under the age of 25, showed that the lowest ability to comprehend another language is demonstrated by youth in Stockholm in regard to Danish, producing

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2646-453: The language, so the differences between spoken Norwegian and spoken Danish are somewhat more significant than the difference between their respective written forms. Written Danish is relatively close to the other Continental Scandinavian languages, but the sound developments of spoken Danish include reduction and assimilation of consonants and vowels, as well as the prosodic feature called stød in Danish, developments which have not occurred in

2709-630: The languages between different parts of the three language areas. Sweden left the Kalmar Union in 1523 due to conflicts with Denmark, leaving two Scandinavian units: The union of Denmark–Norway (ruled from Copenhagen, Denmark) and Sweden (including present-day Finland). The two countries took different sides during several wars until 1814, when the Denmark-Norway unit was disestablished, and made different international contacts. This led to different borrowings from foreign languages (Sweden had

2772-502: The languages has doubled during the last 30 years and is now 1.2%. Icelandic has imported fewer English words than the other North Germanic languages, despite the fact that it is the country that uses English most. The mutual intelligibility between the Continental Scandinavian languages is asymmetrical. Various studies have shown Norwegian speakers to be the best in Scandinavia at understanding other languages within

2835-431: The lowest ability score in the survey. The greatest variation in results between participants within the same country was also demonstrated by the Swedish speakers in the study. Participants from Malmö , located in the southernmost Swedish province of Scania (Skåne), demonstrated a better understanding of Danish than Swedish speakers to the north. Access to Danish television and radio, direct trains to Copenhagen over

2898-475: The most popular heavy-music bands in the Soviet Union. They won first prize at the first official rock-festival of the Soviet Union which took place in Tbilisi thanks to their hit "Lady Blues" and became the stars of Yerevan-81 international pop-rock-festival. "Garbed in fire-engine red pants and white shirt decorated with a splashy 7-Up emblem, Graps sang: "Since we have nowhere else to make love/we do it out in

2961-589: The most separated ones not. The Jamtlandic dialects share many characteristics with both Trøndersk and with Norrländska mål. Due to this ambiguous position, it is contested whether Jamtlandic belongs to the West Scandinavian or the East Scandinavian group. Elfdalian (Älvdalen speech), generally considered a Sveamål dialect, today has an official orthography and is, because of a lack of mutual intelligibility with Swedish , considered as

3024-464: The next six years. In 1970–1972 he was in the army and during that period he performed with Ivo Linna . He spent another year behind the drums in Mikronid after his return from military service. In spring 1968 Jüri Lina recorded about ten Mikronid's songs which also included Graps' creation for his show "Pobifo Revüü". After leaving the group Mikronid Graps created Ornament in 1973, which was one of

3087-533: The non-Germanic Finnish is spoken by the majority in Finland. In inter-Nordic contexts, texts are today often presented in three versions: Finnish, Icelandic, and one of the three languages Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Another official language in the Nordic countries is Greenlandic (in the Eskimo–Aleut family ), the sole official language of Greenland . In Southern Jutland in southwestern Denmark, German

3150-514: The open/And sometimes the rain washes away the makeup/from her face—and mine", wrote Time magazine in 1981. His popularity peaked in the 1980s. Magnetic Band constantly toured the Soviet Union. In 1982, Washington Post dedicated a whole page to Gunnar Graps and the Magnetic Band. It was no surprise that in 1983 Magnetic Band got banned by the Soviet authorities, which led to creation of GGG (Gunnar Graps Group). The change also marked

3213-518: The other hand, the word begynde 'begin' (now written begynne in Norwegian Bokmål) was borrowed into Danish and Norwegian, whereas native börja was kept in Swedish. Even though standard Swedish and Danish were moving apart, the dialects were not influenced that much. Thus Norwegian and Swedish remained similar in pronunciation, and words like børja were able to survive in some of the Norwegian dialects whereas vindöga survived in some of

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3276-544: The other languages (though the stød corresponds to the changes in pitch in Norwegian and Swedish, which are pitch-accent languages ). Scandinavians are widely expected to understand some of the other spoken Scandinavian languages. There may be some difficulty particularly with elderly dialect speakers, however public radio and television presenters are often well understood by speakers of the other Scandinavian countries, although there are various regional differences of mutual intelligibility for understanding mainstream dialects of

3339-401: The period of Hanseatic expansion . Another way of classifying the languages – focusing on mutual intelligibility rather than the tree-of-life model – posits Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish as Continental Scandinavian , and Faroese and Icelandic as Insular Scandinavian . Because of the long political union between Norway and Denmark, moderate and conservative Norwegian Bokmål share most of

3402-644: The pioneers of hard rock in Estonia and the USSR (Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1944–1991). Ornament's music was influenced by Led Zeppelin and psychedelic rock . In 1976 Graps put together a new outfit called Magnetic Band which was Jazz-rock oriented, with reggae and funk - soul influences. In 1977 Graps graduated from Tallinn Music School, from the percussion instruments department. Soon after that he reformed his group and they started leaning towards hard rock . Soon Magnetic Band became one of

3465-576: The role of the drummer. Hinno is known to be a big fan of Graps' work and sang "Mosaiik" live with Gunnar's Roses. In 2011, dramatist Ivar Põllu's play Raudmees. Odysseuse eksirännakud , which focuses of the life of Graps, was performed at the New Tartu Theatre in Tartu . Directed by Robert Annus, the play featured actor Juss Haasma as Graps and a musical score that consisted of many of Graps' most well-known songs. Gunnar Graps' singing style

3528-676: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunnar&oldid=1244962922 " Categories : Given names Scandinavian masculine given names Faroese masculine given names Icelandic masculine given names Norwegian masculine given names Swedish masculine given names Estonian masculine given names English masculine given names Masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Short description

3591-421: The summer of 1993, he was caught, while working as a DJ at the nightclub on the ferryboat "Estonia", trying to cross the border to Sweden with anabolic steroids and was imprisoned for two months in Sweden. Graps reportedly did not complain about his imprisonment and praised the jail as being better than restaurants in Estonia. After his release, Graps came back to Estonia. Financial problems arose once more and he

3654-511: Was 10.0: Faroese speakers (of the Insular Scandinavian languages group) are even better than the Norwegians at comprehending two or more languages within the Continental Scandinavian languages group, scoring high in both Danish (which they study at school) and Norwegian and having the highest score on a Scandinavian language other than their native language, as well as the highest average score. Icelandic speakers, in contrast, have

3717-422: Was compelled to work at local radio stations and night-clubs as a DJ, playing music he hated. In 1995, Graps released "Tühjad pihud" (Empty Hands) and reformed GGG the next year, performing about once a month. Graps was becoming more and more depressed. Starting in the 21st century, Graps was still having financial troubles and performed in a series of Hansapank pension fund commercials. The commercials included

3780-450: Was held on 5 March 2006 at Rock Cafe in Tallinn. The stone was designed by Graps' son Jan Graps and placed on his grave at Rahumäe cemetery on 17 May 2006. A cover band – Gunnar's Roses – was also active at some point during 2005–2006, performing at Hard Rock Laager in 2005 (a heavy metal festival created by Hard Rock Club) and at smaller pubs. The band was put together by Henri "Suss" Hinno (drummer of Manatark and Must Missa ) who took

3843-464: Was issued by Melodiya , the only record company in the entire USSR. Distribution of the record was very high. At the time, GGG consisted of Gunnar Graps (drums, percussion, vocals, keyboards), Juri Stihhanov (lead guitar), Andres Aak (now known as Angela Aak, rhythm guitar), Jüri Roosa (bass guitar) and Tiit Altosaar (drums on some songs, as Graps tended to perform most drumming (along with singing) himself). They performed in Estonia and many locations over

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3906-451: Was somewhat similar to the style James Hetfield of Metallica used to have, which was essentially trying to sing from the throat to produce a raspier sound. A very busy schedule contributed to the development of his signature rasp. It was not uncommon for Graps to perform even 3 shows per day and 25 days in a month. He was still able to produce very high notes, as is evident from his songs and Jesus Christ Superstar song "Gethsamen", which

3969-544: Was the administrative language of Holstein and the Duchy of Schleswig . Sami languages form an unrelated group that has coexisted with the North Germanic language group in Scandinavia since prehistory. Sami, like Finnish , is part of the group of the Uralic languages . During centuries of interaction, Finnish and Sami have imported many more loanwords from North Germanic languages than vice versa. In historical linguistics,

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